AB Intio Study on the Interaction between CH_4 and the Coal Surface

The atom cluster model of coal surface is proposed.Quantum chemical ab initio calculation with base set STO 4 31G indicates that the interaction between CH 4 and coal surface is anisotropy and the maximum interaction potential (or adsorption potential) is 2.65 kJ/mol,rotation potential barrier is 1.34 kJ/mol.These results have shown that the adsorption of methane on coal surface should be a physical process (that is,freezing on surface).     

壳聚糖锰配合物的吸附动力学

为了更好地发挥壳聚糖与锰本身独特的生物活性,将壳聚糖与锰盐反应,制备了壳聚糖锰配合 物。采用分光光度法测定了锰的含量,研究了壳聚糖对锰的吸附动力学行为。结果表明,在一定浓度 范围内,壳聚糖（CTS）对锰的吸附符合Langmuir 和Freundlich 等温吸附模型,pH=3.5 时吸附20 h 的饱和 吸附量为Qmax=3.099 g/g,吸附平衡常数K=120.4 L/g,吸附焓变ΔH=16.81 kJ/mol。在35℃时,壳聚糖对 锰的吸附符合吸附动力学一级反应方程,且求得吸附表观活化能Ea=29.08 kJ/mol,初始锰质量浓度为1 g/L 时,Langmuir 一级速率常数k 为0.396 h-1。试验为壳聚糖锰配合物的进一步应用研究工作,提供了一 些基础理论数据。     

苯唑草酮在土壤中的吸附行为研究

苯唑草酮是玉米田新型广谱苗后除草剂,为了评价苯唑草酮在土壤中的环境行为,采用振荡平衡法研究苯唑草酮在5 种土壤中的吸附特性,以及腐殖酸对苯唑草酮吸附影响。结果表明：苯唑草酮在5种土壤中的吸附规律符合Freundich 吸附等温方程,吸附系数分别为农安黑钙土9.44、永吉白浆土8.98、梨树黑土16.02、前郭苏打盐碱土7.83、柳河灰棕壤29.37。苯唑草酮在灰棕壤中为中等易吸附,在其余4种土壤中较难吸附。自由能绝对值ΔG变化小于40 kJ/mol,属于物理吸附。土壤对苯唑草酮的吸附性与有机质含量呈正相关,与阳离子交换量也表现出很好的相关性,与pH呈明显的负相关。腐殖酸吸附系数为177.40,说明腐殖酸对苯唑草酮有很强的吸附性。在黑土和盐碱土中添加腐殖酸后,吸附系数为17.98和9.80,说明腐殖酸对苯唑草酮在土壤中的吸附有一定的影响。     

菠萝皮渣水不溶性膳食纤维对油脂 胆固醇 胆酸钠及NO_2~-的吸附作用

主要研究了菠萝皮渣水不溶性膳食纤维对油脂、胆固醇、胆酸钠及NO2-的吸附作用。结果表明,菠萝皮渣水不溶性膳食纤维的膨胀力为3.25 mL/g,持水力为4.73 g/g;对花生油的吸附量为1.49 g/g,对猪油的吸附量为1.94 g/g;在中性环境下吸附胆固醇的能力比在酸性环境中的吸附能力大,pH值7时最大吸附量达33.35 mg/g,吸附平衡时间约90 min;对胆酸钠的吸附平衡时间约3 h,最大吸附量达到98.86 mg/g;对NO2-的吸附能力随着环境pH值的增大而降低,当pH值2时可在90 min内将溶液NO2-浓度从100μmol/L降至5μmol/L以下,最大吸附量可达9.94μmol/g。上述性质表明菠萝皮渣水不溶性膳食纤维是一种优质的膳食纤维资源。     

黑花生衣色素热降解稳定性的研究

在pH3.4和pH4.5条件下,对黑花生衣色素花色苷溶液的热降解进行了定量试验研究,结果表明,黑花生衣花色苷的热降解符合动力学一级反应规律。pH3.4条件下黑花生衣花色苷活化能Ea为84.146kJ/mol,比pH4.5条件下所需Ea（67.993kJ/mol）大。在低pH值条件下有利于黑花生衣花色苷的保存,降低温度能明显地延长黑花生衣色素的半衰期。     

A Numerical Simulation of Coalbed Methane Desorption and Diffusion Enhanced by Ultrasound Heating

We discuss the development of coal bed micro structure and the mechanism of enhancing the desorption/diffusion of coalbed methane by ultrasound. We present a mathematical model to describe the desorption/diffusion process of coalbed methane due to the ultrasound heating effect. Two cases of gas release with or without ultrasound fields in coal samples were simulated. We found that the temperature and the micropore diffusion coefficient of the system were improved by ultrasound transferred heat energy, while the dynamic fraction of free gas in pores was enhanced and the dynamic fraction of adsorbed gas was weakened.     

Experimental study on permeability rules of coal considering sorption and long-term stress

The paper studies the permeability rules of coal during methane sorption and long-term triaxial load by self-manufactured triaxial permeation apparatus. The experimental coal samples are excavated from Fuxin Stratum Coal seam of HengDa Coal Industry Co., Ltd in Fuxin city. The experiment results show that: the value of coal permeability considering methane adsorption is lower than that without methane adsorption, reducing by 48.94%~82.18%; slippage effect exists in coal after sorpting methane. Coal permeability has significant reduce by 82.05%~92.65% under 18 MPa total stress after 78 day, coal permeability variations with time can be described by negative exponential function. The value of permeability of coal sample is higher than that without stress release condition, but is lower than that under initial condition, which is loaded again after stress release. The value of coal permeability is higher than reservoir permeability under initial stratum condition by current experiment methods.     

Experimental analysis of coal bed methane desorption and seepage under sonic vibrating of cavitation water jets

A way to enhance coal bed methane desorption and seepage by sonic vibrating of cavitataion water jets is proposed because the gas coal seams have the intrinsic properties of micro-porosity, low permeability and high adsorption. The mechanisms of how the sonic vibrating effects promote methane desorption and seepage are analyzed, and the contrast experiments of methane desorption and seepage under sonic vibrating effects are also provided. The results show: when the cavitation number is 0.020 0, under sonic vibrating effects, the volume of coal bed methane desorption increases by 36.9%, and the time for coal bed methane desorption reduces by 19.6%. The speed of coal seams methane seepage is significantly increased by 35.3% and arrives at 0.383 3 ml/s.     

Pressure Sweep Adsorption Processes for the Concentration of Methane from Coal-bed Gas Extracted

The coal-bed gas was usually extracted from mine in order to avoid coal gas outburst.The Methane(CH4),a main component in coal-bed gas,is a kind of excellent gas fuel and raw material for chemical industry.China is very rich in the resource of coal bed gas,however,most of the coal bed gas extracted from mine is wasted because of the too low concentration of methane. Pressure sweep adsorption(PSA) technique is noticeable among the methods for the concentration of methane from coal-bed gas.However,there are a few studies about this field.Studies on the pressure sweep adsorption(PSA) process for the separation of CH4/N2 using actived carbon as adsorbent are summarized.The thermodynamic relationships and kinetic processes and the influence of the operate parameters on the concentration of methane are investigated.These results have a direct application in coal-bed gas.Some suggestions for the problems need to be solved in PSA process for the separation of methane are also proposed.     

生物质炭对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除效果的研究

为了寻找经济、有效的氨氮吸附材料,为物化处理技术在垃圾渗滤液上的运用提供一些实际参考的选择,以生物质炭（木炭）作为吸附材料进行吸附试验,研究木炭投加量、渗滤液初始pH值、吸附时间、氨氮浓度4个因数变化的条件下,木炭对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除率及其吸附动力学特征。结果表明：随着木炭用量的增加,木炭对氨氮的吸附量逐渐增大,木炭投加量为80~160 g/L时,渗滤液中氨氮的去除率达34.27%~39.41%。在最佳pH 10和最佳吸附时间240 min条件下,木炭对渗滤液中氨氮的去除率分别为24.21%、16.91%。木炭对垃圾渗滤液的氨氮有一定的去除效果,其吸附动力学特征符合伪二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程。     

甲基弯菌IMV3011的高密度培养条件优化

考察了铜离子浓度、甲醇浓度、甲烷传递体添加量以及甲醇和甲烷传递体共同加入,对甲基弯菌(Methylosinus trichosporium)IMV3011生长和甲烷的加氧酶(MMO)活性的影响。结果表明,IMV3011生长的最适铜浓度为30μmol/L,甲醇和甲烷传递体的最佳添加量分别为0.05%和2.50%。当铜离子浓度为30μmol/L,甲醇体积分数为0.05%,甲烷传递体添加量为2.5%时,IMV3011的生长条件最佳,MMO活性最高,为甲烷氧化菌及甲烷单加氧酶的工业应用奠定了基础。     

Exploration on the Principle of ECMB

ECMB, which is developed by Amoco company in USA, has very prospective. On the basis of the study on adsorption characteristics of mixture gas in coal, the principle of ECMB has been explored. The order of adsorption capacities of coal for several gases is: CO 2>CH 4>N 2>H 2 when coal adsorbs gas. In 2 member mixture gases, adsorption capacities of coal for mixed gases, methane and carbon dioxide tally with Langmuir equation, but not does for nitrogen and hydrogen. The substance of the increasing drawing ratio of coal seam gas by using ECBM is decreasing adsorption amount of methane in coal by emptying the other gas or gases into coal seam. N 2 is better gas than CO 2 in the process of using ECMB.     

矿粉粒度及反应温度对高磷鲕状赤铁矿制备碳化铁的影响

基于对50根弯曲破坏钢筋混凝土圆柱低周反复试验结果的分析,建立了完整滞回环的数学表达式并推导得出等效阻尼比计算模型;以双柱墩桥梁为例,说明了建立桥梁整体结构等效阻尼比与墩柱端部塑性铰等效阻尼比关系的方法。研究表明,完整滞回环数学表达式较好地反映了弯曲破坏钢筋混凝土圆柱的滞回特性,得到的等效阻尼比模型计算结果与试验结果符合较好;采用建立的桥梁整体结构等效阻尼比与墩柱端部塑性铰等效阻尼比的关系进行pushover分析更能反映实际情况。采用等效阻尼比模型算得的目标位移与基于Rosenblueth模型和Kowalsky模型算得的位移之间存在较大差距。     

啤酒废酵母吸附Cu~(2+)的特性研究

将啤酒废酵母制成一种新型的生物吸附剂,用于吸附重金属离子铜。研究了不同温度、时间、pH值,以及铜离子浓度和酵母浓度条件下,啤酒废酵母对Cu2+的吸附能力。初步确定了啤酒废酵母对Cu2+吸附的最佳组合,即吸附温度为35℃,吸附时间为55 min,起始pH值为5,酵母的质量浓度为1 g/L,Cu2+质量浓度为22 mg/L,在此条件下啤酒废酵母对Cu2+吸附率可达到90.00%左右。通过L16(45)正交实验表明,Cu2+质量浓度和pH值是影响啤酒废酵母吸附铜离子能力的显著因素。对吸附了铜离子的啤酒酵母进行解吸实验,表明在浓度为1 mol/L的HCl中,其解吸率为55.00%,与1 mol/L的NaOH和去离子水相比,有较高的解吸率。     

A Study on Kinetic Property of Acidulation Process of Waste Product of Iron Pyrite

A kinetic property of acidulation process of waste product of iron pyrite is studied, kinetic data of acidulation process are measured.The chemical kinetic equation of the process is established on the result of experiment.The activation energy of the reaction is determined as 51.755 kJ/mol. The result of examination for kinetic model with F test showing : the reliability of reaction kinetic model is more than 99%.     

水稻植株对稻田甲烷排放的影响及其生物学机理研究进展

稻田是主要的农业甲烷排放源之一,对全球温室气体排放有着重要影响。稻田甲烷排放包括土壤产甲烷菌的产甲烷过程、好氧甲烷氧化菌的氧化甲烷过程及甲烷通过水稻植株体、土壤溶液中冒气泡及分子扩散三种运输途径的排放过程,水稻植株地上部和根系影响着稻田甲烷排放。本文简要介绍了稻田甲烷的产生、氧化和运输排放过程,综述了水稻根系特征（形态、通气组织、分泌物、根系泌氧）、地上部特征（株高、分蘖数、生物量和同化物分配）、水肥管理措施对稻田甲烷排放的影响及内在机理。本文也讨论了今后稻田甲烷排放的主要研究方向,并认为高产与减排的协同应是一个重要切入点。     

Experimental analysis of matrix shrinkage’s influence on mechanical permeability of gas filled coal

Based on the coal seam of Zhao zhuang coal mine and Si he coal mine belong to Jin cheng anthracite Mining Group in Shanxi province, by using the self developed three axial servo controlled seepage equipment for hot fluid solid coupling of coal containing methane, parallel experiments for permeability of helium and methane under different gas pressures are carried out to quantitatively study the influence of Klinkenberg effects on the permeability of coal. Meanwhile, the problem of permeability decreasing caused by fluid pressure decreasing and gas desorption is eliminated by controlling the effective stress. The results show thatthe Klinkenberg effect is obvious under low gas pressure. With the increase of gas pressure, the permeability of coal decreases at first and then increases. The inflection points of gas pressure for Klinkenberg effect are about 0.9 MPa both for coal samples in Zhao zhuang coal mine and Si he coal mine. When the effective stress is constant, with the increase of gas pressure, the permeability increment caused by Klinkenberg effect decreases, while permeability increment caused by coal matrix shrinkage increases. Coal matrix shrinkage has a close relationship with the mechanical properties of coal rock mass. For the coal sample with a poor mechanical property, coal matrix shrinkage is more obvious.     

混凝土在硫酸盐溶液中的腐蚀模型

混凝土在硫酸盐溶液中的腐蚀破坏是一种常见的混凝土破坏形式,研究混凝土抗硫酸盐腐蚀破坏对于混凝土工程具有重要意义。混凝土在硫酸盐溶液中受腐蚀的过程是一个循序渐进的过程,这个过程包括固液界面的表面吸附、硫酸盐溶液的扩散过程以及硫酸盐在混凝土试件内部的化学反应和物理结晶等物理化学过程。研究表明：可以采用Fick第二扩散定律来描述硫酸盐在混凝土中的扩散过程;硫酸盐溶液中,混凝土试件的固液相界面处发生物理吸附和化学吸附,并存在表面化学反应。     

Study on Adsorption Characteristics of Coal to Gas in Geophysical Field

It is very important to mine safe exploitation, gas drawing and predict of coal and gas outburst that adsorption characteristics of coal to gas in geophysical field are studied. Adsorption and desorption characteristics of coal to gas in geophysical field have been reviewed in detail, then it is obtained that adsorption characteristics of coal to gas in electromagnetic field should be further studied . Adsorption and desorption characteristics of coal to methane in alternating electric field (AEF) have been studied mainly. Adsorption characteristics of three coal samples in AEF have been studied by means of Volume Method. The result shows that chemical properties and matter constituent of coal surface are no changed , adsorption and desorption of the coal samples in AEF well accord with Langmuir equation and two constants empirical formula, and because coal potential energy is increased and coal temperature is raised caused by Joule heat effect , adsorption ability of coal is decreased, and the desorption process is slowed down in AEF.     

施肥对两种水稻土甲烷生产力的影响

在实验室条件下,用厌气培养的方法测定了两种水稻土的甲烷生产力。青泥土的甲烷生产力明显高于褐潮土。施1％的稻草提高了两种水稻土的甲烷生产力,但是稻草对褐潮土的甲烷生产力影响更大。猪粪,鸡粪和牛粪对土壤甲烷生产力的影响顺序是:猪粪大于鸡粪,鸡粪大于牛粪。尿素和硫铵对两种土壤的甲烷生产力影响不明显。稻草和有机肥提高了褐潮土的甲烷生产力是因为它们降低了褐潮土的氧化还原电位,同时提供了易分解的碳源和能源。稻草和有机肥提高了褐潮土的甲烷生产力是因为它们提供了易分解的碳源和能源。