落叶松水曲柳纯林与混交林根际土壤中养分浓度的变化

在落叶松水曲柳纯林与混交林中,采集林地土和根际土,测定了氮、磷、钾浓度,目的是探讨养分条件变化在混交林增产上的作用。结果表明:混交林林地土全氮浓度和水解氮浓度与水曲柳纯林相近,但要高于落叶松纯林。水曲柳在混交林中根际土全氮和水解氮浓度与纯林中的相近,而落叶松在混交林中根际土水解氮浓度明显高于纯林中的。混交林林地土全磷和全钾浓度与两个树种的纯林相差不大。混交林林地土有效磷、有效钾浓度均高于水曲柳纯林,而且水曲柳在混交林中根际土的有效磷和有效钾浓度与纯林中的相比明显增加,分别高出44.1%~79.6%和13.5%~25.6%。这说明水曲柳在混交林中磷和钾的利用状况得到了改善。表2参15。     

红心杉根际土壤与非根际土壤养分差异研究

对江西省南昌市湾里区红心杉林根际土壤与非根际土壤养分差异进行研究。结果表明:不同年龄的红心杉林分,其根际土壤与非根际土壤的养分均存在差异,林分年龄与土壤类型的交互效应均极显著。pH和有效磷、有机质含量在林分年龄和土壤类型间都存在极显著差异;碱解氮、全氮、速效钾含量在林分年龄间存在极显著差异,在土壤类型间无显著差异;全磷含量在林分年龄间存在极显著差异,在土壤类型间存在显著差异。红心杉非根际土壤的养分在20、40年生的变化很小,而根际土壤的全氮、全磷、速效钾含量差异仍然明显。     

胡桃楸、落叶松纯林及其混交林下叶凋落物分解与养分归还的比较研究

用分解袋法研究了胡桃楸、落叶松纯林及其混交林下叶凋落物的分解及养分归还速率,结果表明3种林分叶凋落物分解速率大小为胡桃楸纯林>混交林>落叶松纯林。如排除微生物侵入等的影响,胡桃楸纯林叶凋落物归还N的速率最快,落叶松纯林叶凋落物归还P、K的速率最快;二者组成混交林后,混交林叶凋落物归还N的速率较落叶松纯林明显提高,而归还P、K的速率较胡桃楸纯林明显提高。胡桃楸与落叶松混交后叶凋落物养分归还速率较其各自纯林的要高,这可能是混交林增产机制之一。     

秦岭山区飞播纯林与混交林下土壤养分状况分析

通过对秦岭山区飞播油松纯林和油松、槲栎混交林下养分状况的分析，结果表明：尽管纯林和混交林都有富积养分的效应，但两者对养分的影响是不同的，混交林在对有机质、全氮、速效氮的影响上优于纯林，相反纯林对土壤磷素的影响较大。在0～20cm土层中，混交林下土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷的含量与纯林下各养分含量的相对差值分别为89．9％、42．9％、128．1％、7．3％、-44．7％。由于混交林能积累较多的有机质，所以混交林比纯林更有利于改善土壤肥力。     

秦岭山区油松纯林与松栎混交林下土壤养分状况分析

对秦岭山区油松纯林与松栎混交林下土壤养分状况进行研究,结果表明:纯林与混交林都有富积养分的效应,但两者对养分的影响有明显差异。混交林在土壤表层、根际及土壤剖面上土壤的有机质、全氮、速效氮含量明显高于纯林,而速效磷的含量低于油松纯林。在0~20cm土层,土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷的含量,混交林比纯林分别增加83.8%、40.6%、127.6%、7.3%、44.4%。由于混交林能积累较多的有机质,因而更有利于改善土壤肥力。     

胡桃楸落叶松人工混交林土壤化学性质的研究

该文对东北东部山区33a生落叶松纯林与胡桃楸和落叶松混交林下土壤的化学因子进行了外业调查与室内分析。结果表明。除K素外，有机质、全量N、水解性N混交林各层次都较纯林高．且底层差异较上层明显。阳离子代换量和微量元素含量，混交林比纯林也有很大程度的提高。在诸化学因子中，对混交林土壤是主导作用的是全量N、盐浸PH值和速效P；对纯林起主导作用的是全量N、水解性N和有机质。     

胡桃楸落叶松人工混交林土壤化学性质的研究

该文对东北东部山区３３ａ生落叶松纯林与胡桃楸和落叶混交林下土壤的化学因子进行了外业调查与室内分析。结果表明，除Ｋ素外，有机质、全量Ｎ、水解性Ｎ混交林各层次都较纯林高，且底层差异较上层明显，阳离子代换量和微量元素含量，混交林比纯林也有很大程度的提高。在诸化学因子中，对混交林土壤起主导作用的是全量Ｎ、盐浸ＰＨ值和速效Ｐ；对要起主导作用的是全量Ｎ、水解性Ｎ和有机质。     

毛竹鞭根根际与非根际土壤养分含量特征

以毛竹鞭根根际和非根际土壤为研究对象,研究不同生长期竹鞭根际与非根际土壤养分含量。结果表明:毛竹鞭根根际土壤p H值、水解氮、速效钾、有效磷含量明显高于非根际土壤,其中p H值平均提高0.82、水解氮含量平均提高111.63 mg/kg、有效磷含量平均提高0.57 mg/kg、速效钾含量平均提高92.33 mg/kg;毛竹鞭根根际与非根际土壤有效锌、有效铜、有效硼含量差异不显著。毛竹鞭根根际土壤水解氮和速效钾含量在不同生长期存在显著差异,表现为在行鞭期较高,在孕笋期和出笋期偏低。     

巨尾桉根际与非根际土壤酶活性的研究

揭示了巨尾桉根际与非根际土壤酶活性及土壤化学性质的差异，探讨了巨尾桉生长对酶活性的影响，讨论了根际土壤养分亏缺与富集及桉树生产力下降等问题。     

NUTRIENT CYCLING IN THE DAHURIAN LARCH PLANTATION ECOSYSTEM

TllcbiologicalcycIingofnutricntclc-lllcntslntl1cccosystclnisthecyclingbctweentllcplantconununityandsoilwitl1intheccosys-tclll(Ot/ington,l986).ltformsol1ebranchofbiogQochcn1icalcyclesandislnarkedwitl1higl1spccdal1dil1tcl1sit}'.Biologicalcyclcofnutri-cntclenlcntsiscorrelatedwithforestproduc-tit'it3'closcly-tbeabsorptionandutilizatio11ofthe11utricntelemcntsoftheplantareillflu-cnccddircctl3'orindirectlybykindsofenvi-ronn1cntallbctorsandsomephysiologicalandlllatcrialproducingprocessareattectcd.Sot…     

Variations of fine root diameter with root order in Manchurian ash and Dahurian larch plantations

Fine root lifespan and turnover play an important role in carbon allocation and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Fine roots are typically defined as less than 1 or 2 mm in diameter. However, when categorizing roots by this diameter size, the position of an individual root on the complex lateral branching pattern has often been ignored, and our knowledge about relationships between branching order and root function thus remains limited. More recently, studies on root survivals found that longevity was remarkably different in the same branching level due to diameter variations. The objectives of this study were: (1) To examine variations of fine root diameter from the first-to fifth-orders in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr and Larix gmelinii Rupr roots; and (2) To reveal how the season, soil nutrient, and water availability affect root diameter in different branch order in two species. This study was conducted at Maoershan Forest Research Station (45°21′–45°25′N, 127°30′–127°34′E) owned by Northeast Forestry University in Harbin, northeast China. Both F. mandshurica and L. gmelinii were planted in 1986. In each plantation, fine roots of two species by sampling up to five fine root branch orders three times during the 2003 growing season from two soil depths (i.e., 0–10 and 10–20 cm) were obtained. The results showed that average diameters of fine roots were significantly different among the five branch orders. The first-order had the thinner roots and the fifth order had the thickest roots, the diameter increasing regularly with the ascending branch orders in both species. If the diameter of fine roots was defined as being smaller than 0.5 mm, the first three orders of F. mandshurica roots and the first two orders of L. gmelinii roots would be included in the fine root population. The diameter ranges of the fine roots from first-order to fifth-order were 0.15–0.58, 0.18–0.70, 0.26–1.05, 0.36–1.43, and 0.71–2.96 mm for F. mandshurica, and 0.17–0.76, 0.23–1.02, 0.26–1.10, 0.38–1.77, and 0.84–2.80 mm for L. gmelinii. The average coefficient of variation in first-order roots was less than 10%, second-and third-order was 10–20%, and fourth-and fifth-order was 20–30%. Thus, variation in root diameter also increased with the ascending root order. These results suggest that “fine roots”, which are traditionally defined as an arbitrary diameter class (i.e., <2 mm in diameter) may be too large a size class when compared with the finest roots. The finest roots have much shorter lifespan than larger diameter roots; however, the larger roots are still considered a component of the fine root system. Differences in the lifespan between root diameter and root order affect estimates of root turnover. Therefore, based on this study, it has been concluded that both diameter and branch order should be considered in the estimation of root lifespan and turnover. __________ Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(6): 871–877 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

Growth and yield models for Dahurian larch plantations

IntroductionDahurianlarch(L8risgmeliniiRupr.)isoneofthemostimportanttimberspeciesinChina.AsaresuItofovercuttingforseveraIdecades,thenaturaIDahurianIarchforestresourcesaredecliningrapidly.PIantationsofdahurianIarchhavebecomeanimportantpartofforestpreserveresourcesinDaxing'anMountains.ConsequentIystudyingthegroWthofDahurianlarchandformingtheforesttabfesareofsignrficancetofor-estproduction.ThispaperpresentsinformationongroWthandyieIdmodeIsofDahurianlarchpIantations.MethodsDataof4O5stema…     

杉木纯林、混交林土壤微生物特性和土壤养分的比较研究

本文于2005年5月份,在中国科学院会同森林生态实验站选择了一块15年生的杉木纯林和两块15年生杉阔混交林作为研究对象,调查了林地土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、硝态氮、有效磷和土壤微生物碳、氮、磷、基础呼吸以及呼吸熵,比较了纯林和混交林土壤微生物特性和土壤养分.结果表明,杉阔混交林的土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷硝态氮和有效磷含量高于杉木纯林;在混交林中,土壤微生物学特性得到改善.在0(10 cm和10(20 cm两层土壤中,杉阔混交林土壤微生物氮含量分别比杉木纯林高69%和61%.在0(10 cm土层,杉阔混交林土壤微生物碳、磷和基础呼吸分别比杉木纯林高11%、14%和4%;在10(20 cm土层,分别高6%、3%和3%.但是,杉阔混交林土壤微生物碳:氮比和呼吸熵较杉木纯林低34%和4%.另外,土壤微生物与土壤养分的相关性高于土壤呼吸、微生物碳:氮比和呼吸熵与土壤养分的相关性.由此可知,在针叶纯林中引入阔叶树后,土壤肥力得以改善,并有利于退化森林土壤的恢复.     

抚顺地区落叶松人工林有害生物种类发生状态及防控技术

大面积发展的落叶松人工纯林已占抚顺市森林面积的29.4%,为落叶松有害生物提供了丰富的营养源。林内生物多样性单一,造成落叶松有害生物灾害频发,严重影响了落叶松的健康生长和森林环境的稳定。据调查,抚顺地区落叶松有害生物多达34种,其中虫害19种、病害10种、鼠害3种、鸟害2种。该文总结了抚顺地区落叶松有害生物的发生情况和危害特点,并提出了有效防控措施及今后治理方向。     

Features of soil enzyme activities and the number of microorganisms in plantations and their relationships with soil nutrients in the Qinling Mountains, China

We studied the distribution of soil nutrients, the number of soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activities, and their relationships in pure and mixed plantations. Soil enzyme activities, the number of soil microorganisms, and soil nutrients were measured in plantations of Chinese pine (Pinustabulaeformis), larch (Larix kaempferi), sharp tooth oak (Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata), Manchurian catalpa (Catalpa fargesii), and mixed plantations in the Qinling Mountains, China. Compared with pure plantations, the conifer-broad-leaved broadleaf mixed plantations increased total N, available N, total P, available K, and organic matter in the forest soil; promoted the activities of invertase and urease by 16.7% and 53.8%; and increased the total amount of soil microorganisms by 95.9% and the number of bacteria by 104.5% (p<0.05). The correlations between soil enzymes, number of microorganisms, and soil nutrients were significant (p<0.05), and the correlations between the number of soil bacteria and basic nutrient prosperities (total N, available N, available K, and organic matter (OM)) were significant or highly significant. The correlations between the number of soil actinomycetes, and soil total N, available N, OM, and pH were also significant or highly significant. A suitable mixture of planted conifers and broad-leaved species improves the quality and amount of soil nutrients, increases the number of soil microorganisms and changes their redistribution. The change of soil enzymes and the number of soil microorganisms are indications of the change tendency of soil nutrients. __________ Translated from Journal of Northwest A&F University (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 2008, 36(10): 88–94 [译自: 西北农林科技大学学报]     

辽东地区落叶松人工林连作对立地质量的影响

采用解析木导向曲线法编制了辽东地区日本落叶松地位指数表。在此基础上，对落叶松地拉指数与立地因子及落叶松栽植代数的关系进行了分析，认为不同栽植代数对落叶松人工森地位指数影响差异显，落叶松连作造成立地质量下降。     

Dynamics of soil nutrients in larch plantations

IntroductionThesoildegradationofaFtificialforestisthecoreofresearchforplantationtostabilityandafforestationinChina.lnrecentyears,studiesonsoilfertiIityofplantationshavegradua[Iyincreased.forChinesefir,massonpine,popIar,Iarch,etc.Manyspecificmeas-ureshavebeenputfotwardtomaintainthesoilfertil-ityIevelinaFtificialforest(Pan1997,Yan1997lYan1996).owingtovariabilityofsoilfertilityinplantation,ithasmanydifficuItiestostudythesoiIfertility.Forexample,thesoiIsampIeplothastobemovedhori-zontalIyino…     

Nutrient cycling and distribution in different-aged plantations of Chinese fir in southern China

The distribution in tree biomass and understorey vegetation and annual biological and geochemical cycling of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were measured in young, middle-aged and mature plantations (8-, 14- and 24-years old) of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) in southern China. Although >98% of nutrients occurred in the soil, soil nutrient content decreased with plantation age. Nutrient outputs from the soil exceeded inputs in stands of all ages but the net soil nutrient loss increased significantly for N, P and Ca with plantation age. Comparison of nutrient fluxes showed that the smallest (and hence limiting for nutrient cycling) fluxes were litter decomposition in the young plantation in contrast to canopy fluxes (apart from for Mg) in the middle-aged and mature plantations. Nutrient use efficiency, release of nutrients from litter decomposition and nutrient return, particularly in litterfall, increased significantly with plantation age. These results suggest that, as stand age increases, nutrient cycling in Chinese fir plantations is increasingly dominated by biological processes and becomes less dependent on external nutrient sources in rainfall and the soil. It therefore appears that prolonging the rotation length of Chinese fir plantations by approximately 5 years could be beneficial for maintaining the soil nutrient status for successive plantings.