青海省海南州土壤-牧草-家畜系统微量元素的季节性盈缺分析

于2004年4月、7月和10月采取实地采样和实验室分析相结合的方法对青海省海南州土壤、牧草和家畜系统,进行微量元素(铜、钼、锰、锌和硒)盈缺分析,表明该地区秋季牧草中铜浓度为3.77±2.15 mg/kg,冬春季绵羊被毛中铜浓度为1.94±0.35mg/kg,低于健康绵羊被毛中铜浓度3.68±0.74mg/kg;钼在土壤和血清中的含量较为充足,但被毛中钼的含量在三个季节分别为0.03mg/kg、0.05mg/kg和0.03mg/kg,均低于正常值(0.16mg/kg)。锰和锌在土壤、牧草和畜体中含量均在正常范围内,表明该体系中锰和锌不缺乏。土壤硒含量为0.061mg/kg~0.120mg/kg,低于土壤缺硒的临界值(0.5mg/kg),属于缺硒区,冬春季、夏季和秋季牧草中硒处于一般缺乏状态(全年平均为0.03mg/kg),血清和被毛中硒的浓度均低于正常水平,也处于缺乏状态。     

青海海南州土-草-畜系统中钼、硒的季节变化研究

结果表明:土壤和牧草中钼浓度秋季最高;血清中钼浓度的季节间差异不显著(P＞0.05),秋季最高,夏季最低;被毛中钼浓度夏季极显著高于冬春季和秋季(P＜0.01);日摄入量夏季极显著高于秋季(P＜0.01),秋季极显著高于冬春季(P＜0.01).土壤和被毛中硒浓度在三季间差异不显著(P＞0.05);牧草硒夏季最高;绵羊血清硒冬春季显著低于秋季(P＜0.05);被毛中硒在季节间差异不显著(P＞0.05);硒的日摄入量夏季极显著高于秋季(P＜0.01),秋季极显著高于冬春季(P＜0.01).     

青海河卡牧场硒的季节变化及盈缺分析

试验研究了青海共和盆地河卡牧场夏、冬两季牧草草地系统(水、土壤、牧草、绵羊)中硒的含量变化.结果表明,河卡牧场夏季土壤和牧草严重缺硒,绵羊血浆中硒浓度低于临界水平,夏冬两季绵羊被毛中硒含量低于毛硒含量临界值.     

青海三角城种羊场草场硒的季节变化及其盈缺分析

经过对青海省三角城种羊场夏(6月中旬)、秋(9月中旬)、冬(12月中旬)三季的水、土壤、牧草、绵羊被毛、血液、组织器官及粪中硒的含量进行调查分析,结果表明,三角城种羊场夏季土壤和牧草严重缺硒;绵羊血浆硒浓度全年均属正常;肝硒浓度低于临界水平;粪硒浓度冬季低于0.1mg/kgDM的正常值;被毛硒则在夏秋两季稍高,冬季严重缺乏,仅为0.012 mg/kg,极显著的低于羊毛缺硒值0.079 mg/kg(P<0.01).     

高寒草地放牧系统钼的季节变化及盈缺分析

对青海省三角城种羊场高寒草地夏(6月中旬)、秋(9月中旬)、冬(12月中旬)三季的水、土壤、牧草以及绵羊被毛、肝脏、粪中钼含量进行了调查采样分析.结果表明,土壤中钼除夏季与我国正常水平(0.17mg/kg)一致外,秋冬两季均较低;牧草中的钼为夏季>秋季>冬季,但均低于正常水平(1.00mg/kg);绵羊被毛中钼夏季高于正常值,而秋冬两季严重缺乏且与三季绵羊肝钼状况一致,都表现出与牧草相同的季节变化规律,即夏季>秋季>冬季.因此,青海三角城种羊场绵羊处于低钼的生态环境与营养状况.     

内蒙古锡林浩特地区土壤-牧草-家畜系统中Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Mg、Se六种元素含量的分析

对内蒙古锡林浩特地区土壤，牧草，家畜（羊）被毛中6种元素含量进行了测定。结果表明：土壤硒含量于缺乏的临界水平；尖草，羊草及针草中锌含量低于羊正常生长对锌的需求数量，兔毛草及羊草中的硒的含量很低，不能满足其正常生长需要，被毛中硒含量低于临界值，提示羊群缺硒。     

土壤—牧草—家畜系统中六种元素含量的分析

对西藏环拉萨地区土壤，牧草，家畜（羊）被毛中六种元素含量进行了测定，结果表明，土壤及牧草中硒含量处于缺乏的临界水平，被毛中硒含量低于临界值，提示羊群缺硒。     

青海湖滨草甸草场土-草-畜生态系统中铜的季节性变化研究

通过现场调查、实地采样和实验室分析相结合的方法,对青海湖滨草甸草场土-草-畜(绵羊)生态系统中微量元素铜的季节性变化进行了研究.结果表明:土壤铜处于适宜水平.牧草中铜浓度在冬春季和夏季正常,可维持牧草的正常生长,而秋季缺乏,但冬春季和秋季牧草中的铜含量不能满足机体需要,导致绵羊对铜的日摄入量不足;三季节的血铜浓度较正常,而被毛铜在冬春季有缺乏的迹象.     

拉萨河谷冬春季放牧与舍饲彭波半细毛羊牧草、血液及被毛矿物质含量

为分析拉萨河谷冬春季放牧与舍饲彭波半细毛羊采食牧草、血液及被毛中主要矿物质元素的含量,试验选用1.5岁左右彭波半细毛羊母羊60只,随机分为放牧组(GZ)和舍饲组(IF)进行试验。结果表明:试验所用牧草矿物质元素,除钼外其他元素含量均为绿麦草>冬季天然牧草。冬季天然牧草磷、镁、硫、铜、锰、锌和硒及绿麦草镁含量低于正常范围。(2)舍饲组血清钙(P=0.026)、硫(P=0.030)、铜(P=0.011)和钼(P=0.014)含量高于放牧组,镁(P=0.090)、铁(P=0.071)、锌(P=0.083)和碘(P=0.066)含量有增高的趋势;其被毛钙(P=0.003)、磷(P=0.006)、镁(P<0.001)、铁(P=0.022)、锰(P<0.001)和碘(P=0.012)含量均高于后者,铜含量有增高的趋势(P=0.068)。在血液和被毛中,放牧组血清铜、锰及被毛铜、锰和硒含量及舍饲组血锰及被毛锰、硒含量均低于推荐值。以上结果表明,拉萨河谷冬春季放牧彭波半细毛羊钙、铁、钼和碘充足,但磷、镁、硫、铜、锰、锌和硒缺乏或不足;舍饲(以谷物为主的精补料+绿麦草干草)能有效解决磷、镁、硫、铜、锌和硒的缺乏问题,但锰仍需补充。     

青海省环湖地区绵羊11种矿物元素营养状况的调查研究报告

对青海省环湖地区绵羊１１种矿物元素营养状况的调查研究结果表明：（１）该地区绵羊处于低锌、低锰和高钼的营养状况;（２）夏季的唾液钠／钾比低于１０∶１,表明处于低钠营养状况;（３）血浆镁浓度较低,但仍明显高于低血镁的临界值;（４）血浆铜和锌浓度在夏季或秋季出现峰值,血浆钼浓度在夏季和冬季出现两次峰值;（５）牧草铜和锌含量较低,牧草和土壤锰含量明显低于常值,而钼含量超过正常范围。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.