中国水科院院士专家走基层送技术解难题活动走进山东日照

<正>为进一步落实农业部为农民办实事工作,中国水产科学研究院联合国家鲆鲽类产业技术体系,在山东日照举办鲆鲽类产业提升培训会,并到养殖公司进行实地考察指导。中国水科院院长张显良,鲆鲽类体系首席科学家、中国工程院院士雷霁霖等出席培训活动。日照是我国海洋渔业强市,也是我国鲆鲽类养殖主产区之一,在我国鲆鲽类产业中处于重要地位,鲆鲽类育、繁、养、加、销各产业环节     

鲆鲽鱼营养生理研究进展

本文综述了鲆鲽鱼类营养生理的研究进展,涉及鲆鲽鱼对蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、必需脂肪酸、碳水化合物、维生素和微量元素的需要量及各种营养元素的生理功能,评价饲料中各营养素缺乏和过量对鲆鲽鱼生长的影响,以及各营养素之间的相互关系。     

中国沿海鲆鲽鱼类进化关系研究

<正>鲆鲽鱼类是鲽形目(Pleuronectiformes)鱼类的总称,俗称比目鱼(Flatfishes),在海洋鱼类中占有十分重要的地位。鲆鲽鱼类广泛分布于全球各海域,其中的牙鲆、大菱鲆、圆斑星鲽、大西洋庸鲽和半滑舌鳎等品种均为我国沿海重要的经济鱼类,其中中国本地的经济鱼种并不多,上述鱼种中只有半滑舌鳎的模式产地为中国。生物间群体遗传结构和进化关系的研究是生物学研究的基础和重要组成部分。目前,利用分子遗传     

营养因素对比目鱼形变的影响

比目鱼是海水鱼中的一大类,包括鲆科、鲽科、鳎科3科。鲆科中常见的有牙鲆、斑鲆、花鲆;鲽科中常见的有高眼鲽、石鲽、木鲽和油鲽;鳎科中最常见的是舌鳎。比目鱼成鱼两只眼睛在同侧,但刚孵化出来的小比目鱼的眼睛生在两侧,在鱼体长到大约3cm长的时候,比目鱼的眼睛开始发生移位,一侧的眼睛向头的上方移动,渐渐地越过头的上缘移到另一侧,直到接近另一只眼睛时才停止。正常着色的比目鱼,有眼面呈褐色或棕褐色,无眼面呈白色。但是,人工养殖的比目鱼常大量出现着色异常的个体。这些鱼通常售价较低,且放流时易被敌害捕食,成活率低,这是比目鱼养殖…     

大西洋漠斑牙鲆养殖技术

大西洋漠斑牙鲆又称美国斑牙鲆、南方鲆，隶属硬骨鱼纲、鲽形目、鲽亚目、鲆科、牙鲆亚科、牙鲆属，属深海底栖鱼类，是美洲众多鲆蝶鱼类中个体最大的一种，自然分布于美国北卡莱罗纳州至佛罗里达州南部海湾，得克萨斯州南部海峡沿岸也有分布。漠斑牙鲆形态与我国褐牙鲆相似，体侧扁、卵圆形，     

漠斑牙鲆池塘养殖技术

漠斑牙鲆(Paral ichthys lethosigma),又称南方鲆,隶属于鲽形目、鲽亚目、鲆科、牙鲆亚科,牙鲆属,原产于美国北卡莱罗纳州至佛罗里达州南部海湾。该鱼具有生长快、品质优、适应范围广、抗病、抗逆性强、肉质细腻、营养丰富等特点,在海水、淡水中均能生长,是我国内陆和沿海地区不可多得的养殖优良品种之一。因此,漠斑牙鲆可在沿海和广大     

漠斑牙鲆池塘养殖技术

漠斑牙鲆（Paralichthyslethosigma）,又称南方鲆,隶属于鲽形目、鲽亚目、鲆科、牙鲆亚科,牙鲆属,原产于美国北卡莱罗纳州至佛罗里达州南部海湾。该鱼具有生长快、品质优、适应范围广、抗病、抗逆性强、肉质细腻、营养丰富等特点,在海水、淡水中均能生长,是我国内陆和沿海地区不可多得的养殖优良品种之一。因此,漠斑牙鲆可在沿海和广大内陆水域进行池塘、网箱及工厂化养殖,养殖前景十分广阔。笔者根据几年来的生产实践,现将池塘养殖技术介绍如下,供广大养殖业者参考。     

条斑星鲽引种驯化与繁育技术的试验研究

试验中共催产条斑星鲽雌亲鱼38尾,获产35尾,共采受精卵2 380 mL;共孵化仔鱼18.8万尾,孵化率达43.8%;完成变态13.9万尾,变态成活率74.5%;培育成5 cm以上苗种10.5万尾,苗种培养成活率75.5%.该研究结果为比较鲆鲽鱼类早期发育过程提供了参考资料,同时揭示作为冷温性鱼类,条斑星鲽受精卵发育过程中出现的特殊规律,从而为该鱼种进一步大规模生产提供了理论依据.     

大菱鲆营养需求研究

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maxlmus L)属鲆科(Bothidae),菱鲆属(Seophthalmus),原产于欧洲,是当前欧洲的重要海水养殖鱼类,也是欧洲沿岸特有的优质鲆鲽类之一。我国自1992年从英国引进大菱鲆鱼苗,在中国俗称“多宝鱼”,至今引种已获得成功,培育出了本土大菱鲆鱼苗数百万尾,为我国大面积开展大菱鲆养殖提供了苗种基础。     

大西洋牙鲆养殖模式与技术

大西洋牙鲆是比目鱼类,属鲽形目,鲆科,牙鲆属,亦称夏鲆、墨西哥湾牙鲆、巨齿牙鲆或美国牙鲆,自然分布于北美洲大西洋东海岸,主要分布于中部大西洋湾.我国于2002年开始从美国引进,福建南方沿海也于近年开始试养,养殖过程中大西洋牙鲆表现出生长相对快、适合范围广、抗逆性强、成活率高等优点,可作为南方大力发展比目鱼养殖业的新优良品种.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.