添加小麦蛋白对马面鲀鱼糜凝胶强度影响的研究

<正> 自从60年代初日本的西谷等人开发冷冻鱼糜制造技术以来,鱼糜制品在日本得到了很大的发展。目前日本冷冻鱼糜年产量100万吨左右,鱼肉香肠、鱼肉火腿年产量10万吨左右。近年来,鱼糜制品技术日益引起世界各国的重视,美国、欧洲和亚洲的泰国、南朝鲜,我国台湾等都在研究开发鱼糜制品。鱼肉火腿,鱼肉香肠作为鱼糜制品中的     

复合弹性增强剂对梅童鱼糜凝胶强度的影响

以漂洗两次，冷藏1个月和冷藏2个月的冷冻梅童鱼糜为试验原料，添加0．5％和1％的复合弹性增强剂，研究不同添加量及不同加热条件对鱼糜凝胶强度和保水性的影响，结果：添加复合弹性增强剂后，冷冻梅童鱼糜的弹性与对照组相比，破断强度提高6－8倍，凹陷度提高2－3倍，凝胶强度提高10－15倍，以40℃，30min-60min凝胶化条件最为适宜，凝胶化时间过长，游离水析水增加，即鱼糕的保水性下降。     

漂洗条件对鲢糜凝胶强度的影响

研究了漂洗次数,漂洗液ＰＨ、漂洗液种类等因素对鲢糜凝胶强度的影响,漂洗次数越多,漂洗液ＰＨ在中性,用柠檬酸钠溶液和ＣａＣｌ２溶液进行漂洗时,可有效提高鱼糜制品的凝胶强度。     

鱼糜制品弹性与鱼肉凝胶特性研究进展

1　引言鱼肉被公认为是营养保健食物,不仅可提供维持身体机能不可缺少的营养物质,而且能起到强身健体、延寿增智的作用,因此鱼肉在人们日常膳食结构中占有重要地位。利用淡水和海水产低值小杂鱼加工制作的鱼糜制品,是人们获取鱼肉型食物的重要来源,由于食用方便、味美形好、烹调简单等因素,深受消费者的喜爱。目前鱼糜制品品种单调,制品质量有待提高,极大地限制了鱼糜制品的消费量。为此,国内外研究人员在增加鱼糜制品品种和提高鱼糜制品质量方面进行了研究,并取得了显著成果。衡量鱼糜制品质量的主要指标有弹性、口味、质地、形态等,其中制…     

超高压处理对梅鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

考察超高压压力、保压时间、协同温度3因素,应用质构仪,得到了梅鱼鱼糜凝胶硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性和凝胶强度等特性参数,并以凝胶强度为指标,对超高压压力、保压时间、协同温度进行了优化,通过正交试验确定了最优超高压处理条件,即:压力300MPa、保压时间15min、协同温度20℃,所得凝胶强度为363.15g.cm。分析凝胶特性结果得到:压力在200MPa时,梅鱼鱼糜已经开始形成凝胶;保压时间5min以后,凝胶特性无显著性影响;随着协同处理温度的升高,凝胶特性显著降低。压力、保压时间、协同温度3因素对凝胶强度的影响顺序为压力>协同温度>保压时间。压力大于300MPa、保压时间大于5min时,超高压处理对鱼糜凝胶内聚性无显著性影响;协同温度大于20℃时,内聚性随着处理温度的升高而显著降低。超高压与热处理比较结果发现,经超高压处理的梅鱼鱼糜凝胶强度优于热处理,是热处理的2.2倍,经超高压处理之后的凝胶硬度低于热处理的凝胶硬度,仅为热处理的67%,弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性、持水性和白度,超高压处理均高于热处理的凝胶,其中弹性增加明显,为热处理的1.6倍。超高压和热处理两种组合处理方式结果表明,超高压处理之后再经热处理得到...     

鲤鱼的鱼糜凝胶强度及在冰藏和冻藏中的变化

前言。近年来，我国的淡水鱼产量年年增产，约占总产量的一半以上，淡水鱼的开发利用已成为重要课题。对于利用鲤鱼制取鱼糜，研究其凝皎强度在低温下的变化情况及不同漂洗方法对凝胶强度的影响还未见报道。笔者利用在日本长崎大学的学习机会，以日本的鲤鱼为原料，探讨鲤鱼在经冰藏和冻藏后，其凝皎强度的变化及其它物理性质的变化，了解鲤鱼作为鱼糜利用的可能性。     

漂洗工艺和抗冻剂对几种西非鱼鱼糜凝胶特性和色泽的影响

研究了不同漂洗工艺和抗冻剂对几种西非鱼鱼糜冻藏后凝胶特性和白度的影响，结果发现，用NaHCO3，柠檬酸和CaCl2溶液进行漂行可明显提高鱼糜制品的硬度和凝胶强度，但对弹性的影响不大，因而凝胶强度的增加主工是由硬度的变化引起的，用NaHCO3和NaClO漂洗可明显提高鱼糜的白度，尤其是对红色肉含量较高的鱼类，抗冻剂能明显提高鱼糜制品的凝胶强度。     

乳清蛋白与凝胶化条件对鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

研究了浓缩乳清蛋白(WPC)和凝胶化条件对白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)鱼糜凝胶品质的影响,检测指标包括破断力、凹陷度、凝胶强度、白度和折曲性能.结果表明:白姑鱼鱼糜最适宜的凝胶化条件为40℃ 60 min.在40℃和50℃凝胶化60 min的条件下,添加的WPC在总蛋白中的蛋白比例为5%和10%时能够使白姑鱼鱼麋凝胶特性增强,并能保持和改善凝胶的弹性,抑制50℃下的凝胶劣化现象.但在30℃凝胶化60 min的条件下,WPC的添加反而会降低鱼糜的凝胶特性与弹性.添加10%的WPC能够显著(P<0.05)提高白姑鱼鱼糜凝胶的白度.     

马铃薯基乳液作为脂肪替代物对鱼糜凝胶品质影响研究

为了研究马铃薯基乳液（potato based emulsion, PE）对鱼糜凝胶品质的影响, 本研究将玉米油（corn oil,CO）或PE按不同添加量（0%~14%）与鱼糜混合,以鱼糜凝胶质构、水分、色泽、分子间相互作用、流变特性和微观结构为考察指标,探究PE作为脂肪替代物对鱼糜凝胶品质的影响及机理。 结果显示,在相同的油添加量下,与CO相比,PE能避免油滴对鱼糜凝胶质构特性和持水能力产生的劣化效果,使样品表现出更高的弹性模量和粘度,其中,6%油含量PE样品的硬度从1 073 g（0%油含量样品）提升到1 159 g,而6%油含量CO样品的硬度降低至837 g;另外,横向弛豫时间结果表明,PE抑制了不易流动水向由水的转变,使更多的不易流动水被束缚,这可能增强了光线漫反射,从而使PE样品白度更高;微观结构和分子间作用力测定结果表明PE样品中油滴分布更均匀,氢键、疏水相互作用和二硫交联更强,凝胶网络因淀粉颗粒的填充效应而更致密;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明 ,PE组中油滴对鱼糜蛋白交联的干预程度更小。研究表明,PE可作为脂肪替代物提升鱼糜凝胶制品品质。本研究可为淀粉基脂肪替代物的开发及其在鱼糜凝胶产品中的应用提供理论基础。     

尼罗罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶特性试验

本文研究尼罗罗非鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性,试验结果表明:尼罗罗非鱼属于难凝胶化也不易凝胶劣化的鱼种,凝胶热稳定性能较好,尼罗罗非鱼较不易冷冻变性,原料的处理方式会影响到鱼糜的凝胶形成能力,漂洗可以提高凝胶强度和白度,添加TGase产生的粘合作用对提高罗非鱼鱼糜弹性很有效.     

Effect of pH on the gelation of walleye pollack surimi and carp actomyosin pastes

ABSTRACT: The effect of pH on thermal gelation and transglutaminase (TGase; EC2.3.2.13)-induced suwari (setting) of surimi and actomyosin pastes was investigated. A strong and elastic gel was produced from walleye pollack surimi paste at pH 7.0 in the presence of Ca²⁺ using a two-step heating method. In contrast, walleye pollack actomyosin paste formed a weak gel under the same conditions as a result of the low concentration of endogenous TGase. In the presence of EGTA [ethyleneglycol bis(2-aminoethylether) tetraacetic acid], weak gels were formed at pH values of 7.0 and 6.0. Non-proteolytic modori (gel weakening) occurred extensively in the course of actomyosin gelation, but not in surimi gelation. Maximum TGase-induced myosin heavy chain cross-linking was observed at a slightly higher pH of 7.5 than at the optimal pH of endogenous TGase activity; the difference being derived from different substrates. Gelation of carp actomyosin paste at pH values of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 was monitored by measuring storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G"). A weak gel was formed at all pH values, but a slightly rigid and less elastic gel was obtained at lower pH values. The addition of microbial TGase (MTGase) formed strong elastic gels at pH 7.0 and 6.5. MTGase cross-linked myosin heavy chains even at pH 5.5, but contributed neither to suwari response nor strong gel formation. Overall, results suggest that the optimal pH for the gelation of surimi paste from easy-setting fish species is a compromise between the pH-optima of TGase activity and of preferable actomyosin conformation for myosin cross-linking.     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶对鱼糜品质的影响

为了综合利用小杂鱼资源,以冻杂鱼浆为原料,探讨了谷氨酰胺转氨酶(简称TGase)的添加量、作用时间、作用温度对鱼糜制品的弹性和凝聚性的影响。单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验结果表明,TGase的最佳工艺参数水平组合为TGae的用量为0.10%,TGase的作用温度为35℃,作用时间为1.5 h。     

Inhibiting effect of polymerization and degradation of myosin heavy chain during preheating at 30°C and 50°C on the gel-forming ability of walleye pollack surimi

ABSTRACT: To confirm the contribution of polymerization and degradation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) during preheating to the gel-forming ability of fish meat paste, walleye pollack surimi paste was preheated at 30°C and 50°C prior to heating at 80°C in the presence of various inhibitors. At 30°C, ethyleneglycol bis(2-aminoethyl ether) -N,N,N ', N '-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and ethylenediaminetetraacitic acid (EDTA) inhibited gel formation as well as the polymerization of MHC, whereas dithiothreitol (DTT) and leupeptin promoted gel formation, which was accompanied by the enhancement of MHC polymerization and decreased MHC degradation, respectively. At 50°C, leupeptin inhibited MHC degradation and improved gel strength, whereas EGTA, EDTA and DTT had no effect on MHC polymerization and degradation and did not affect gel formation. The results demonstrate that the gel strength of cooked gel (80°C) is not affected by preheating at 30°C and 50°C and does not inhibit polymerization and degradation. Results suggest that the gel strength of cooked gel is dependent on the polymerization and degradation of MHC during preheating.     

从鱼糜下脚料中提取鱼油的研究

研究以金线鱼和长蛇鲻的混合鱼糜生产下脚料为材料,利用钾法提取鱼油。结果表明,钾法提取鱼油的工艺参数为水解pH为7.5,水解温度70℃,水解时间55min,硝酸钾用量4.5%,盐析时间30min,在该条件下鱼油的提取率达到64.5%。鱼油的理化性质达到了SC/T3502-2000标准粗鱼油的二级要求。鱼油中饱和脂肪酸的含量较高,占总量的48.59%;单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量相当,分别为24.48%和24.49%,多不饱和脂肪酸主要是DHA和EPA,含量分别为11.18%和5.17%。     

Contribution of the polymerization of protein by disulfide bonding to increased gel strength of walleye pollack surimi gel with preheating time

ABSTRACT: To clarify the contribution of polymerization of myosin heavy chain (MHC) by disulfide bonding to increased gel strength of cooked gel via preheating, the pastes of walleye pollack surimi (SS and C grades) were preheated at 25°C and 40°C for a variety of hours prior to heating at 80°C for 20 min. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns of cooked gels were analyzed with and without reducing the samples, which were solubilized in 8 M urea–2% SDS solution. The formation of polymers by disulfide bonding in cooked gels was almost constant in each of the SS and C grade surimi gels despite the period of preheating. Therefore, it was suggested that polymerization by disulfide bonding occurred during cooking at 80°C and not during preheating.     

水溶性壳聚糖对鱼糜制品保鲜效果的影响

研究了添加不同质量分数的水溶性壳聚糖对鱼糜制品冷藏保鲜效果的影响。以感官评分、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）、硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）和pH为指标,考察鱼糜制品在4℃冷藏过程中的品质变化。结果表明,水溶性壳聚糖能够明显抑制细菌的生长与繁殖,阻止感官品质的下降,延缓TVB-N和TBA的上升。其中,添加2.0%的水溶性壳聚糖保鲜效果最佳,与空白组相比,能将鱼糜制品的冷藏保鲜期从9 d延长至13～14 d。     

Preliminary Characterization of European Sardine Transglutaminase

Abstract

The significant role of transglutaminase (TGase) in the setting of surimi led us to perform its preliminary characterization in sardine muscle. The time course of the reaction and the effect of enzyme level were studied. The temperature optimum was around 35°C and the thermal stability was studied in the 15-55°C range. Higher TGase activity was measured in sardine dark muscle than in the white muscle. A slow decrease of TGase activity during ice storage of sardine was recorded, but after eight days in ice it was about 50% of its initial activity. Cold storage of sardine for a short period did not affect TGase activity.     

Optimum blends of different grades of surimi determined by non-linear programming

SUMMARY: The texture and color properties of surimi gels consisting of pollack surimi, golden threadfin-bream surimi, and low-grade hairtail surimi in various ratios were determined based on a mixture design. Surimi gels were produced by heating at 90°C for 20 min with the addition of 2% NaCl. The texture and color properties of blended surimi from various grades can be represented as non-linear functions. Therefore, non-linear programming was found to be appropriate for determining the optimum formulation for surimi products blended from various grades of surimi. About 3.3% to 18.8% of hairtail surimi could be used when blending with high-grade surimi to produce surimi seafood.