鸭催乳素基因内含子1单核苷酸多态性分析

研究通过PCR-SSCP和测序的方法检测我国8个地方鸭种共476个个体的PRL基因内含子1的单核苷酸多态性,分析不同群体的等位基因频率和基因型频率并对其遗传特性进行统计分析。结果表明:所检测的8个地方鸭种均呈现多态,比较测序结果发现,多态性是由位于PRL基因内含子1一个核苷酸碱基由A到C的突变造成的。除连城白鸭以外,其他各群体中等位基因A为优势等位基因。除连城白鸭和绍兴鸭外,其他各群体在该位点的基因频率均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05)。     

鸡Mx基因2032位点单核苷酸多态性研究

研究采用错配PCR-RFLP的方法对15个品种鸡的Mx基因进行筛查,旨在探索不同鸡品种MxcDNA第2032位点抗病基因A与易感等位基因G的多态性,为生产转基因鸡的可行性提供理论基础。结果表明:15个鸡品种Mx基因的2032位点存在A、G2个等位基因,AA、AG、GG3种基因型,其中鹿苑鸡、狼山鸡、斗鸡未发现AA型个体,茶花鸡、红色原鸡未发现GG个体;携带Mx抗性基因A和易感基因G的比例分别是0.350、0.650;抗性等位基因A的检测比例为0.034~0.984。红色原鸡的抗性等位基因A基因频率(0.984)高于地方鸡种的抗性等位基因A的基因频率(0.321);地方鸡种中的观赏型、蛋肉兼用型、肉用型、蛋用型鸡种的抗性等位基因A的基因频率分别为0.221、0.297、0.425、0.462。χ2适合性检验表明,15个品种的鸡群均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。     

鸡Nramp1基因第9外显子的单核苷酸序列多态性分析

以文昌鸡、安卡鸡及藏鸡为试验动物,利用PCR-SSCP方法检测Nramp1基因部分区域的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)。结果发现,该区域存在2个突变,分别为C315G、C357T;共出现4种基因型,分别为GG、GT、TT及AA型,在文昌鸡和藏鸡群体内,T为优势等位基因,而安卡鸡中G为优势等位基因。3个群体该座位均处于哈代-温伯格平衡(PO.05),且3个群体间基因型分布无显著差异(P0.05)。     

鸡Nramp1基因多态性与部分免疫指标相关性分析

随机选取同期孵化出雏的中国地方鸡种如皋鸡和引进隐性白羽鸡72只和55只,测定部分免疫性状。利用PCR-SSCP技术检测如皋鸡和隐性白羽鸡Nramp1基因第9外显子的多态性,并对不同基因型与免疫性状进行相关分析。结果表明:如皋鸡与隐性白羽鸡H/L、淋巴细胞转化率和IgM含量均差异显著(P<0.05)。如皋鸡AA型的H/L显著低于BB型和AB型(P<0.05),而AA型的淋巴细胞转化率和IgM含量显著高于BB型(P<0.05)。隐性白羽鸡各基因型对免疫指标的影响与如皋鸡的趋势相同。该研究结果初步显示,如皋鸡的综合免疫性能优于隐性白羽鸡,AA基因型的综合免疫性能优于AB型和BB型。     

4个品种鸡Toll样受体4基因第2内含子的多态性分析

本研究采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序的方法检测了4个品种鸡(仙居鸡、白耳鸡、清远麻鸡和安卡鸡)Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)基因第2内含子的单核苷酸多态性。结果表明,4个品种鸡TLR4基因的第2内含子上均发现了G1894C的突变,共产生了AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,4个品种鸡该位点的多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.570、0.597、0.583和0.588,均属于高度多态性,且处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05);4个品种鸡G1894C多态位点的基因型在感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性组和阴性组间的分布差异均不显著(P>0.05);G1894C多态位点在仙居鸡与白耳鸡2个品种间基因型分布差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

京海黄鸡IGFBP-3基因外显子1和内含子1部分序列多态性及其与生长繁殖性状的相关性

以京海黄鸡母鸡为材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术对JGFBP-3基因外显子1及内含子1部分序列多态位点进行研究,并计算基因型频率、基因频率、卡方值和部分遗传多态性指标.结果表明,在外显子1上没有检测到多态位点,在内含子1上检测到1个多态位点,该位点为中度多态,在160 bp处发生T到G的突变,导致BB、AB型的56日龄体重显著大于AA型(P<0.05),AA型的11月产蛋数显著大于BB、AB型(P<0.05).由此初步推断,内含子1对产蛋及生长发育很可能有一定的促进作用,A为产蛋的优势基因,B为体重的优势基因.     

单核苷酸多态性及其检测方法

单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)是指一些物种正常个体的基因组DNA中单碱基对位置存在序列的变异(等位基因),是最新发展起来的第3代遗传标记,在遗传育种、基因作图、基因定位等方面具有广泛的作用.作者简要介绍了SNP的特点、各种检测方法及其在寄生虫学领域的应用.     

单核苷酸多态性及其应用

单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs）是一种新的分子标记，是指基因组由于单个核苷酸的变异所产生的差异。由于其多态性高，便于自动操作等特点，在基因组、后基因组时代具有广泛的应用前景。本文对SNPs的概念、特点、分析方法及应用等方面做了简要的概述。     

基因组单核苷酸多态性图谱构建方法研究进展

自人类基因组计划（HGP）开展以来,现代生物学上相继实施了一系列重大的工程项目,第三代遗传图谱的构建和相关的研究工作仍在继续,而单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）在其中发挥着重要作用。面对征服人类疾病和生物学本身研究的迫切需要,基因组SNP图谱的构建方法不断得到完善和提高,作者从池DNA技术、物理学方法和生物信息学方法3个方面对其作出阐述。     

鸡lmbr1基因外显子16的SNP检测和单倍型分析

外显子16是鸡lmbr1基因最大的外显子,本研究进行了该外显子在丝羽乌骨鸡和白洛克肉鸡间的SNP检测和单倍型分析。研究表明,鸡lmbr1外显子16的PCR-SSCP基因型在两个品种间的分布存在明显差异,测序从24个个体中检测到4个变异位点,其中T32C变异在两个品种间存在明显差异,丝羽乌骨鸡均含有32T(纯合的TT或杂合的TC),白洛克肉鸡在T32C位点都为纯合的CC;单倍型分析从24个个体中检测到5种单倍型,丝羽乌骨鸡和白洛克肉鸡的单倍型存在明显的差异,hap1和hap2是丝羽乌骨鸡的特异性单倍型,hap5是白洛克肉鸡的特异性单倍型,hap3和hap4主要存在于白洛克肉鸡中,在丝羽乌骨鸡中的比例极少。     

Polymerase chain reaction detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the chicken mitochondrial D-loop region

The D‐loop region in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sequenced and compared among six chickens. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were observed. For six of the SNP sites, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers that had each base (A, C, G and T) as the penultimate base at the 3′ end (N2 base) and bases specific to both alleles at the 3′ end were produced to type the polymorphisms. Twenty‐one out of 96 primers succeeded in distinguishing the SNP by the presence or absence of PCR product. This method provides an easy way to discriminate SNP in chicken mtDNA.     

Association of bovine KISS1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with reproductive traits in Indian Cattle

Kisspeptins, a family of neuropeptide encoded by the Kiss1 gene, have emerged as crucial regulator of fertility and reproduction by regulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. The present study was aimed to identify and associate SNPs in the KISS1 gene with reproductive traits in cattle of Indian origin. DNA samples collected from 300 individual cows of three Indian dairy breeds (Gir, Kankrej and Frieswal) of cattle were used in the study. The SNPs of KISS1 gene were identified with PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis using two sets of primer pairs. A total of 5 SNPs were identified in the targeted region of which, two were selected for screening the population and association studies. The analysis revealed that genotypes of rs442633552G>A and rs42022871C>T had a significant association with dry period. The SNP rs42022871C>T also established significant role in milk production traits, and selection of TT-genotyped animals will improve the reproduction and production potential of the animals.     

鸡AMPD1基因PCR-SSCP分析与相关性状的研究

5′-磷酸腺苷脱氨酶1(AMPD1)是嘌呤代谢中的一种重要酶类,它的功能是催化AMP(一磷酸腺苷)脱氨,生成肌苷酸(IMP),从而影响肉质风味。试验采用单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)技术,以隐性白羽肉鸡、白来航蛋鸡和两个地方品种(北京油鸡、三黄胡须鸡)纯系鸡为试验材料,对AMPD1基因进行SNPs检测和基因类型判别。卡方检验结果表明: 除三黄胡须鸡和隐性白羽肉鸡、北京油鸡和白来航鸡间差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其他各品种间差异极显著(P<0.01)。AMPD1基因多态性与北京油鸡生产和屠体性状(活重、胸肌率、肌苷酸含量等)相关分析结果表明:肌苷酸含量在三种基因型间差异显著(P<0.05)。初步推断AMPD1可能为影响鸡肉中肌苷酸生成的主效基因或与主效基因相连锁。     

鸡MAOA基因外显子6的SNP分析

研究采用PCR-SSCP方法分析了吐鲁番斗鸡和新罗曼鸡单胺氧化酶A基因外显子6部分序列的多态性。结果表明：吐鲁番斗鸡单胺氧化酶A基因外显子6存在1个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点T-102C,产生AA、AB两种基因型;新罗曼鸡未检测到多态,只表现AA一种基因型。χ^2适合性检验结果表明：2个鸡种均处于Hardy—weinberg平衡状态（P〉0．05）,说明吐鲁番斗鸡单胺氧化酶A基因外显子6位点基因型频率的分布与新罗曼鸡差异极显著（P〈0．01）。     

Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms within exon 1 of the canine mu-opioid receptor gene

Objective  To determine the presence and frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within exon 1 of the canine mu-opioid receptor (MOR) gene.
Study design  Prospective genetic analysis.
Animals  Seventy-five dogs of various breeds.
Methods  DNA was isolated from dog blood. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify exon 1 of the canine MOR gene using primers derived from a published sequence. PCR products of anticipated size were identified by gel electrophoresis, isolated and sequenced.
Results  Two SNPs were found within the examined region. One is 15 base pairs (bp) upstream (C-15A) of the protein-coding portion of the gene. The second is at position 207 (C207T); a synonymous mutation predicting unaltered protein sequence. The overall prevalence of the C-15A SNP was 43% (64/150 alleles). The overall prevalence of the C207T SNP was 26% (39/150 alleles).
Conclusions and clinical relevance  Absence of haplotypes containing both an adenosine at position −15 and a thymine at position 207 suggests that these polymorphisms occurred independently from each other. How these SNPs influence variations in responses seen after opioid administration to dogs remain to be determined, however, our data indicates the C-15A SNP may play a role in opioid dysphoria.     

Study on association of single nucleotide polymorphism of CAPN1 gene with muscle fibre and carcass traits in quality chicken populations

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of the calpain 1 (CAPN1) gene on carcass and meat quality traits in eight meat-type chicken populations, including five pure lines (developed from Chinese local breeds) and three cross-breeds. Primer pairs for the Coding Sequence (CDS) region in CAPN1 were designed from the chicken genomic sequence database. Polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequencing. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; C2546T, G3535A and C7198A) were detected among individuals in each population. The associations of their haplotypes (H1 = CGA, H2 = CGC, H3 = CAA, H4 = CAC, H5 = TGA and H7 = TAA) with chicken breast muscle fibre and carcass traits were analysed. Results showed that the haplotypes were associated with live weight (LW), carcass weight (CW), breast muscle weight (BMW) and leg muscle weight (LMW) (p < 0.05), and were also related to eviscerated percentage (%EP) and breast muscle fibre density (p < 0.01). H1H3 haplotype was dominant for LW, CW and BMW; H1H5 haplotype was dominant for EP; H3H4 haplotype was dominant for LMW and H1H1 haplotype was dominant for BFD. It was concluded that the CAPN1 gene may be a major gene affecting meat quality traits of chicken or it is linked with the major gene. H1H3, H1H5 and H3H4 were the most advantageous haplotypes for carcass traits whereas H1H1 was the positive haplotype for breast muscle fibre trait.