芸薹属A基因组DNA封阻下的甘蓝C染色体组核型分析

为探索一种高效可靠的芸薹属植物核型分析方法,以甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)和白菜(B.pekinensis)为材料,提取甘蓝基因组DNA用地高辛标记为探针,提取白菜基因组DNA作为封阻剂,对甘蓝有丝分裂中期染色体进行原位杂交.结果表明,甘蓝每对同源染色体上均显示出了特定的原位杂交信号,依据信号特征成功地将甘蓝9对染色体进行了精细的分型.为甘蓝等小型染色体的核型分析提供了一条可行且精确的方法.     

蓝粒小麦4Ag染色体的显微分离与鉴定

本研究采用显微分离技术从蓝粒小麦(Triticum aestivum L.(2n=6x=42)×Thinopyrum ponticum Liu &Wang(2n=10x=70))根尖细胞中期分裂相中分离出具有4Ag染色体形态特征的单条染色体,对分离后的细胞进行原位杂交(FISH),结果显示细胞中所剩的和显微分离到的单条染色体均为4Ag染色体.利用Sau3A接头介导的PCR方法对分离出的单条4Ag染色体进行体外扩增,扩增的DNA片段大小约为200～2 000 bp,主要集中在250～750 bp之间.以DIG-dUTP标记的蓝粒基因组DNA为探针,与该扩增产物进行Southern杂交,结果表明显微分离出的染色体得到了有效的扩增.利用该分离染色体的PCR扩增产物为探针,对蓝粒小麦进行原位杂交,证明显微分离的染色体体外扩增片段确实来源于4Ag染色体.本研究拓宽了染色体显微分离的范围,为构建4Ag染色体文库和克隆位于该染色体上的重要农艺性状基因提供了新途径.     

小麦-中间偃麦草抗条锈病渗入系的分子细胞学鉴定

小麦品系CH5383是源于中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium)的兼抗多种小麦病害的新种质。为明确其抗性来源和外源DNA片段的渗入位置,采用基因组原位杂交(GISH)和荧光原位杂交(FISH)对CH5383进行分析,GISH分析未发现外源信号,FISH结果观察到CH5383的3BL染色体端部与对照小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种中国春相比有明显的重组信号,初步推断CH5383染色体3BL端部可能有中间偃麦草DNA片段插入。用135对PLUG(PCR-based landmark unique gene)标记对CH5383、中国春和多个近缘物种进行扩增分析,发现位于3B染色体长臂端部的引物TNAC1383,能在CH5383和中间偃麦草中扩增出大约1 300 bp的特异DNA产物。从而进一步证实,CH5383是一个小麦-中间偃麦草小片段渗入系,携带抗条锈病基因的外源中间偃麦草DNA渗入片段位于3B染色体端部0.81-1.00区段。CH5383可以作为优异的小麦抗病育种新种质加以利用。     

植物基因组原位杂交中部分技术问题的探讨

本文就植物基因组原位杂交中出现的无杂交信号，杂交信号过多（杂交背景重）或过少，染色体丢失及杂交污点产生的原因进行了初步分析，并提出了一些解决的方法。     

巴西橡胶树第9染色体的显微分离及微克隆文库的构建

橡胶是我国的重要的战略物资,深入研究橡胶树基因组具有重要意义。本实验以巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)热研7-33-97幼叶为材料,采用酶解去壁低渗法制片,玻璃针显微分离法成功分离出橡胶树单染色体。单染色体经蛋白酶消化、Sau3A核酸内切酶酶切和两轮LA-PCR(接头连接PCR)扩增。得到250~2000bp之间的DNA片段,通过Southernblot对单染色体产物进行验证,结果表明扩增片段与巴西橡胶树基因组DNA之间有同源性。从而说明单染色体DNA已被成功的扩增。采用荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence insitu hybridization,FISH)验证分离出的是第9号染色体,构建了橡胶树第9号染色体微克隆文库。克隆片段长度在300~1200bp,平均为650bp左右,文库包含48000个克隆,空载率为1%。本研究从巴西橡胶树单染色体入手,运用单染色体微分离、微克隆技术,构建了巴西橡胶树单染色微克隆文库,为橡胶树基因组研究提供了新的思路与方法,为更好地开展橡胶树分子辅助育种提供技术方法。     

巴西橡胶树4个环锌指蛋白基因（HbRZF）的物理定位

本文利用原位PCR技术和荧光原位杂交技术,对巴西橡胶树4个环锌指蛋白基因（HbRZF）在染色体的位置进行了物理定位分析。结果表明：用原位PCR技术检测到的HbRZF1和HbRZF3扩增信号分别定位于巴西橡胶热研7-33-97品种的第6号和第5号染色体长臂上,信号距着丝粒平均百分距离分别是45.76±3.18和66.33±0.75,信号检出率分别为28.79%和36.70%。用荧光原位杂交技术检测到的HbRZF2和HbRZF4探针信号分别位于第3号和7号染色体长臂上,信号距着丝粒平均百分距离分别为22.25±1.02和40.64±1.44,两种信号同时检出的机率为12.18%。本研究还对这些基因与其他定位的基因之间的连锁关系进行了讨论。     

干制羊肉基因组DNA不同提取方法的比较

为了研究干制加工羊肉基因组DNA的最佳提取方法,本试验采用传统酚-氯仿法、磁珠法、改良CTAB法、离心柱法分别提取干制处理后的羊肉基因组DNA,并对4种方法提取的羊肉基因组DNA浓度、纯度、完整性以及提取所需时间、PCR扩增效果等进行比较。结果表明,采用磁珠法提取DNA的效果更好,DNA浓度为118.87 ng·μL^-1,A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀值为1.89,而且此方法具有提取时间短、效率高、污染小等特点。本研究结果为干制加工羊肉基因组DNA的大批量提取和检测提供了参考依据。     

甘蓝S位点受体激酶基因（SRK）编码区的甲基化分析

克隆了位于自交不亲和型甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)S位点受体激酶基因(SRK)上第一编码区中包含两个CCGG位点的目的片段,通过甲基化敏感限制性内切酶-PCR法,利用对甲基化敏感性不同的Msp Ⅰ和HpaⅡ分别对柱头乳突和花药基因组DNA及其PCR产物进行交叉组合式的酶切与电泳,首次对SRK基因编码区的特定DNA区段进行了甲基化分析.使用相同的SRK基因特异性引物时,柱头乳突和花药基因组DNA作为模板均可以扩增出清晰目标谱带,且目标谱带经Msp Ⅰ/Hpa Ⅱ完全酶切后可产生预期的谱带类型;而经Msp Ⅰ/Hpa Ⅱ完全酶切后的此二基因组DNA再作为模板进行PCR,均无特异性的目标谱带扩出.这些结果初步表明,自交不亲和型甘蓝花粉的SRK基因可能不存在甲基化封闭.     

受辐照窄颖赖草花粉DNA进入小麦胚囊的电镜自显影证据及杂种原位杂交鉴定

采用3H 胸腺嘧啶标记窄颖赖草 (Leymusangustus)花粉结合电镜自显影的方法证明受辐照窄颖赖草花粉DNA进入了小麦胚囊 ,运用基因组原位杂交技术证明所得杂种为真杂种 ,经辐照花粉获得的普通小麦J 1 1与窄颖赖草杂种中窄颖赖草染色体发生了数目和结构变异     

蔺草基因组DNA提取方法的比较研究

以16个蔺草品种实生苗和4个蔺草品种组培苗为材料,探讨了CTAB改良法与DNA试剂盒法对蔺草基因组DNA提取质量的影响。结果发现,对于同一品种而言,CTAB改良法提取获得的DNA A260nm和OD值远低于试剂盒提取法,前者的DNA浓度仅为0.65~4.90μg/ml,而后者则为5.10~32.80μg/ml,后者为前者的1.6~21.2倍。这表明试剂盒提取法更适合于蔺草基因组DNA的提取。试验还发现提取材料对基因组DNA的质量有显著影响,蔺草组培苗优于实生苗。     

油菜毛状体发育相关基因GLABRA2启动子的克隆与功能验证

GLABRA2(GL2)基因在拟南芥毛状体发育中具有重要作用.实验利用基因组步移巢式PCR的方法,通过两次步移克隆得到一个油菜(Brassica napus)GL2基因启动子序列,序列分析发现它与拟南芥GL2启动子同源性较差,但有一些共同的顺式作用元件如MYB结合位点、G box等,也有油菜GL2基因所特有的应答元件如E-box.将其中具有启动子的基本特征的序列GP1与GUS报告基因融合构建重组载体pBI121-GP1,转化拟南芥(Arabidopsis).用卡那霉素筛选得到10株阳性苗.在T2代转基因株系中有6个株系的绿苗与黄花苗的比例都接近3:1,推定T-DNA是以单拷贝的形式插入拟南芥基因组DNA.GUS组织化学染色表明,GP1调控下报告基因主要在子叶、真叶的表皮毛以及根部的幼嫩组织中表达,与拟南芥GL2基因启动子表达模式基本一致,但也有明显不同:油菜GL2启动子GP1只在表皮毛发育早期强烈表达,而拟南芥GL2启动子调控表皮毛发育的整个过程.     

Simultaneous extraction and quantitation of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols in Brassica vegetables

Brassica oleracea vegetables, such as broccoli (B. oleracea L. var. italica) and cauliflower (B. oleracea L. var. botrytis), are known to contain bioactive compounds associated with health, including three classes of photosynthetic lipid-soluble compounds: carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols. Carotenoids and chlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments. Tocopherols have vitamin E activity. Due to genetic and environmental variables, the amounts present in vegetables are not constant. To aid breeders in the development of Brassica cultivars with higher provitamin A and vitamin E contents and antioxidant activity, a more efficient method was developed to quantitate carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols in the edible portions of broccoli and cauliflower. The novel UPLC method separated five carotenoids, two chlorophylls, and two tocopherols in a single 30 min run, reducing the run time by half compared to previously published protocols. The objective of the study was to develop a faster, more effective extraction and quantitation methodology to screen large populations of Brassica germplasm, thus aiding breeders in producing superior vegetables with enhanced phytonutrient profiles.     

Colonization and growth promotion characteristics of Enterobacter sp. and Herbaspirillum sp. on Brassica oleracea

We investigated the effects of inoculating a dicot plant, Brassica oleracea , with nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria isolated from monocots. The bacteria used were Enterobacter sp. strain 35 isolated from sugarcane and Herbaspirillum sp. strain B501 isolated from wild rice. Under glasshouse conditions, B. oleracea inoculated with strain 35 had a significantly greater fresh weight than uninoculated plants, and the fresh weight of plants inoculated with strain B501 tended to be higher than that of uninoculated plants. We conducted a laboratory-scale experiment to confirm the above results and to investigate the colonization and nitrogen-fixing abilities of these bacteria. Plants inoculated with Enterobacter sp. strain 35-1, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled strain derived from strain 35, had larger bacterial populations and greater acetylene reduction activity than those inoculated with Herbaspirillum sp. strain B501 gfp 1. Strain 35-1 colonized the intercellular spaces and the junctions of the lateral roots with the parent root. The results indicated that isolates from monocots can successfully colonize B. oleracea (a dicot) and promote plant growth.     

Protein from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) seeds with antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer activities

A 30 kDa antifungal protein was purified from red cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ) seeds. It exhibited a molecular mass and N-terminal amino acid sequence disinct from those of previously isolated Brassica antifungal proteins. The protocol used entailed ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose and SP-Sepharose followed by fast protein liquid chromatography on Mono S. The protein hindered mycelial growth in Mycosphaerella arachidicola (with an IC50=5 μM), Setospaeria turcica, and Bipolaris maydis. It also inhibited the yeast Candida albicans with an IC50=96 μM. It exerted its antifungal action by permeabilizing the fungal membrane as evidenced by staining with Sytox green. The antifungal activity was stable from pH 3 to 11 and from 0 to 65 °C. It manifested antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IC50=53 μM). Furthermore, after 48 h of culture, it suppressed proliferation of nasopharyngeal cancer and hepatoma cells with IC50=50 and 90 μM, respectively.     

猪粪厌氧、有氧发酵物氮源对甘蓝生长及土壤养分的影响

探讨了在等氮量供应下,猪粪厌氧发酵物(沼液)及有氧发酵物(堆肥)氮源对甘蓝生长及土壤养分的影响,结果表明:在等氮量供应的情况下,施用猪粪沼液不仅可以替代化肥为作物提供生长所必需的氮素,而且提高了养分的利用效率,对甘蓝的增产效果显著;而施用猪粪堆肥处理的甘蓝产量较低,但是施用猪粪堆肥可以提高土壤有机质和土壤p H值,减少施用化肥带来的土壤酸化危害;在等氮量供应的情况下,单施猪粪堆肥处理的土壤有效磷、速效钾含量最高。     

普通白菜PGIP基因BcPGIP分子特征研究

根据甘蓝型油菜多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白(PGIP)基因PGIP3的全长序列设计引物,从普通白菜核隐性不育两用系‘Bajh97-01A/B'可育株中成功克隆了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白基因BcPGIP,对其DNA和cDNA全长序列进行分析,结果表明,该基因包含2个外显子和1个内含子,最大开放阅读框为996bp,编码331个氨基酸,共有10个LRR(Leucine-rich repeat,高氨酸富集)重复序列。将BcPGIP与其他植物的49个PGIPs蛋白进行同源序列比对后,发现PGIP蛋白特征序列非常保守。由重建的进化树可知,该基因与十字花科芸薹属的甘蓝型油菜的同源性最高。通过实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,BcPGIP基因可能与花粉的发育相关。     

Effect of differential N and S competition in inter- and sole cropping of Brassica species and lettuce on glucosinolate concentration

Field and greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential to use intercropping as an alternative method to increase glucosinolates in Brassicas by manipulating nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) balance by intercropping with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata). In both experiments, four combinations of N and S fertilization were used. In the field experiment no effect of intercropping on the total glucosinolate concentration was found as the growing lettuce was strongly inhibited by the presence of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italic). In contrast to this, in the pot experiment both total and individual glucosinolate concentrations in red leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.) increased by intercropping. Fertilization treatments influenced glucosinolate concentrations in both experiments, and an interaction between N and S fertilization was noticed.     

甘蓝SRK激酶结构域编码区分子特性及其与THL1相互作用检测

以甘蓝‘E1’为材料，采用PCR和RT-PCR技术，扩增SRK激酶结构域（记为SRKE1）编码区DNA和cDNA序列，得到片段长度分别为1711bp和1241bp，序列分析表明该序列由五个内含子和六个外显子组成，编码407个氨基酸；构建了SRKE1原核表达质粒pET43.1-SRKE1和真核表达质粒pPIC9K-SRKE1，分别在表达宿主菌大肠杆菌BL21和毕赤酵母GS115中进行表达。用我们表达的THL1与SRKE1孵育，结果显示SRKE1可与THL1结合并形成稳定的复合体。     

甘蓝花粉特异表达的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因BoMF9的克隆与特征分析

根据白菜花粉特异的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因BcMF9的全长序列设计引物，通过PCR直接扩增的方法从结球甘蓝（Brassica. oleracea var. capitata）和芥蓝（B. oleracea var. alboglabra）中克隆得到BcMF9的同源基因BoMF9（BoMF9c和BoMF9l）。生物信息学分析和系统树构建发现BoMF9c和BoMF9l具有花粉特异表达的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因的序列特征。不同组织的表达特征分析发现它们分别在结球甘蓝和芥蓝的花蕾中特异表达。推测BoMF9c和BoMF9l可能在花粉萌发和花粉管伸长中起作用。     

甘蓝型油菜及近缘种中异质型ACCase亚基accd编码基因的克隆及序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法,以甘蓝型油菜、甘蓝、芥菜型油菜和白菜型油菜的幼嫩叶片cDNA为模板对异质型乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACCase）的β-CT亚基（羧基转移酶）的accd编码基因进行扩增,得到长度分别为1470bp、1470bp、1464bp和1464bp的编码序列,分别可编码490、490、488和488个氨基酸的蛋白质。序列分析表明,来自4个油菜近缘种的accd基因高度同源,编码的蛋白质都具有相似的锌指结构和C-末端5个相同的基元,其中基元I（GSMGSVVG）和基元II（PLIIVCASGGARMQE）在所有植物及大肠杆菌的β-CT亚基中普遍存在。Southern杂交显示该基因在甘蓝型油菜及其近缘种的基因组中呈单拷贝。