有机固体废弃物干发酵产沼气研究进展

干发酵技术的兴起有效地解决了有机固体废弃物的处置和能源化利用问题,因其具有产气率高、处理成本低、节约用水、管理方便等优点而逐渐地得以广泛利用。综述了厌氧干发酵机制、典型干发酵工艺、发酵原料特点及主要运行参数的研究现状,提出了当前存在的问题及其应对措施,并对该工艺的应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望,旨在为干发酵技术更为广泛的应用提供较为完善的理论基础。     

污染土地修复工程技术及发展趋势

近年来,中国土地污染状况日益凸显,加剧了土地资源供需矛盾,耕地土壤污染给农民带来了经济利益和健康利益的双重损害。为缓解矛盾,保护粮食安全,保证耕地红线,增加建设用地,如何利用工程技术手段将污染土地变为可利用土地显得尤为重要。通过文献资料法,结合多年来污染土地治理修复的工程技术经验,对污染土地修复工程技术要点进行了探讨和总结,主要介绍中国土壤污染发展现状,以及如何将污染土地变为可利用土地,最后展望了中国污染土地修复工程技术的发展趋势。该研究为提出适合中国国情和符合地区特点的土壤污染修复技术奠定了理论基础,同时为国家粮食安全、生态文明建设提供技术支撑。     

Utility Analysis of Solid Waste Disposing Mechanism Under Market and Public Administration

Solid waste is one of the major pollution sources of environment.Currently,countries all over the world widely make use of market and public administration to solve the problem.Theories of environmental economics and legal science are fully applied to analyze the effects of these two measures,and conclusions can be made according to their respective traits: market has particular effect and function when dealing with problem of solid waste,but its imperfectness makes it necessary to introduce public administration.However, although it plays an important role in making up imperfectness of market,public administration still has inherent shortcomings and must be limited properly.     

中国农业遥感技术应用现状及发展趋势

在中国农业遥感技术应用现状梳理基础上,分析遥感技术应用发展的趋势和不足,提出农业遥感技术应用的发展趋势,为遥感技术在农业领域的深入应用提供参考依据.对文献、政策进行整理及归纳分析,并结合国内外进展的对比,从中国农业遥感技术的重要性、应用水平、发展趋势、应用前景等方面进行总结,并提出相应的建议.结果 表明,在遥感(RS)...     

Experimental Analysis on the Decomposition-Creep Settlement Properties of Municipal Solid Waste

In order to study the creep-degradation settlement properties of municipal solid waste, the change of static-creep-settlement for fresh municipal solid wastes which collected from the Chongqing landfill was observed elaborately during the 330 days Laboratory test, and the PTH Model which would fit the settlement properties better was funded. By analyzing leachate-degradation-strain-time relational curves, the number of total creep settlement caused by external load and inner degradation in the waste can reach 33.2% of the sample height. The leachate production can be controlled by the external load and organic content. The tests results indicate that the degradation rule of MSW can be expressed as the Richards model,and the relation of cumulative sellenment with cumulative leachate fit the Exponential function model. The corresponding section for organic content that suit for the initial compression deformation and the creep-degradation settlement could be ranged from 29.1% to 36.47%. During the monitoring for settlement and internal temperature field in the anaerobic reaction stage, an optimum temperature zones that varied from 20℃ to 41℃ are found, which could accelerate degradation speed of organic matters in the waste. Moreover, degradation speed of organic matters becomes maximum when the temperature reaches 41℃.     

Analysis on the Disposal of the Industrial Solid Waste in the Three Gorges Region

The second step of water storage for Three Gorges Reservoir will be executed in Jue,2003. Because there is still a large quantity of industrial solid waste(ISW) dumped on the reservoir bottom where should be cleaned before water storage and wastes should be disposed. After a full investigation and analyze, the total amount of ISW in the Chongqing reservoir area is about 1.66 million tons. According the principles of safe, economical and reliable, this paper describes the ISW's treatment. The ordinary ISW which is harmless and non toxic after identification should be treated on-site, the ISW that exceeds the national standards should be removed and be disposed in the landfill, and the hazardous waste should be removed for disposition or storage.     

基于食用菌的固体有机废弃物利用现状及展望

从现阶段中国固体有机废弃物利用现状出发,结合食用菌自身生长特性以及目前国内食用菌产业的发展现状,讨论了食用菌在固体有机废弃物利用中的可行性、便利性和高效性。从食用菌对动植物生产中废弃物的利用、生物转化率的高低、菌体蛋白生产的高效性以及生产食用菌后菌渣的循环利用等方面,证实了食用菌生产能够实现生物链中生物质的多层级高效循环利用。     

Properties and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

Incineration has been used to dispose municipal solid waste(MSW) in the world.Attention is paid to the secondary pollution from municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI).Especially the safe and effective disposal of MSWI fly ash becomes an environmental and social problem which should be urgently resolved.The paper focuseds on the properties of MSW fly ash.The different kinds of technology of MSW fly ash are analysed in details.The main disposals of MSWI fly ash are filling,solidification and stabilization,and distilling heavy metals.The innocuous disposal of MSW fly ash which is compatible in China is impoldering advanced incinerator controlling the MSW and research effective and inexpensive stabilization chemicals and effective technique of distilling heavy metals to reduce the secondary pollution caused by the heavy metal of MSWI fly ash.     

Application and Trend of Development of Sludge Thickening Technology in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

In this paper,the present state of application and research of sludge thickening technology in municipal wastewater treatment plant are summed up and the trend of development of sludge thickening technology is pointed out.     

应急食品研究现状及发展趋势

从国内外应急食品的产品特点、技术情况和实践运用3个方面,综述了应急食品的最新发展历程和现状情况,指出了目前中国应急食品存在的问题并展望了未来的发展趋势。     

中国农业信息系统应用现状及前景分析

从中国农业信息化发展战略、农业信息网络发展及应用现状、农业信息系统在中国农业上的应用情况及基本评价等方面,对中国农业信息系统的应用现状进行了多角度的分析,并在总结了当前发达国家农业信息系统发展热点的基础上,就中国国情下农业信息系统的发展方向及应用前景做了初步的分析预测。     

农产品加工业发展趋势与对策探析

随着农业的快速发展和城乡居民生活水平的逐步提高,农产品加工业得到了迅猛发展。特别是“九五”以来,农产品加工业对支撑农业可持续发展、增加农产品附加值、提高农产品竞争力、保证农民持续增收、调整与优化农村经济结构、提高农产品质量和效益、增加就业等方面发挥了积极作用。农产品加工业已成为中国国民经济的支柱产业之一,逐渐成为经济发展中新的增长点。因此,对农产品加工业在发展中存在的一些问题,应采取积极的引导、扶持措施,从资金上和政策上给予优惠,帮助中小企业、专业合作社发展好农产品加工业。     

江苏省园艺设施发展现状与趋势

园艺设施是现代化农业产业中的重要成分,在农业现代化进程和乡村振兴战略中发挥着重要作用。本文通过文献研究和数据分析的方法重点研究了江苏省园艺设施的发展现状及趋势,通过分析江苏省三大园艺设施类型（塑料大棚、连栋温室、日光温室）的设施发展情况与配套设备,对四大种植模式（设施农业模式、观光农业模式、无土栽培模式、精准农业模式）进行归纳总结,寻找园艺设施现存的问题,提出农艺-设施-农机高度融合策略及四大趋势导向（产品市场趋势、产业提升趋势、现代化发展趋势和智能化生产趋势）是现代农业未来发展之路的观点。研究结果可为江苏省现代化设施园艺高效发展提供参考,并有望对江苏省园艺设施产业的未来快速发展提供借鉴。     

New Trend of Development of Enterprise Salary in the Knowledge-based Economy Condition

The article analyzes the basic constitutes of enterprise salary in our country by applying the theories of HR. As the characteristics and functions of the basic constitutes are different from each other, the article mainly discusses the obvious salary, then gives the related expression and the chart between salary and its elements. Aiming at the main problems which are average, short-term and single in enterprise salary at present, the author probes that enterprise salary will be market, long-term and diverse under the knowledge economy by applying the salary frame, the theories of stock options and employees' needs.     

Simulation of the Effects of Water Migration on Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation Process in Landfill

By operating an anaerobic degradation experiment of municipal solid waste landfill, the effects of periodic leachate emission, rainfall infiltration and full leachate recirculation on biodegradation process in landfill were investigated. And the control measures of water migration in biogas resources landfill were discussed. The results show that: in the case of leachate emission, it is difficult to form the suitable environmental factors of Eh, pH and humidity for methanogens. Rainfall infiltration plays a faint adjective function on microbiology environment. Under the continuous erosion action of infiltration rainfall, cumulative net CODCr leaching load increases by 67.8%. Leachate recirculation causes its cumulative production and net COD Cr leaching load decreases by 70.9% and 88.5% respectively, which shows an obvious inhibited effect on microbial metabolism at 15±2℃. With the temperature increases to 35±2℃, methanogens-suitable environment forms rapidly, but it causes the rapid accumulation of NH4 +-N in leachate. The measures, such as reducing the infiltration volume, controlling recirculation temperature reasonably and dealing with nitrogen removal before recirculation, can significantly improve the harmless and resources level of landfill disposal.     

速冻汤圆的研究现状及发展趋势

汤圆是我国的一种传统糯米制品,深受消费者喜爱。针对速冻汤圆的原辅料选择、品质评价指标及贮藏条件的研究现状进行归纳,并结合对现有研究的了解与思考,提出了速冻汤圆在市场未来发展的方向。