生态公益林区划界定存在问题与完善对策研究——以广西武宣县为例

生态公益林区划界定的科学性、准确性和可靠性,直接影响着公益林的经营管理和补偿制度的落实。文章基于工作实践,就广西省来宾市武宣县的重点公益林区划界定、调整工作的一些问题进行探讨分析,提出相应的建议,为进一步完善生态公益林区划界定工作提供参考。     

生态公益林区划界定存在问题与完善对策研究——以广西武宣县为例

生态公益林区划界定的科学性、准确性和可靠性,直接影响着公益林的经营管理和补偿制度的落实.文章基于工作实践,就广西省来宾市武宣县的重点公益林区划界定、调整工作的一些问题进行探讨分析,提出相应的建议,为进一步完善生态公益林区划界定工作提供参考.     

南召生态公益林建设现状与发展研究

一、生态公益林现状南召县是河南省实施生态公益林的重点县之一。2004年南召县部署开展了公益林区划界定工作,全县共区划界定国家重点生态公益林126.1万亩、省级公益林6.3万亩,公益林总面积占全县林业用地面积的43%,共涉及两个国有林场和13个     

云南省林业厅关于印发“云南省区划界定国家重点公益林技术工作的原则要求”的通知

认真搞好重点公益林区划界定工作，争取中央财政的扶持，是推动我省林业分类经营改革和林业生态体系建设的关键。根据《国家林业局、财政部重点公益林区划界定办法》的规定，省林业厅制定了《云南省区划界定国家重点公益林技术工作的原则要求》，现印发给你们，     

剑河县公益林区划界定以及管理初探

区划界定重点的公益林对于国内林业分类经营工作具有重要意义和作用,也是目前为止加强对公益林保护管理和逐步放开商品林经营的重大举措。系统地进行重点公益林的区划界定之后,不仅能够使得国家对于生态公益林的重视程度得到提升,另外还能够更好地发挥公益林区的生态效益,促进全国内的林业健康、未定、持续地进行发展。针对公益林区划界定进行相关的研究和分析,其主要目的在于使得林业经营者的权益与公益林资源同时得到保护。     

云南省实施中央森林生态效益补偿基金项目的主要做法及有关问题

云南省在全省森林分类区划的基础上,2004年以县为单位开展了国家重点公益林和两类林的区划界定及调整工作,并经国家林业局、财政部核查认定,确认云南省国家重点公益林面积为791.8万hm2.文章介绍了中央森林生态补偿基金的补偿范围、项目实施2年来取得的成绩、工作经验,分析了工作中存在的问题,提出了今后工作的建议.     

云南省林业厅关于印发“云南省区划界定国家重点公益林技术工作的原则要求”的通知

各地（州、市）林业局： 认真搞好重点公益林区划界定工作，争取中央财政的扶持，是推动我省林业分类经营改革和林业生态体系建设的关键。根据《国家林业局、财政部重点公益林区划界定办法》的规定，省林业厅制定了《云南省区划界定国家重点公益林技术工作的原则要求》，现印发给你们，[第一段]     

对国家公益林及其管护承包若干问题的探讨

从国家公益林区划界定的现状出发,指出国家公益林区划界定中应注意的问题;探讨国家公益林的补偿办法;研究国家公益林的管护承包方式以及相应的监督管理措施。     

嵩明县国家重点公益林区划界定结果的评价与建议

国家重点公益林的区划界定是贯彻落实《森林法》的规定,实行森林分类经营和森林生态效益补偿的重要工作,对保障国土生态安全、生物多样性保护和社会经济可持续发展具有重要的作用。现文对嵩明县国家重点公益林区划界定的结果,进行分析与评价,提出存在的问题和建议。     

云南省森林分类经营存在问题及深化改革浅析

云南省森林分类经营区划界定和两类林调整进行过3次。第1次于1998年至2001年进行,天保工程区内规划的生态公益林比例高达80%以上,全省区划公益林22267.20万亩,占61.0%;商品林14486.25万亩,占39.0%。第2次重点公益林区划界定于2004年进行,将两类林     

城市绿地雨水利用途径研究

雨水是城市中有待进一步开发的水资源,雨水利用具有重要的经济和生态效益。作者介绍了城市绿地对雨水的渗透利用、储存利用、雨水的综合利用等利用途径;提出了雨水资源开发利用的具体措施与方法。     

砂光机新产品开发前景与数控技术的应用

论述了国产砂光机产品的开发策略与优势整合措施,指出我国砂光机产业与国际先进水平的差距、砂光机生产存在的问题及产品结构分布极为不合理现状,分析了我国砂光机产品系列与德国的差距。指出宽带砂光机是龙头企业生存的根本,行业发展的结果是绝大多数企业转产其它类型砂光机。提出开发中高档砂光机是新产品开发的总目标,把开发人造板砂光机生产线作为龙头企业的任务,指出家具专用砂光机开发前景广阔,木材精加工设备都应成为砂光机生产企业考虑的研发方向,以填补我国砂光机产品种类的空白。     

Complexity and information propagation in hydrological time series of mountain forest catchments

Ecosystem analysis is typically done by determination of species composition, structural exploration, determination of matter and energy fluxes and/or system analyses based on deterministic or probabilistic/stochastic model approaches. However, regarding ecosystem dynamics, temporal structure, information content, complexity of signals, and their modifications when subsequently passing through different subsystems, have not intensively been studied to date. Structure in time series characterised by information and complexity measures may provide additional, powerful tools to analyse state and dynamics of ecosystems. Along their path through ecosystem compartments, e.g., hydrological signals are transformed in several ways, comprising changes in randomness, autocorrelation structures, and smoothness. Thus, time series analyses with complexity and information measures are of interest for a holistic understanding of ecosystem behaviour and early indications of natural and anthropogenic disturbances of ecosystems such as ecosystem degradation and climate change. Further, these measures provide additional criteria for the calibration of model parameters, tests of model validity, and determination of the necessary degree of complexity of process models. In this paper, we present the outcome from applications of information and complexity measures to hydrological time series in two climatically different forest ecosystems in South Germany and southern Ecuador. Information and complexity measures are different for different parameters but ecosystems of the same type such as mountain forests exhibit similar behaviour. We hypothesise that complexity of hydraulic time series increases with the number of abiotic and biotic variables involved in the generating process of the time series. Thus, complexity should reach a minimum in the precipitation signal which is controlled by abiotic, atmospheric factors only, and reach a maximum in the root zone where the interaction of abiotic and biotic variables is high. Hydrological time series under study cover the sequence of hydrological signals from open precipitation, throughfall, sapflow, water fluxes in the soil compartment and system discharge. We detected pronounced data aggregation and transformation effects of hydrological signals along their path through subsystems in terms of information propagation. We further found similar patterns in different ecosystems of the same general type. As a result of intensive abiotic and biotic interactions, a pronounced maximum of complexity was found in the moisture signal of the soil compartment.     

Spatial patterns of forest fires in Catalonia (NE of Spain) along the period 1975–1995: Analysis of vegetation recovery after fire

This paper revises the results of applying a semiautomatic methodology for fire scars mapping from a time series of Landsat MSS images over the forest and shrubby surface of Catalonia (1975–1993). Perimeters of fires which occurred in 1994 and 1995 were added enlarging the whole series to 21 years from TM imagery. Results are a map series of fire history during 21 years as well as a map of the fire recurrence level. Omission errors are 23% for burned areas greater than 2 km² while commission errors are 8% for areas greater than 0.5 km². Detected fire scars were incorporated into a geographic information system in order to characterise the fire regime of the study area. Fire size distribution and the number of spot fires originated from each fire as well as the maximum distance reached from the main fire are analysed. A first approach to monitor post-burn regeneration through normalised difference vegetation index is also shown.     

枳椇综合利用研究

对枳棋性能、综合利用途径和方法进行了研究。枳棋可材用、药用和食用，目前应以食用为开发利用重点。利用枳棋果可开发出营养性饮料食品。解酒性饮品等系列产品。     

新西兰林业研究所的科技体制改革

1985～1992年,新西兰林业研究所由一个政府全额拨款的科研单位,逐步过渡转变为一个自主经营、自负盈亏的科研股份公司,政府不再下拨行政等费用。为此,该科研公司对研究室和管理部门进行了一系列机构重组,促使各个研究室与工业界更加密切合作;学术（顾问）组更加注重市场预测,及时提供有关林业和林产品的市场走向,研究动态等;管理部门更加全面地制定计划,协调内外关系、调整资源配置、增强公司的整体竞争力。转变为科研公司后,其每年的科研经费平均50%来自政府的科研基金,50%来自工业界。     

Effects of intumescent formulation for acrylic-based coating on flame-retardancy of painted red lauan (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Parashorea</Emphasis> spp.) thin plywood

Acrylic emulsion based painted red lauan plywood (Parashorea spp.) is most commonly used for indoor furnishings. This study investigated the enhancement of the fire retardance of painted plywood by interaction among four major components of intumescent formulation: (1) acrylic emulsion resin as binder resin (BR), (2) pentaerythritol as carbonizing substance (CS), (3) melamine as foam producing substance (FPS) and (4) ammonium polyphosphate as dehydrating agent (DA). Effects of changing BR/CS ratios (designated as FRA series) and FPS/DA ratios (designated as FRM series) on flame-retardance of painted plywood were investigated using a cone calorimeter. The intumescent formulation significantly enhanced fire retardancy of painted plywood by exhibiting lower peak release rates and longer times to reach peak release rates, compared with uncoated plywood (UP) panel and plywood panel solely coated with acrylic emulsion resin. Lower BR content in the FRA series and lower FPS content in the FRM series were shown to enhance flame retardancy of painted plywood. The positive correlation between total heat release values under increasing combustion duration and incremental changes of BR and FPS contents in two series further verified the above findings. Consistent with the observed flame retardancy enhancement of painted plywood, lower heats of combustion and weight losses for paints in the FRM series were also identified by oxygen bomb calorimeter measurements and thermogravimetrical analysis. Infrared analysis of the chars indicated the formation of phosphate ester linkages with the lowest BR content in the FRA series and the lowest FPS content in the FRM series showing superior enhancements of flame retardancy for painted red lauan plywood.     

基于子波变换的时间序列波动特征分析

本文运用子波变换的分析方法,研究股票时间序列多尺度局域结构的波动性。通过对具体的股指数据分析、比较表明:利用子波分析法,不仅能准确判定出序列的稳定周期大小和相对强弱,比较不同股指序列的周期相关性,而且能提取序列的局部波动和突发波动信息。     

STUDY ON THE NETWORK OF FOREST BURNING LINKS

Based on the research of the Forest Burning Links published in the Journal ofNortheast Forestry University in 1987,this paper continues to study the theory of forest burningFire behavior has been divided into two important series in this paper.One is fire occurrence andspread, and the other is burning intensity.The first series has been divided into three grades as A:toburn difficulty and spread slowly;B:to burn possibly and spread little fast;and C:to burn easilyand spread fast.The second series has been divided into four grades as I:light burning;Ⅱ:me-dium burning;Ⅲ:intense burning;and Ⅳ:severe burning.The firsts series can be put as ordinate,and the second series can be put as abscissa.Then the network of 12 forest burning links can beformed.In the network,the relatioship,the law of distribution and the variation of different forestburning links can be shown clearly.The studies of the distrubution of fuel types,topography,siteand fire kinds in the network can provide the basic theory for fire mana     

Climate change effects on historical range and variability of two large landscapes in western Montana,USA

Quantifying the historical range and variability of landscape composition and structure using simulation modeling is becoming an important means of assessing current landscape condition and prioritizing landscapes for ecosystem restoration. However, most simulated time series are generated using static climate conditions which fail to account for the predicted major changes in future climate. This paper presents a simulation study that generates reference landscape compositions for all combinations of three climate scenarios (warm-wet, hot-dry, and current) and three fire regime scenarios (half historical, historical, and double historical fire frequencies) to determine if future climate change has an effect on landscape dynamics. We applied the spatially explicit, state-and-transition, landscape fire succession model LANDSUM to two large landscapes in west-central Montana, USA. LANDSUM was parameterized and initialized using spatial data generated from the LANDFIRE prototype project. Biophysical settings, critical spatial inputs to LANDSUM, were empirically modeled across the landscape using environmental gradients created from historical and modeled future climate daily weather data summaries. Successional pathways and disturbance probabilities were assigned to these biophysical settings based on existing field data and extensive literature reviews. To assess the impact of changes in climate and fire regime, we compared simulated area burned and landscape composition over time among the different simulation scenario combinations using response variables of Sorenson's index (a global measure of similarity) and area occupied by the dominant vegetation class (simple indicator of change in landscape composition). Results show that simulated time series using future predicted climate scenarios are significantly different from the simulated historical time series and any changes in the fire regime tend to create more dissimilar and more variable simulated time series. Our study results indicate that historical time series should be used in conjunction with simulated future time series as references for managing landscapes.