An Elastic Steady State Security Region with Stochastic and Fuzzy Loads

Load uncertainty in power system is regarded as stochastic variable or fuzzy number in this paper. The concept of possibility-probability consistency is used to transform fuzzy number to stochastic variable. And the concept of confidence nitervals is used to calculate steadystate security regions under various load confidence levels. So,steady-state security regions are elastic. At last,a compunctional result about IEEE-30 system is given.     

THE ECONOMIC DISPATCH OF REAL POWER WITH SECURITY

This paper presents an approach to studing the economic dispatch of real power with N-1 security with the network flow programming (NFP), the N-1 line - security constraints are first introduced into the network f olw model and the problem of N-1 security economic dispatch becomes an incremental metwork flow model. Therefore, the shortage of NFP is mitigated to some extent, The solution adopted is the "out-of-kilter"algorithm(OKA), which is characterized by fast calculation and reliable convergency. The model and solution are tested on IEEE 30-bus system, and the results show that the proposed approach is feasible.     

Information security system of digital enterprise and itsimplementation scheme

The general framework and security demands of digital enterprises are analyzed. The information security system is constructed, which includes physical security, network security, support layer system security, application layer system security, data and documents security. Aiming at the security of internal information security such as data and documents, a comprehensive solution including identity authentication, centralized equipments control, document security management, document encryption, and security audit are put forward. Based on the above information security system, an implementation scheme for typical digital enterprise is proposed.     

REAL POWER ECONOMIC RE-DISPATCH WITH SECURITY CONSTRAINS OF POWER SYSTEM

This paper reports on application of network flow programming to the real power economic redispatch with security constraints. For the contingency state which violates the line security constraints , the re-dispatching is performed by eliminating the curtailment of real loads. The network flow model is incremental, and is solved by OKA. Therefore, it is very simple, fast and accurate. The model and its solution algorithm are tested on JEEE 30 bus system and the encouraging results are obtained.     

土地资源生态安全研究综述

土地资源生态安全已经成为当前土地资源可持续利用研究关注的热点问题,笔者在归纳了生态安全概念与特征的基础上,进一步阐述了土地资源生态安全的内涵、驱动因素、评价框架与方法。指出土地资源生态安全主要包括两个方面：一是土地生态系统的结构功能处于健康和平衡的状态;二是能够为人类社会可持续发展提供稳定、均衡、充足的供给。这一状态的实现,需要自然、经济、社会三大驱动因素共同推进,协调发展,其中,经济因素和社会因素对土地资源的影响远远超过自然因素。在评价框架方面,阐述了PSR、DPSIR、DPSER、“自然-经济-社会”4种体系的来源及应用。关于评价的方法,笔者分别对数学模型法、生态模型法、景观生态模型法、数字地面模型法4类方法的优缺点进行了概括总结,并提出了近年来一些新兴的评价方法。最后,笔者对土地资源生态安全研究趋势进行了展望：（1）以生态功能区划为基础,制定具有针对性、体现差异性的土地资源生态安全评价指标体系,并确定生态安全阈值;（2）注重开展干旱区、风沙区、喀斯特地区、水土流失地区、高原山区等典型区域的土地资源生态安全格局研究与未来状况的动态预警研究;（3）在评价方法上加强地理信息技术相结合;（4）探索新的评价方法,以便更好把控土地资源生态安全状况,实现土地资源的永续利用。     

平原区土地生态安全评价——以延津县为例

健康的土地生态系统是人类健康和经济发展的决定性因素。随着人类对土地的利用强度和范围日益增大,在尊重生态规律的基础上,对区域土地生态安全性进行评价显得尤为重要。本研究以平原区的延津县为例,基于P-S-R概念框架模型,建立了包含17项指标的区域土地资源生态安全评价指标体系。运用层次分析原理和土地生态安全模型对该区2006-2008年的土地生态综合安全值进行计算。研究表明,制约平原区土地生态安全的主要因素有：环保支出占GDP的比重、农药使用量、耕地面积比重和人口密度等;2006-2008年延津县区域土地生态状况处于敏感级,且逐年好转。最后,提出改善平原区土地生态安全的建议。     

AUTOMATIC CONTINGENCY SELECTION AND RANKING BY NETWORK PROGRAMMING APPROACH

This paper presents a new approach ,to the automatic contingency selection and ranking by the network flow programming (NFP). A complex cost optimisation model based on economy and security, and several simplified models are proposed in the paper. The performance index is the total load curtailment or its weighted value. All the solution algorithms are OKA. The model and its algorithm is tested on IEEE 30-Bus System and the encouraging results are obtained.     

中国耕地资源安全问题及其对策研究

耕地资源作为农业最主要的生产资料和农民最直接的劳动对象,是构成粮食综合生产能力的最基本要素之一和实现中国粮食安全的基础和保证。在研究中国耕地资源的数量安全、质量安全和生态安全现状的基础上,提出了保护和提高中国耕地资源安全的4个对策建议。     

吉林省西部生态安全态势与土地利用的耦合分析

依据人类与生态环境系统的相互作用,建立了压力-反馈-调控的概念模型,并基于GIS和RS,采用栅格运算的方法,运用复合模型对吉林省西部2000年生态环境安全态势进行了研究。结果表明：吉林省西部大部分地区处于安全状况,且东部安全状况好于西部,预警状况及不安全状况的区域集中分布在中部和西部。十个县市中,绝对安全状态比例极小,安全状态区域所占比例最大的县是乾安,最小的是大安。预警状态区域所占比例最大的是洮南,已达到了县域面积的43.08%,最小的是乾安,仅占1.56%。通榆、镇赉和大安处于不安全状态区域的面积已达到了10%以上,是吉林省西部生态环境需要重点治理的区域。吉林省2000年生态安全态势与土地利用的耦合分析表明,以农为主的区域是农牧交错带中相对稳定的区域,以牧为主的区域受到的破坏程度最大,农牧相当的区域属于最脆弱的地区。虽然根据Constanz的生态价值理论,草地的生态价值比较高,但由于研究区草地多属于低覆盖度,当受到外界干扰较大时,系统就表现得极不稳定。     

A preventive control model for static voltage stability considering the power constraints of weak branches

The voltage instability of power system often occurs when the active power on one or more weak branches exceeds its transfer capability. A preventive control model for static voltage stability is proposed using the active power transfer capability of weak branches as static voltage stability constraints. A local line based voltage stability index is used to determine the critical contingencies, weak branches and transfer capability of each weak branch. A static security analysis method, which is based on DC power flow equations, is used to establish the non linear active power flow expressions on weak branches following each critical contingency. The active power constraints on weak branches can be obtained from the active power flow expressions and transfer capabilities of weak branches. A quadratic optimal model for preventive control including the proposed active power constraints on weak branches is presented. The simulation results for IEEEE14 bus system and IEEE118 bus system demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed preventive control model.     

基于熵权法的中国玉米产业系统安全度的模糊估算与分析

为了对中国玉米产业安全进行动态评价与变化趋势分析,采用基于熵权法和模糊综合评价法建立玉米产业系统安全综合评价模型,利用历史及预测数据对1999—2017 年玉米系统安全度进行估算,据此对中国玉米产业系统安全状态进行总体评价。结果表明：近年来中国玉米产业安全形势不容乐观,2007—2017 年中国玉米产业的安全状态波动加剧,玉米及其副产品进口量大幅增加,进口依赖性增强,国际资本对中国玉米产业股权控制加强则是影响玉米安全的主要因素。据此提出积极应对玉米产业外资进入、降低玉米进口国别依存度、努力掌握玉米贸易定价权等对策。     

基于PSR模型的兰州都市农业生态安全动态评价

为评估发展都市农业对区域生态环境的影响,调控农业生态系统结构与功能健康运转,对都市农业生态安全动态进行分析,基于PSR模型建立由4个层次24个指标构成的评价体系,分析1989—2009年兰州都市农业生态安全动态变化过程及影响因素,实现典型生态脆弱区都市农业综合生态安全的系统识别与预警。结果表明：1989年兰州都市农业生态安全为较不安全（II级）水平,1999年为临界安全（III级）,2009年为较安全（IV级）。20年间综合安全指数增长46.7%,生态安全呈逐渐改善趋势。1989—2009年响应安全指数动态度最大为31.50%。对兰州都市农业综合生态安全有显著影响的指标为：第一产业产值、社会消费品零售总额、人均耕地面积、第二产业产值和农民纯收入。1989—2009年兰州都市农业生态安全格局变化,主要由耕地面积的转移引起。该实证研究为动态评价生态脆弱区都市农业生态安全等级,构建生态安全格局及预警体系提供了有效途径,生态安全动态分析可为监测和改善都市农业可持续发展提供依据。     

基于PSR模型的珠三角都市农业生态安全综合评价

随着工业化、城镇化和现代化建设进程的加快,城市资源环境约束力不断加大,都市农业生态安全值得关注。报告在PSR模型的基础上构建了珠三角都市农业生态安全评价指标体系,运用综合指数法、熵值法和障碍度模型,对珠三角地区都市农业生态安全进行综合评价和相关障碍因素分析。结果表明：2006-2015年珠三角都市农业生态安全形势逐步好转;深圳和中山市的都市农业生态压力较大,东莞市的都市农业生态状态较差,肇庆和江门市的都市农业生态响应较弱;城镇化率、人均耕地面积等指标是当前影响珠三角都市生态安全的主要障碍因素。珠三角地区应大力加强耕地资源保护,继续推进城市生态环境和农业面源污染治理,从而保证都市农业生态安全的稳定发展。     

植物保护对粮食安全的影响分析

概述了粮食安全概念的发展和演变,阐述了有害生物对粮食安全的种种危害,论述了植物保护对粮食安全的重大贡献,同时分析了以化学农药为主要防治手段的植物保护对粮食安全的各种负面影响,以及抗性转基因作物生产对粮食安全可能产生的危害,指出植物保护是影响粮食安全的重要因素。进而提出了实施可持续植保,促进粮食安全的应对之策。     

Web System Development Model Based on Access Security MVC

In order to reduce the inconvenience of maintainability and reusability of web application system based on MVC, which is brought by the code of access security and coupling tightly with other modules, A web system development model based on access security MVC is put forward. The main framework and running process are provided and the key techniques of this model are researched. The model is applied to the practical development of the network distribution management system.     

Trust management scheme based on community model for mobile Ad hoc networks

The security issues in mobile Ad hoc network, especially caused by inner malicious nodes are analyzed. By tracking the behavior of nodes, trust level of each node can be evaluated and managed; then actions of malicious nodes will be constrained and the security and reliability of entire network are enhanced. According to the features of Ad hoc. The scheme proposed in not only extends the conception of trust but also include the trust computation model and trust management mechanism. Simulation experiments show the novel scheme is more efficient than other trust schemes in traditional protocols.     

Distributed Generation of Shared RSA Keys in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad hoc NETworks(MANET) is a totally new concept in which mobile nodes are able to communicate together over wireless links in an independent manner,without needing any fixed physical infrastructure and centralized organizational/administrative infrastructure.However,the nature of ad hoc networks makes them very vulnerable to security threats.Generation and distribution of shared keys for CA(Certification Authority)is challenging in security solution based on distributed PKI/CA.Those solutions that have been proposed in the literature and some issues are discussed.This paper propose the solution of distributed generation of shared CA keys based on threshold RSA cryptosystems,with which the security and robustness of system is enhanced.     

农业生态系统安全性预警与预警系统的建立

分析农业生态系统面临的威胁，提出农业生态系统进行安全性预警必要性，探讨了预警指标、模型和预警类型的选择和及农业生态预警系统建立等研究状况。预警指标的选择主要考虑受人类直接或间接影响后而容易发生退化的因子,主要有土壤肥力质量指标和土壤环境质量指标等; 模型在生态安全预警研究中具有预测、解释和推断功能，在不同预警指标中将会采用不同的模型；预警的类型包括对农业生态系统恶化的程度和状态，趋势，速度等预警；WebGIS技术的运用为建立包括不同尺度和时间的预警，单项因子预警信息、子系统预警信息和系统总体预警提供了有力的技术支撑。     

典型黑土区耕地生态安全评价及阻力分析——以长春市为例

研究旨在针对黑土区耕地生态安全状况,以典型黑土区长春市为例,基于“压力-状态-响应”模型构建黑土区特有的耕地生态安全评价指标体系。釆用层次分析法和熵值法相结合的综合确权法及阻力度模型对长春市2005—2014年的耕地生态安全状况以及阻力因素进行分析。研究结果表明：（1）2005—2014年长春市耕地生态安全等级经历了“安全—临界安全—较安全—临界安全”的变化过程,呈波动下降的状态;（2）长春市耕地生态安全响应指数呈上升状态,压力指数和状态指数呈下降状态;（3）从单项阻力指标变化趋势上看,草地覆盖率、自然灾害受灾指数、农业财政支出比重、单位耕地面积化肥负荷等指标阻力度上升幅度较大;（4）长春市下辖县市耕地生态安全的空间分布方面,2005年长春市地区均处于安全和较安全状态;2008年安全区分布范围向长春市西部缩小,敏感区向长春市东部扩展;2011年除双阳区之外,长春市其他地区均处于安全状态。因此在耕地利用过程中应注重水土保持和化肥农药的科学利用,保护黑土区的耕地生态安全。