A HIERARCHICAL CONTROL METHOD FOR REACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION IN LARGE-SCALED INTERCONNECTED POWER SYSTEMS

This paper presents a new hierarchical and coordinative control method for reactive power optimization in large-scale interconnected power systems. It combines the interconnection forecast method for hierarchical control in large-scale steady state industrial systems with the incremental linear programming method for reactive power optimization in real time. The results of applying the method to power system examples show that the method not only solves the problem of high dimension in order, but also keeps the advantages of the incremental linear programming method. The proposed method is also suitable for the security analysis of reactive power correction in large-scale interconnected power systems.     

AUTOMATIC CONTINGENCY SELECTION AND RANKING BY NETWORK PROGRAMMING APPROACH

This paper presents a new approach ,to the automatic contingency selection and ranking by the network flow programming (NFP). A complex cost optimisation model based on economy and security, and several simplified models are proposed in the paper. The performance index is the total load curtailment or its weighted value. All the solution algorithms are OKA. The model and its algorithm is tested on IEEE 30-Bus System and the encouraging results are obtained.     

Application of Linear Programming in the Steady-State Real Power Security Region

This paper presents a new rnethod for analysis and computation of steady-statereal power security region by linear programming.In this method based on the D.C load flow,theupper and lower bounds of the hyper-cuboid explicit steady-state security region are chosen asunknown variables.The objective function is the total amount of the adjustable generations withweighting factors.The model of the steady-state real power security region is changed in to the proposed linearprogramming methed for ealculation.The numerieal exarnples are tested on IEEE 6-bus and 30-bussample systems.The computational resuIts showed the proposed model a nd algorithm feasible andeffective.     

SERIES-PARALLEL CORRECTION AND CAA FOR CANONICAL SYSTEM TYPE 2

This paper presents a simple and efficient engineering design method of series-parallel correction for canonical system type 2 and gives a practical design example.The following and anti-disturbance performances of the system by means of digital simulation are analyzed.The performance indexes in different design parameters are listed.This paper is available for reference in engineerng design.     

A MODEL SYSTEM OF A LONG-TERM PROGRAM OF EDUSATION DEVELOPMENT AND ITS APPLICATION

This paper studies a long-term program of education development in the light of the theory and method of system engineering.A complete mathematical-Simulant model system is used to describe the internal regularity of an edu-cation system inside a social-economic tystem,and to put forward a set of efficient method for education development programming.The mathematical-simulant model system dis-cussed in the paper is put to practical use in a regional education programming.     

A METHOD OF SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION AND MODEL REDUCTION BASED ON TIME-DOMAIN RESPONSE OF A DYNAMIC SYSTEM

This paper combines model reduction with system identification by means of time-domain function approximation, and presents a new time domain method of direct identification of linear reduced model and model reduction, and demonstrates existence theorem of its solution and criterion of order determination. Simulation tests show that the method is simple, accurate with few data requirement.     

Design on Auto-programming System for PCB Manufacturing

Considering the speciality of PCB programming object, this article presents a method of abstracting drill information and characteristic automatically with computing vision system, discusses the feature abstracting and analysis process, and designs the binary image based filter and barycenter based position recorgnition method. The format of output data is given.The system running effect shows that it is better in resolution, higher in control accuracy, lower in hardware requirement, faster than by hand in programming efficiency. Automation programming is twenty times as fast as by hand.     

Risk Identification and Risk Assessment in Architectural Programming

Through analyzing risks factor in architectural programming, the paper presents risk assessment index system, and constitutes architectural programming risk comprehensive assessment model by using the theory of fuzzy mathematics. So it can improve specialization of architectural programming and make architectural works satisfy the society, environment and economy.     

MYOELECTRICAL ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR REHABILITATION PATIENTS WITH RESTRICTED MOVEMENT

This paper presents a robotic system for the rehabilitation of moving functions of the human body. It also shows that it is possible to apply the myoelectrical signal for correction of velocity of executive mechanisms movement. The myoelectrical signal contains information about muscle function and fatigue during the operation of the robotic system. The results of the simulation are described for. the robotic system which consists of two planar executive mechanisms. This robotic system is used for the training of the human hands.     

OPTIMAL ACTIVE POWER ADJUSTMEMT OF LARGE HYBRID AC/DC SYSTEMS AFTER OUTAGE CONTINGENCIES WITH THE APPLICATION IN RELIABILITY EVALUATION

An optimal active power adjustment model is deve in this paper for hybrid AC/DC systems after outage contingencies. The objective of the model is to minimize the rejection of load when some elements are out of service, with adjustment strategy approaching practical system operation. A large number of outage contingencies are simulated when the Monte-Carlo Method is emyloyed to evaluate the system reliability, requiring fast calculation of each simulation. The model and computer method proposed in this paper satisfy such a requirment because of the application of concentric relaxation, recursive branch constraint treatment in linear programming and a direct method for B-1 matrix modification. This paper is concerned with the simplified steady state conditions of the system based on DC load-flow, which implies the reliability indices calculated are the measures about static loss of load. The results for a 14-bus hybrid AC/DC system are given.     

A STRUCTURAL NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC STABILITY AND A MATRIX FUNCTION METNOD

This paper presents a mathematical and mechanic model for non-linear dynamicstability analysis of structures on the basis of Liapunov's stability criteria. Due to the complexityand difficulty in numerical calculation,a matrix function to this type of stability problems is selectedand the programing formulations are derived.Applying the method to beam or frame structures un-der the axial period loadings,the geometric non-linear dynamic stability results are obtained.Fromthe results,the basic characteristics of this type of probtems,especially the non-linear effect areshown.The model and matrix function method are valtiable both in theory and in practice for struc-tural non-linear dynamic stability.     

INDUSTRICAL OPTIMAL REGULATOR ADJUSTMENT

This paper presents a new practical method for PI or PID industrial regu-lator optimal adjustments.This method is well feasible for off-line theoreticaladjustment of a control system and provided for closed loop identification withon-line regulator tuning.The proposed algorithm is based on approximationinversion of s-domain disturbance property of a control system by shiftedChebyshev's series.The PI or PID regulator parameter optimization usings-domain approximation representation of time-domain performance index of acontrol system is exclusively discussed with an example of using the algorit-hm.The introduced method is proved convenient to industrial process withhigh-order mathematical model.And it has both theoretical and engineeringsignificance.     

面向协作定价的上海蔬菜供应链整合研究

通过对上海地区蔬菜供应链结构的调研,分析了几种典型蔬菜供应链结构的优势和存在的问题。以批发市场占主导的上海蔬菜供应链为例,从供应链整合中最核心的协作定价策略出发,运用二层规划模型对该供应链进行协作定价的决策分析,以期确定能实现供应链整体收益和各主体收益稳定增长的合理价格,并提出了能保护农民和市民利益的理想蔬菜供应链结构。     

Scanning Beam Method for the Contour Graph

The tracing method is applied to generate the contour graph, it is difficult to find the start point of the interior closed contour beam. This paper presents a general scanning beam method which can be applied to generate color contour graph for elements with arbitrary shape by the object-oriented programming. We give visualization of the elements of triangle the element with 3 Points, triangle element with 6 Points, quadrilateral element with 4 Points, quadrilateral element with 8 Points, quadrilateral Element with 9 Points and the example by the MFC of Visual C++ R6.     

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF REACTIVE POWER AND VOLTAGE BY FICTITIOUS VARIABLES METHOD

A method introducing fictious variables for resolving the linear model of reactive power and voltages control in power systems is presented. The method theoritically guarantees the resolvability and optimizition of linear programming model. This method has been proved successful by IEEE 6 -node test system and the several practical power systems such as 49-node, 155 -node systems.     

THE ECONOMIC DISPATCH OF REAL POWER WITH SECURITY

This paper presents an approach to studing the economic dispatch of real power with N-1 security with the network flow programming (NFP), the N-1 line - security constraints are first introduced into the network f olw model and the problem of N-1 security economic dispatch becomes an incremental metwork flow model. Therefore, the shortage of NFP is mitigated to some extent, The solution adopted is the "out-of-kilter"algorithm(OKA), which is characterized by fast calculation and reliable convergency. The model and solution are tested on IEEE 30-bus system, and the results show that the proposed approach is feasible.     

An Energy Conservation Correction Method for Energy Efficiency Retrofit of Public Buildings

There exists imperfections of the methods for energy conservation verification of the energy efficiency retrofit projects. A new energy conservation verification method was developed by creating energy conversion correction model and four correction coefficients and three calculation formulas were involved, The four correction coefficients were outdoor weather correction coefficient, indoor environmental correction coefficient, internal load correction coefficient and performance period correction coefficient. The three calculation formulas were heating energy conversion calculation, air-conditioning energy conversion calculation and total energy conversion calculation. The energy conversion correction model was adopted to analysis the energy conservation of an office building located in Tianjin to demonstrate the reliability of the correction model and the feasibility of the verification method, and the corrected energy conversion based on consistent conditions before and after retrofit was obtained. 10.23% difference between the corrected energy conversion and the direct energy conversion exists indicating that the correction energy conversion is necessary. The energy conservation difference of 3.03% the calculation result of energy simulation software verified the accuracy of the new verification method.     

Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Involution and Factorial of High Effective Locations

This paper presents the class of high effective locations and its addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, involution and factorial by the object-oriented programming.     

Study on the Model for Accounting the Cost of Discarded Iron

Starting with the view of wealth taking advantage of the method of in put-output analysis,paying attention to both the labor value com prehended in discarded iron and thevaiue of raw natural resource in it,this paper presents a general model to accou nt the cost ofdiscarded iron,As an example of our country.the model of accounting the cost of the discarded ironhas been stueied carefully and the cost of discarded iron is calculated. the resuIt of calculationindicates the practieality of this model.     

INFORMATION THEORY COMBINATION FOR ERROR ANALYSIS OF. SAMPLING-QUANTIZATION FOR DIGITAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

This paper presents a new error analysis method based on the information theory. The analyse results of error of a digital measurement system will be illustrated more reasonably. This method is defined information theory combination, it will overcome the unintention between the uncertainty and the standard error of measuring results by traditional error analysis. On the basis of error spectrum analysis of sampling and quantization, an optimum digital filtering method is also presented in this paper. Simulation and testing show that the method is more resultful.