商品蛋鸡的强制换羽技术

强制换羽是现代养鸡业为提高蛋鸡产蛋量，实现循环产蛋而进行的一项技术措施，在蛋鸡生产中具有重要意义，本文就商品蛋鸡的强制换羽技术作一简单介绍，以供参考。     

蛋鸡强制换羽新方法

换羽是家禽羽毛自然脱落进入休产期的正常生理现象。在休产期内体脂少,体重适度下降,采食量明显减少,产蛋下降。休产期结束后将长出新羽毛,体重增加,恢复产蛋。强制换羽是在一定条件下,采取各种人工方法使家禽停止产蛋的技术措施。     

强制换羽在蛋鸡生产上的应用

蛋鸡生产由于受到生产资料价格上涨及育雏存活率偏低等因素的影响,育雏费用呈上升趋势,经济效益下降,甚至出现亏损。为延长蛋鸡经济利用年限和降低成本,进而提高经济效益,强制换羽技术已被许多鸡场所采用,但方法各异。为了寻求缩短强制换羽时间,使蛋鸡恢复开产提前,我们用饥饿法和化学法相结合,对产蛋1年即淘汰的3批蛋鸡进行强制换羽,取得了较好的成绩,现就具体做法报告如下。1材料与方法1．1鸡群状况：3批试验鸡计1．6万只,品种为罗斯褐,鸡龄68～72周龄,平均产蛋率为44．4％。1．2试验前的准备工作（1）首先对试验鸡群进行整…     

蛋鸡实行强制换羽时应该考虑的因素

蛋鸡由于经过培育已具有很高的产蛋量,且在一般情况下产蛋期结束时才进行彻底换羽,约要花4个月的时间,才能脱尽旧羽,长全新羽。然而采取强制换羽,母鸡可迅速换羽并长全新羽,再刺激其产蛋。整个人工换羽过程,应当不超过8周。所以在养禽生产中经常应用强制换羽技术。强制换羽主要分为饥饿法和药物法。饥饿法是限制饮水、饲料和光照;药物法是在饲料中添加硫酸锌或氧化锌,其原理都是降低营养供给从而促进换羽的进行,各个方面的配合是很重要的。断水和断料可造成母鸡的失重,快速换羽可造成快速失重,快速失重会导致高死亡率。恰当的换羽方案应能在…     

蛋鸡强制换羽技术

在规模化养鸡生产中,为了避免鸡群休产换羽期所带来的经济损失,常对蛋鸡实行强制性换羽.该方法可延长蛋鸡的经济寿命,降低育成所需费用,增加蛋重,提高蛋壳质量,是现代养鸡的重要技术之一.主要对换羽前的准备和换羽方法进行了介绍,以期为该技术的科学应用提供参考.     

蛋鸡强制换羽技术

在规模化养鸡生产中,为了避免鸡群休产换羽期所带来的经济损失,常对蛋鸡实行强制性换羽。该方法可延长蛋鸡的经济寿命,降低育成所需费用,增加蛋重,提高蛋壳质量,是现代养鸡的重要技术之一。主要对换羽前的准备和换羽方法进行了介绍,以期为该技术的科学应用提供参考。     

商品蛋鸡的强制换羽方法

强制换羽是巧妙运用应激因素,诱发鸡群在短期内停产、换羽,而后恢复产蛋的方法,是现代蛋鸡生产中广泛应用的技术措施.它可以延长鸡的有效利用期,节省培育雏鸡和育成鸡的饲料等费用,降低养鸡成本;可以缩短休产期1～2个月,并且开产整齐,提高蛋壳质量,增加蛋重;可以缓解雏鸡供应紧缺或后备鸡群断档的矛盾;还可以调整产蛋季节,获取较好的经济效益.     

蛋鸡实行强制换羽时应该考虑的经济因素

蛋鸡由于经过培育已具有很高的产蛋量，并且在一般情况下要在长而高产的产蛋期结束时才进行彻底换羽，约要花4个月的时间，才能脱尽旧羽，长全新羽。然而采取强制换羽，可使母鸡迅速换羽并长全新羽，再刺激其产蛋，整个人工换羽过程不超过8周。所以在养禽生产中经常使用强制换羽。     

Probiotic Bacillus subtilis C-3102 Improves Eggshell Quality after Forced Molting in Aged Laying Hens

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of probiotic Bacillus subtilis C-3102 feed additive on quality characteristics including strength, thickness, and weight of eggshells of Boris Brown laying hens. The control group (n=64) was fed a basal diet comprised of maize and feed rice, whereas the experimental group (n=64) was fed a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis C-3102 (3×10⁵ CFU/g) starting at 49 weeks of age. From 67 to 69 weeks, all hens were induced to molt using an anorexic program; then, the birds in both groups returned to their respective diets (from 69 to 82 weeks). Eggshell strength, measured six times with 60 eggs selected before the molting treatment, was significantly greater in the C-3102 group than in the control group at 51, 59, 63, and 66 weeks (3.45, 3.44, 3.28, and 3.13 kg/cm²; P<0.05, 0.05, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively). Moreover, eggshell strength—measured three times after the molting treatment—was significantly greater in the C-3102 group than in the control group at 73 and 77 weeks (3.79 and 3.65 kg/cm²; P<0.01 and 0.01, respectively). Eggshell thickness was also significantly greater in the C-3102 group than in the control group at 73 and 77 weeks (0.400 and 0.390 mm; P<0.01 and 0.01, respectively). Fecal samples collected from eight hens of each group at 70 weeks of age after forced molting, showed a significantly higher proportion of Lactobacillus spp. in the C-3102 group (8.94 log CFU/g) (P<0.05) than in the control group (8.63 log CFU/g). Clostridium spp. abundance was significantly lower in the C-3102 group (2.92 log CFU/g) than in the control group (4.3 log CFU/g). These results suggest that C-3102 supplementation improves eggshell quality in aged laying hens, particularly after forced molting.     

Effects of Different Forced Molting Methods on Postmolt Production,Corticosterone Level,and Immune Response to Sheep Red Blood Cells in Laying Hens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different molting methods on postmolt production, plasma corticosterone levels, and antibody production to SRBC for the welfare of laying hens. This experiment was conducted with 120 IGH-type Brown laying hens (70 wk of age), randomly divided into 3 experimental groups. The hens in one group were fed a whole-grain barley diet during the first 10 d (WB diet). On d 11, hens consumed 100 g of layer diet/d until d 28. In the second group, hens were fed a Zn diet containing 10,000 mg/kg of Zn as ZnO for 10 d (Zn diet). Hens were then provided 100 g of a layer diet from d 11 to 28. In the third group, feed was withdrawn for 10 d, and on d 11 hens were fed a cracked corn diet ad libitum until d 28 (California method; CAL diet). Hens in all groups were returned to the layer diet ad libitum on d 29. Egg weight was lower in the Zn treatment than in the other treatments. Feed intake and plasma corticosterone levels were higher and antibody production was lower in the CAL treatment than in the WB and Zn groups. The FCR was better in the WB than in the Zn group. Mortality, egg production, and egg quality were not significantly different among the molting methods. As a result, the WB molting program was the best method for postmolt production among the programs examined.     

硒营养对蛋鸡强制换羽的影响研究

本试验旨在通过在日粮中添加不同剂量的硒(0、0.05、0.1、0.2mg/kg日粮),研究蛋鸡换羽过程中激素的变化,探讨硒影响强制换羽的机理。试验结果表明:微量元素硒能够影响换羽过程中血浆T3、T4、促黄体生成激素、黄体酮、雌二醇含量,但是硒参与强制换羽与硒对甲状腺激素代谢的影响无关,硒可能是参与了促黄体生成激素、黄体酮、雌二醇的代谢影响了强制换羽的效果。     

强制换羽对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

旨在研究强制换羽对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。选取80周龄海兰褐蛋鸡4 500只,分为A、B、C组,每组1 500只,于试验组Ⅰ区饲养;选取60周龄海兰褐蛋鸡3 000只,分为D、E组,每组1 500只,于试验组Ⅱ区饲养;另选取60周龄海兰褐蛋鸡1 500只（F组）,于对照组Ⅲ区饲养。试验组Ⅰ区和试验组Ⅱ区位于同一栋鸡舍,对照组Ⅲ区位于另外一栋鸡舍。采取饲料、饮水、光照控制的方式对A~E组鸡群进行强制换羽处理;F组不进行强制换羽处理。试验包括7 d的预试期和56 d的正试期。在正试期内,测定各组鸡群的产蛋率、蛋品质指标、死亡率。结果表明：与换羽前相比,强制换羽后A、B、C组的平均产蛋率的提高幅度为27.1%,强制换羽后D、E组的平均产蛋率的提高幅度为16.1%,换羽后F组的平均产蛋率的降低幅度为5.5%;5个接受强制换羽处理的试验组（A~E组）与对照组（F组）相比,蛋重增加2.5%,蛋壳强度提高11.8%,蛋白高度提高8.8%,蛋形指数提高3.3%,蛋壳尖端的厚度提高14.8%;5个接受强制换羽处理的试验组（A~E组）的平均死亡率为2.5%,对照组（F组）的死亡率为1.5%。综上所述,强制换羽技术的应用可以明显提高海兰褐蛋鸡的产蛋率,并提升蛋品质。     

强制换羽在生产实践中的应用

采用饥饿法先后对744只、615d天府肉鸭种群进行为期8周的强制换羽试验,换羽鸭分别以平均产蛋率73.56%和72.75%与周平上孵合格蛋4.95枚和4.89枚的效果,获得了良好的经济效益.     

产蛋鸡的人工强制换羽技术

强制换羽就是采用生物、化学、物理（如饥饿）等方法促使产蛋鸡在短时间停产、失重、脱毛、换羽，并重新恢复产蛋的过程。目前使用较多的为饥饿换羽法，下面就该法的成功实践作一总结：     

蛋鸡预产期的饲养管理

<正>预产期指蛋鸡开产前的生理快速发育阶段,也就是常说的性发育阶段。蛋鸡要获得良好的生产性能,卵巢和输卵管必须发育好。所以说预产期特别重要,鸡群预产期管理的好坏,关系以后产蛋     

非正常产蛋鸡适时鉴别淘汰的技术要点

在规模养鸡生产中,适时地淘汰低产、病弱、病残及停产蛋鸡等经济价值低下的4种非正常产蛋鸡,对保持鸡群整齐度、有效节约饲料、降低饲养成本、减少疾病发生、提高饲养效益十分重要.结合多年养鸡生产实践,为提高鸡群的整体产蛋率,笔者认为在蛋鸡产蛋30周(210 d)后首次鉴别淘汰为最佳时期.应着重从以下4个方面对非正常产蛋鸡进行辨认并适时淘汰,以期达到提高养殖效益之目的.     

蛋鸡产蛋期的饲养管理措施

为进一步降低蛋鸡养殖成本、提高养殖效益,天祝县鸡大肠杆菌病的综合防制研究项目课题组,针对大肠杆菌综合防控中加强饲养管理环节,以蛋鸡产蛋期目标管理为导向,从转运前准备,到转群后消毒、设备检查、称重、光照控制、免疫、人员管理、饲料控制等各方面,制定了蛋鸡产蛋期饲养管理措施,不仅避免鸡群发生大肠杆菌等疾病,而且可以提高蛋鸡产蛋率,增加蛋鸡养殖效益。     

高产母鸡的培育管理

高产母鸡的培育,有如下实践体会:1根据后备母鸡的生理特点,供给营养需要12周龄以前是鸡一生中体重增长相对最快时期,内脏器官和消化道长度随体重同步变化。骨骼在最初10周内发育最快,8周龄时骨骼发育到成年骨骼的75%,12周龄时达到90%。12周龄后,各种器官发育已近健全,体增重速度减缓,胸肌明显增厚,腹脂随日龄增加而逐渐沉积。约从16周龄后,小母鸡逐渐性成熟,肝脏、卵巢、输卵管快速增长,钙质贮备增加,至产蛋率达到4%～5%时,体重要增加350～450克,为进入产蛋期做好生理上的准备。1.1营养水平的确定配制日粮时,应根据鸡群生长阶段性特点有针对…