共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 115 毫秒
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氮素形态及pH值交互作用对甜菜产量和含糖率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用3因素5水平二次旋转回归设计,以Hoagland营养液为基础,以pH、硝态氮(NO3--N)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)为处理因子进行水培试验,建立了多因子复合处理对甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)品种甜研7号块根产量和含糖率影响的回归模型,并分析了各因子的主效应和互作效应。结果表明:在本试验条件下,影响甜菜块根产量和含糖率的单因子主效应大小均为NO3--N>pH>NH4+-N;pH在6.2~7.0范围内,对产量和含糖率的影响表现为正效应,在7.0~7.8之间,表现为负效应;NO3--N(0~16mmol.L-1)对产量表现正效应,而对含糖率则为负效应;在0~8.0mmol.L-1范围内,NH4+-N对产量影响为正效应,在8.0~16.0mmol.L-1之间为负效应,0~16mmol.L-1对含糖率影响为负效应。NO3--N与NH4+-N的互作对产量、pH与NO3--N的互作对含糖率的影响均达显著水平。模拟寻优结果表明,介质环境pH在6.5~7.5范围内,适当调节NO3--N和NH4+-N比例,可获得较高的甜菜块根产糖量,总N为16.0mmol.L-1、NO3--N:NH4+-N为16∶0时及N为19.2mmol.L-1、NO3--N∶NH4+-N为5∶1时产糖量最佳。 相似文献
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盐碱胁迫对甜菜氮代谢相关酶活性及产量和含糖率的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用KWS0143和ACERO为试验材料,比较盐碱(碳酸钠)胁迫对2个甜菜品种氮代谢关键酶活性及产量和含糖率的影响,旨在进一步明确甜菜对盐碱胁迫的适应性。通过桶栽试验,设5个处理,分别是碳酸钠占土壤质量百分比0、0.5%、1%、1.5%和2%,对应的土壤溶液p H值分别为7.14、8.92、9.45、10.19、10.56。研究盐碱胁迫对甜菜叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)活性及产量和含糖率的影响。结果表明,盐碱胁迫使甜菜叶片的硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)及谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)活性均下降,且随着盐碱胁迫程度的增大,下降幅度增大。两品种比较,ACERO的酶活性高于KWS0143,且ACREO的块根产量和含糖率下降的幅度低于KWS0143,ACREO比KWS0143具有较强的耐盐碱能力。该研究为进一步提高盐碱胁迫下甜菜对氮素的吸收利用效率理论依据。 相似文献
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为探究生物降解地膜对塔额盆地甜菜产量及含糖率的影响,于2021—2022年在塔额盆地开展2种地膜应用效果试验,以甜菜专用生物降解地膜(BD)和普通聚乙烯地膜(PE)为处理,以露播(CK)为对照,分析不同地膜对土壤温度、土壤含水量、甜菜产量以及含糖率的影响。结果表明,BD和PE处理较CK具有明显的增温保墒作用,3个处理下土壤温度和土壤含水量均表现为PE>BD>CK;BD处理产量、含糖率、产糖量均最高,较PE处理显著提高5.62%、7.91%、15.83%,较CK显著提高19.85%、9.96%、33.96%;BD处理2年当季地膜降解率可达到75.23%和78.43%,可显著减少白色污染。综上所述,在塔额盆地,生物降解地膜在甜菜生长的前期能保持良好的完整性,具有较好的增温保墒效果,同时生物降解地膜可以显著提高甜菜产量、含糖率和产糖量,能够提高收益,建议大面积推广应用。 相似文献
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叶面喷施硫酸镁锌硼对甜菜农艺性状和经济性状的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
新疆阿勒泰地区由于常年种植喜硼、镁、锌作物如甜菜、玉米、油葵等,土壤含硼、锌、镁元素极度不均,耕层(0~20cm)有效硼含量为0.02~6.75mg/kg,平均0.54mg/kg,有效锌含量为0.22—2.0mg/kg,平均0.65mg/kg,代换性镁含量为0%~0.0354%,平均0.011%。目前土壤严重缺硼面积占50.75%,严重缺锌面积占62.59%,严重缺镁面积占42.1%,特别是甜菜种植区缺硼、镁、锌现象较为普遍,已经导致产量和品质的下降, 相似文献
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采用双丰16(偏丰产型)和甜单1号(偏高糖型)两个甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)品种作为试材,在5个氮素水平(0、60、120、180和240 kg.hm-2)下,研究甜菜功能叶片与块根中谷氨酸合成酶(glutamate syn-thase,GOGAT)在生育进程中的活性变化动态及其与块根产量、含糖率和产糖量的关系。结果表明:在不同氮素水平下,两个品种功能叶片和块根的GOGAT活性均呈双峰曲线变化,两峰值分别出现在6月下旬和8月下旬,其中,功能叶GOGAT前一峰值高于后一峰值;块根GOGAT则与之相反。在不同氮素水平下,功能叶片GOGAT活性表现为N180>N120>N240>N60>N0,块根GOGAT表现为N120>N180>N240>N60>N0。GOGAT的活性与块根产量及含糖率关系紧密,块根产量随GOGAT活性的增加而提高,但是GOGAT活性过高反而降低了块根含糖率,进而导致甜菜产糖量的降低。 相似文献
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叶面营养对黄瓜生物效应的影响 总被引:21,自引:1,他引:21
采用盆栽和田间大棚小区试验,研究了施用不同叶面营养组分对黄瓜的养分吸收分配和叶片光合生理及果实产量与品质的影响。结果表明:(1)P、N、K三要素可被黄瓜(苗期)叶片快速吸收并显著提高其在体内的含量,天然植物生长活性物质具有促进黄瓜N、P、K养分,尤其是N、K的吸收功效。特别是当它与营养元素配合施用时,这种促进作用最为明显。(2)叶面施用适当浓度的该活性物质或硫酸铵或KH2PO4均有显著提高黄瓜处理叶绿素及其光合速率的作用。从总体上讲,三者的作用效果相当,其中活性物质的作用速度较快,但持续时间稍短。叶面施肥后48小时与72小时,不同处理间的叶片光合速率与叶绿素含量差异分别达到最大,一直到108小时,仍维持较稳定的显著差异。说明叶面营养对作物的光合作用的影响主要发生在施肥三天(72小时)以后。(3)叶面肥不同组分配施均能增加黄瓜的生物量与果实产量,提高果实蛋白质、Vc、可溶性糖的含量,降低脂合纤维的含量,而果实酸度则基本不受叶面施肥的影响。(4)在不同叶面营养处理中,无论是促进叶片光合作用还是提高果实产量与改善品质,均是营养元素与该种物质的合理团合达到最理想的效果,两者呈现极其显著的正交互作用。 相似文献
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红花光温指数对其生育期及产量的影响研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
试验研究“新红花 1号”和“新红花 2号”光温指数对其生育期及产量的影响结果表明 ,出苗~分枝日数与光温指数呈负相关 ,与生育期呈正相关。生育期与光温指数、密度呈反相关。产量与光温指数密切相关 ,光温指数为 14 0~ 150时相对产量为 90 %以上。光温指数与出苗日期呈良好正相关 ,最佳出苗日期为 4月 6~ 2 7日 ,种植密度为 16.5万株 /hm2 时其相应生育期 10 8~ 12 5d ,种植密度为 3 0万株 /hm2 时则生育期为 93~ 110d。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):2738-2750
Black spruce (Picea mariana) trees have needles that persist for a number of years, and it is not clear which age class should be evaluated for photosynthesis to best understand physiological responses. Moreover, the impact of sampling current versus older foliage is rarely acknowledged in published literature, even though it may influence the interpretation of results. We compared the photosynthesis rate of current and 1-year-old foliage of black spruce natural regeneration during three growing seasons. The photosynthesis rate was consistently greater for 1-year-old needles compared to current-year needles at the beginning of each growing season; however, after about 1 month, rates were similar between the two age classes. This same pattern was repeated every season and was independent of light availability induced by different harvesting treatments. We suggest that photosynthesis measurements of black spruce should be performed on 1-year-old needles instead of current-year foliage to ensure more uniform photosynthesis values throughout the season. 相似文献
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Jagriti Thakur J. C. Sharma Mohit Promod Verma 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(16):2174-2188
ABSTRACT In the scheduling of nutrient supply programs, analysis of plant nutrient status has been found to be useful to prevent the deficiency or toxic effects of nutrients in any horticultural crop. So the present study was framed to assess the foliage nutrient content and vegetative growth under different irrigation and fertigation combination modules. Recently apple (Malus ×domestica) orchards in the state Himachal Pradesh of India have converted from the traditional royal delicious orchard at 6 × 6 m spacing with rainfed/basin irrigation to early spur varieties on dwarfing rootstock with drip irrigation, both with or without fertigation. An experimental field trial was started at the end of 2018 in a ‘Super Chief’/MM106 orchard at an experimental farm of the department of Soil Science & Water Management, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). A factorial experiment with 16 treatment combinations of 4 irrigation levels viz. I1 – drip irrigation at 100% ETc, I2 – drip irrigation at 80% ETc, I3 – drip irrigation at 60% ETc, I4 – conventional irrigation, and four fertigation levels viz. F0 – No fertilizer application (absolute control), F1 – 100% of AD (NPK), F2 – 75% of AD (NPK) and F3 – 50% of AD (NPK) were replicated thrice with 3 plants in each replication. Vegetative growth parameters and leaf nutrient contents were affected by both fertilization and water rate. Irrigation and nutrient levels and their interactions exhibited significant effect on leaf N (3.10%), P (0.28%), K (1.77%), and S (0.44%) contents. Significantly maximum contents were observed in the irrigation level I1 (DI at 100% ETc). Among fertigation level, F1 [100% AD (NPK)] recorded highest contents of leaf N (3.17%), P (0.29%), K (1.80%), S (0.46%). Interaction I1F1 registered maximum leaf N (3.36%), P (0.36%), K (1.92%) and S (0.63%). With an increase in the water volume and an increasing dose of NPK, vegetative growth parameters, i.e., tree height, plant spread, tree volume, trunk girth, and annual extension growth were noted to increase proportionately. Treatment DI at 100% ETc (I1), increased the tree height by 9.41, plant spread (EW by 32.0, NS by 16.3), tree volume by 61.36, trunk girth by 8.05, and annual extension growth by 14.22% over conventional irrigation (I4). Drip fertigated trees with F1 [100% AD (NPK)] reported the highest growth parameters. The results of two years apple trial suggested a positive effect of fertigation on enhanced effectiveness of fertilization and improved foliage nutrient content and vegetative growth. 相似文献
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采用叶面淋施的盆栽试验方法,以我国菠萝主栽品种-巴厘为试材,研究不同形态氮素对盆栽菠萝营养生长和菠萝叶片黄化的影响,为菠萝氮肥合理施用提供参考。试验结果表明,叶面淋施硝态氮处理的菠萝根、茎叶生物量显著低于叶面淋施铵态氮、酰胺态氮,黄叶数显著高于叶面淋施铵态氮、酰胺态氮。与铵态氮相比,硝态氮处理的菠萝总叶数、根数目、根重、茎叶重分别减少18.7%、26.5%、49.7%、43.5%,黄叶数增加192.7%。叶面淋施硝态氮抑制菠萝营养生长主要机理是硝态氮提高了土壤p H值,减少了铁吸收,降低菠萝叶片中全铁、活性铁、叶绿素含量(与铵态氮相比,分别减少25.9%、66.9%、23.2%)。 相似文献
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长期不合理耕作导致土壤结构性能恶化、土壤耕性变差,限制作物根系下扎、影响土壤生产潜力发挥。为了改善土壤耕层构造,该试验采用自主研发的改土机械ES-210型深松犁和前置式心土(亚表层)耕作犁进行深耕,以灭茬旋耕(常规耕作)为对照,进行大区耕作对比试验。结果表明:1)深松、亚表层耕作处理与对照相比,耕层土壤固相率分别降低1.6%~3.3%、2.8%~4.5%,液相、汽相相对增加,三相比更趋于合理化;打破犁底层,降低耕层土壤硬度,其中20~35 cm土层效果更为明显;耕层土壤有效水含量上升1.1%~1.2%、0.9%,束缚水(无效水)含量下降0.4%~1.1%、0.5%~0.9%。2)深松、亚表层耕作处理比对照根长增长,其中甜菜增长5.1%、2.9%,大豆增长11.5%、13.2%;干物质积累量增加,其中甜菜增加2.3%~4.1%、3.1%~4.8%,大豆增加7.8%~10.0%、10.4%~13.6%;3)深松、亚表层耕作处理与对照相比,其中甜菜增产8.5%、12.6%;大豆增产5.0%、6.1%;深松及亚表层耕作改土处理分别比对照增收1003.3、1454.4元/hm2,其中收益大小为亚表层耕作处理深松处理对照。可见,采用ES-210深松犁及心土耕作犁深耕改土,改变了土壤耕层构造,起到扩库增容的效果;改善了作物根系生长环境,提高了作物产量,为今后农业耕作机械的发展提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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M. Khayyat S. Rajaee M. Shayesteh A. Sajadinia F. Moradinezhad 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1605-1611
Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) plants cv. ‘Selva’ were grown in soilless culture under greenhouse conditions to investigate the effectiveness of potassium nitrate (KNO3) alone or accompanied with chilling treatments on vegetative growth of plants. Treatments included: 1) control plants, which did not receive treatment with any material (C2, C3, and C4) and/or chilling (C1): [C]; 2) plants, treated only with 1.5% KNO3 (A1) or accompanied with chilling (A2, A3, and A4): [A] and 3) plants treated with 3% KNO3 (B1) or accompanied with chilling (B2, B3, and B4): [B]. These treatments were applied continuously for four weeks. In each week, chilling hours increased. The highest and lowest leaf area resulted from the A1 and A4 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest chlorophyll content were obtained by the C3 and C1 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest petiole lengths resulted from the B4 and A2 treatments, respectively. The highest and lowest pedicel lengths were obtained with the B1 and C3 plants, respectively. These results showed that KNO3 influences the growth rate of strawberry plants. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):573-577
Abstract A potassium specific‐ion electrode equiped with a “sensing module” was compared with atomic absorption for potassium determination in plant tissue. The potentiometric readings were stable and reproducible, and were of the same order of magnitude as those obtained by atomic absorption. The correletion coefficient obtained between the two analytical methods were highly significant; but it was higher for corn leaves, sugarbeet leaf‐blades and petioles respectively. 相似文献
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Methods currently in use for total chlorophyll analysis of plant tissue were reviewed. Storage of leaf tissue before analysis, filtration methods during analysis and extract longevity were investigated. The final procedure includes the use of leaf area cores and extraction with 100% acetone with results reported by area and oven dry weight. A simple and precise composite method was adopted. 相似文献