不同精粗比日粮添加甘露寡糖对绵羊瘤胃纤维降解率的影响

选取6只安装永久瘤胃瘘管羯羊(白萨福克♂×小尾寒羊♀)为瘤胃液供试动物,采用4×6二因子析因试验设计,共设2个因子,分别为不同精粗比日粮(A1(20:80)、A2(30:70)、A3(40:60)、A4(50:50))和不同甘露寡糖添加量(B1 (0)、B2 (0.4%)、B3 (0.8%)、B4 (1.2%)、B5 (1.6%)、B6 (2.0%)),进行尼龙袋半体内试验,旨在研究不同精粗比日粮中添加甘露寡糖对绵羊瘤胃中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)降解率的影响。结果表明,A因子对日粮中不同时间点NDF、ADF瘤胃降解率、降解参数及有效降解率均产生了显著影响(P< 0.05),A1处理组的NDF和ADF各个时间点(除3 h外)的瘤胃降解率均显著高于A3和A4处理组(P< 0.05);B因子对3、6、9、12、48 h的瘤胃ADF降解率均产生了显著影响(P< 0.05),其中B5处理组显著高于B1、B2处理组(P< 0.05);A3处理组的NDF有效降解率显著高于A1、A2处理组(P< 0.05),稍高于A4处理组(P >0.05)。综上所述,在精粗比为40:60时,NDF和ADF的瘤胃有效降解率处于较高水平。     

不同精粗比日粮中添加甘露寡糖对绵羊体外发酵的影响

试验旨在研究不同精粗比日粮中添加甘露寡糖(MOS)对绵羊体外发酵的影响。采用4×6二因子析因试验设计,在4种精粗比日粮(20:80、30:70、40:60及50:50)中分别添加6个水平的MOS(0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%及2.0%),以体外产气法对各底物培养3、6、9、12和24h的产气量、甲烷(CH₄)产量、体外干物质消失率(IVDMD)、体外粗蛋白质消失率(IVCPD)、体外有机物质消失率(IVOMD)进行测定。结果表明:日粮精粗比对体外总产气量(除12、24h)和甲烷(CH₄)产量(除9h)均没有显著影响(P>0.05),日粮精粗比对IVDMD、IVOMD和IVCPD均产生了显著的影响(P<0.05);MOS仅对24h IVCPD产生了显著的影响(P<0.05);日粮精粗比和MOS的交互作用对体外产气量、CH₄产量、IVDMD、IVOMD和IVCPD均没有产生显著的影响(P>0.05)。随日粮中精饲料比例的上升,IVCPD下降而IVDMD和IVOMD在升高;随日粮中MOS比例的升高,IVCPD升高。综上所述,在精粗比为30:70的日粮中添加1.2% MOS效果最好。     

不同精粗比饲粮对牦牛瘤胃内环境的影响

旨在研究不同精粗比饲粮对西藏牦牛瘤胃内环境的影响.选取3周岁、平均体重(154.8±13.6)kg、健康无病的牦牛20头随机分为低精料组和高精料组,每组10头,公母各半,分别饲喂低精料(精粗比40∶60)和高精料(精粗比60 ∶ 40)饲粮,预试期10d,正试期90d(8、9和10月).结果:饲粮精料水平的提高显著降低...     

不同精粗比饲粮中添加异位酸对体外瘤胃发酵的影响

本文旨在探讨不同精粗比饲粮中添加异位酸对体外瘤胃发酵的影响.选用4只体况良好、平均体重(25.48±1.51)kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的阉割南江黄羊作为瘤胃液供体动物.用体外发酵法考察在3个精粗比(30∶70、50∶50和70∶30)饲粮中添加异位酸(1％)后的体外发酵参数变化.结果表明:经过24 h体外培养,不添加异位酸时,随精粗比由30∶70升高到70∶30,培养液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、乙酸/丙酸和乙酸占总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)的比例均显著下降(P＜0.05);产气量及乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度和丙酸占TVFA的比例均显著提高(P＜0.05).当精粗比为30∶70时,添加异位酸pH无明显变化,NH3-N浓度下降,产气量及微生物蛋白质(MCP)和丁酸浓度上升,但各项指标差异均不显著(P＞0.05),而乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度均显著提高(P＜0.05).当精粗比为50∶50时,添加异位酸可显著降低NH3-N浓度(P＜0.05),提高产气量及MCP、乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度(P＜0.05),而对pH、丁酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸无显著影响(P＞0.05).当精粗比为70∶30时,添加异位酸NH3-N浓度显著下降(P＜0.05),产气量及MCP、乙酸、丙酸和TVFA浓度显著上升(P＜0.05),而对pH和乙酸/丙酸均无显著影响(P＞0.05).饲粮中添加异位酸有利于提高有机物的消化率和NH3-N的利用,增加MCP、乙酸、丙酸和TVFA的合成.在本试验中,对于MCP和TVFA的合成而言,精料比例越高,添加异位酸的效果越好.     

不同精粗比日粮对绵羊瘤胃内纤维素酶活的影响

选取9只体况良好,带有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊,设三个不同精粗比,10∶90、30∶70、40∶60,二种待测粗饲料(麦秸和玉米秸)组成3×2因子试验,测定其CMCase活性。研究结果表明,不同精粗比日粮显著或极显著地影响着纤维素酶活(P<0 05或P<0 01)。其中平均纤维素酶活在30∶70时最高,其次为10∶90,最后为40∶60。不同饲料之间PAM的纤维素酶活差异显著,且两种饲料到达最大纤维素酶活的时间不同,麦秸为60h,玉米秸为48h。     

不同精粗比日粮对雷州山羊体外瘤胃发酵的影响

本试验通过体外发酵法,探讨皇竹草和精料以不同比例配制成的全混合日粮（TMR）对雷州山羊体外瘤胃发酵的影响。试验采用精料与皇竹草按干物质0：100（Ⅰ组）、10：90（Ⅱ组）、20：80（Ⅲ组）、30：70（Ⅳ组）和40：60（V组）比例配制日粮,在体外发酵的第4、8、12、24和48 h取样分析其发酵参数的变化,为皇竹草在雷州山羊TMR中的应用提供参考。结果显示,①随着精粗比的提高,粗蛋白质含量逐渐增高,纤维物质、粗灰分含量逐渐降低,且4、8、24、48 h累积产气量呈现极显著增长（P<0.01）。②随着发酵时间和精料添加比例的增加,瘤胃pH呈下降趋势,同一时间点,Ⅳ、Ⅴ组pH均显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）;干物质降解率呈上升趋势,同一时间点,Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的降解率均极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.01）;48 h的氨态氮浓度均高于4 h,4、24 h时各组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。③pH与累积产气量和干物质降解率呈显著或极显著的负相关,累积产气量与干物质降解率呈显著或极显著的正相关（P<0.05;P<0.01）;各个发酵时间pH与干物质、粗灰分、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维呈显著或极显著正相关,与粗蛋白质呈显著或极显著负相关（P<0.05;P<0.01）;累积产气量和干物质降解率与TMR日粮粗蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与干物质、粗灰分、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维呈显著或极显著负相关（P<0.05;P<0.01）。综上,在本试验条件下,精料和皇竹草的比例为30：70时,可获得较好的发酵效果,且可节约成本。     

不同精粗比对木薯茎叶型全混合日粮山羊瘤胃降解率的影响

本试验研究了以木薯茎叶为粗料、不同精粗比全混合日粮（TMR）养分在山羊瘤胃中的降解率,旨在为木薯茎叶在羊生产中的应用提供试验依据。选用6只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的海南黑山羊作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法评定6种不同精粗比（2∶8、3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4和7∶3）的TMR中干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的瘤胃降解率。结果表明,精粗比为4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3时的DM有效降解率均显著高于精粗比为2∶8、3∶7时的DM有效降解率（P<0.05）;精粗比为2∶8、3∶7、4∶6的CP有效降解率显著高于精粗比例为5∶5、6∶4、7∶3的CP有效降解率（P<0.05）;精粗比为5∶5时的NDF有效降解率显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）;精粗比为3∶7时的ADF有效降解率显著高于精粗比为4∶6、5∶5、6∶4和7∶3时的ADF有效降解率（P<0.05）。本试验中,精饲料与木薯茎叶比例为3∶7、4∶6和5∶5的全混合日粮养分有较高的瘤胃有效降解率,实际生产中建议使用精粗比4∶6~5∶5范围的TMR。     

绵羊常用蛋白质饲料在瘤胃的降解特性

通过尼龙袋法测定了１０ 种蛋白质饲料在绵羊瘤胃内的干物质和蛋白质降解率。结果表明：在所测的１０ 种饲料中,豆粕、花生饼和苜蓿干草的干物质和蛋白质降解率最高,菜籽饼、棉籽饼、芝麻饼和胡麻饼居中,葵花饼、鱼粉和玉米蛋白粉的干物质和蛋白质降解率最低。饲料的蛋白质降解率（Ｙ） 与其干物质降解率（Ｘ）表现出密切相关：Ｙ＝ ０－８１Ｘ＋ １２ ．２５（ｒ＝ ０．８５ ,Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 根据降解特性,对降解率高的饼粕类应考虑进行理化保护以减少其在瘤胃内的降解     

不同粗精比日粮对山羊瘤胃微生物氨基酸组成的影响

文中比较研究了不同粗精比日粮对山羊瘤胃微生物氨基酸组成的影响,结果表明,液相微生物和固相微生物的氨基酸组成有较大差异,前者含有更高比例的天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸,后者含有更高比例的亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸等必需氨基酸以及谷氨酸和酪氨酸。粗料比例增加增大了微生物赖氨酸和脯氨酸的含量,但减少了蛋氨酸和酪氨酸的百分含量,尤其是对与饲料颗粒疏松结合的细菌影响更大。     

应用Rusitec-S系统研究甘露寡糖对 绵羊体外瘤胃发酵的影响

本研究应用Rusitec-S型人工瘤胃模拟装置,采用单因素完全随机设计,在基础饲粮中分别添加0、0.8%、1.6%和2.4%的甘露寡糖(mannan oligosaccharides,MOS),测定总产气量、甲烷产量、养分降解率及培养液pH、总氮、氨氮、尿素氮、蛋白氮和挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及比例的变化,分析饲粮中添加甘露寡糖对绵羊体外瘤胃发酵的影响。试验共两期,每期9d(预试期7d,采样期2d),每个处理4个重复。结果表明,添加甘露寡糖对体外培养液pH、总氮、氨氮、尿素氮、蛋白氮和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、各挥发性脂肪酸比例、养分降解率及甲烷产量和总产气量均没有产生显著影响(P0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加甘露寡糖在人工瘤胃试验中不会影响瘤胃发酵模式。     

Effect of Adding Different Mannan Oligosaccharide to Diets with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratios on Rumen Degradability of Fiber in Sheep

To investigate the effect of adding mannan oligosaccharide to diets with different concentrate to forage ratios on the degradability of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) in rumen of sheep by nylon bags technique,6 wethers (White Suffolk♂×Small-tailed Han sheep♀) installed permanent rumen fistula were used for offering rumen fluid.The 4×6 two-factor experimental design was chosen and the two factors were the ratio of concentrate to forage (A1(20:80),A2(30:70),A3(40:60),A4(50:50)) and the dose of mannan oligosaccharide (B1 (0),B2 (0.4%),B3 (0.8%),B4 (1.2%),B5 (1.6%),B6 (2.0%)).The results showed that the rumen degradability of NDF and ADF in different times,degradation parameters and effective degradability were influenced by the factor A significantly (P< 0.05).The rumen degradability of NDF and ADF in each time of group A1 were higher than group A3 and A4 (P< 0.05).Expect for 24 h,the rumen degradability of ADF were influenced significantly by the factor B,and the rumen degradability of ADF in group B5 was higher than group B1 and B2 (P< 0.05).The rumen effective degradability of NDF in group A3 was significantly higher than groups A1 and A2 (P< 0.05), and a little higher than group A4 (P >0.05),which showed that the rumen effective degradability of NDF and ADF were higher when the ratio of concentrate to forage was 40:60.     

Effects of Adding Mannan Oligosaccharides to Diets with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratios on Ruminal Fermentation of Sheep in vitro

The test was aimed at determining the effects of adding MOS to diets with different concentrate to forage ratios on ruminal fermentation of sheep in vitro.The 4×6 two-factor experimental design was chosen.There were 4 diets with different concentrate to forage ratios(20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50) and added to 6 dosages MOS(0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%), respectively.The method of gas production in vitro was used to measure the total gas and CH₄ production, IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD after cultured for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h.The results showed that the gas(except 12 and 24 h) and CH₄ production(except 9 h) were not impacted by the two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD, IVCPD and IVOMD were significantly affected by concentrate to forage ratios(P<0.05), while the IVCPD at 24 h was significantly affected by MOS(P<0.05).Meanwhile, all the indexes were not influenced by the interaction of two factors(P>0.05).The IVDMD and IVOMD increased with the rising of concentrate approximately, while the IVCPD decreased with the rising of MOS roughly.The biggest associative effect was gained in 30:70 concentrate to forage diet when adding 1.2% MOS.     

Effects of Diets with Different Concentrate to Forage Ratios on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Leizhou Goats

This study was conducted to study the effect of different ratios of concentrate to Pennisetum sinese Roxb in diet on in vitro rumen fermentation in Leizhou goats. In vitro fermentation method was used and diets with different concentrate to Pennisetum sinese Roxb were prepared which the ratio were 0:100 (group Ⅰ),10:90 (group Ⅱ),20:80 (group Ⅲ),30:70 (group Ⅳ) and 40:60 (group Ⅴ),respectively, and the samples were analyzed after fermented for at 4,8,12,24 and 48 h. The results showed that:①With the increase of the concentration to roughage ratios,the crude protein content of TMR diets increased and the fiber material and crude ash contents decreased gradually. With the increase of concentration,the gas production at 4,8,24,48 h were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).②With the increase of fermentation time and the concentration to roughage ratios,the pH of rumen fluid were decreased,and pH of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly lower than groups Ⅰand Ⅱ at the same time (P<0.05).And the dry matter degradation were increased,and that of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ were extremely significantly higher than groups Ⅰand Ⅱ at the same time (P<0.01). The NH₃-N content at 48 h was higher than that at 4 h and there was no siginificant difference among groups at 4 and 24 h (P>0.05).③The correlation between pH and accumulated gas production, dry matter degradation rate were significantly or extremely significantly negative,that between accumulated gas production and dry matter degradation rate were significantly or extremely significantly positive (P<0.05;P<0.01).The correlation between pH and dry matter, crude ash, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were significantly or extremely significantly positive,that with crude protein was significantly or extremely significantly negative (P<0.05;P<0.01).And the correlation between cumulated gas production,dry matter degradation rate and crude protein was significantly or extremely significantly positive,while that with the dry matter,crude ash,crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were significantly or extremely significantly negative (P<0.05;P<0.01). In summary, under the conditions of this test, the appropriate ratio of concentrate to Pennisetum sinese Roxb was 30:70 in which Leizhou goat could get a better fermentation effect and cost savings.     

日粮不同精粗比对肉羊氮沉积和尿嘌呤衍生物排出量的影响

本试验旨在研究肉羊在不同日粮精粗比条件下氮沉积和尿嘌呤衍生物的排出规律。选择12只体况健康的9月龄、体重(47.21±3.35)kg杜×寒杂交绵羊公羊,试验日粮为12种不同精粗比的全混合颗粒饲料,采用12×4不完全拉丁方设计,进行4期消化代谢试验,试验每期19 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期5 d,采用全收粪、尿法。结果表明:随日粮精粗比的提高,尿氮排出量和氮沉积量均显著提高(P<0.05),日粮精粗比对粪氮排出量的影响不显著(P>0.05),氮沉积量与氮采食量之间存在线性相关(R2=0.72,P<0.05);尿中尿囊素排出量和总尿嘌呤衍生物排出量均随日粮精粗比升高而显著升高(P<0.05),尿囊素、尿酸、黄嘌呤和次黄嘌呤排出量占总尿嘌呤衍生物排出量的比例变化范围分别为69.92%~84.76%、2.89%~7.58%和9.39%~25.04%。日粮精粗比对粪氮与尿氮有不同的影响,对尿嘌呤衍生物排出量影响显著;尿嘌呤衍生物排出量与尿氮排出量存在着线性相关,相关方程为Y=0.429X+0.324(R2=0.85)。     

日粮不同氮硫比对肉羊瘤胃营养物质发酵特性及养分降解的影响

为研究不同水平的含硫量及氮硫比对肉用绵羊瘤胃发酵及养分降解的影响,本试验选取16只体重相近(40.78±3.65)kg、装有永久瘤胃瘘管的杂交一代羯羊,随机均分为4组,定量饲喂4种不同含硫量和氮硫比(0.15%,N∶S=10.5、0.20%,N∶S=9、0.25%,N∶S=7.5和0.30%,N:S=6)的日粮。结果表明:肉羊日粮中增加硫或降低氮硫比瘤胃pH不受影响,但NH3-N浓度显著下降、瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸明显增加。肉羊日粮中添加适宜的硫和氮硫比可促进瘤胃纤维和蛋白的降解。肉羊日粮中适宜的含硫量为0.25%、氮硫比为7.5。     

不同精粗比条件下添加支链氨基酸对绵羊瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响

本试验旨在利用体外发酵培养技术和正交试验设计研究在不同精粗比（20：80、40：60和60：40）条件下添加支链氨基酸（缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸）不同组合对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响,并对支链氨基酸间的组合效应进行分析以筛选在不同精粗比底物条件下支链氨基酸的最佳组合。结果表明,无论发酵底物精粗比如何,添加支链氨基酸对体外发酵pH、NDF降解率（NDFD）和乙酸/丙酸均无显著影响（P>0.05）,而DM降解率（DMD）在各组合间存在差异。当发酵底物精粗比为20：80时,3种氨基酸对氨态氮（NH₃-N）、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）的影响均具有组合效应（P<0.05）;其中异丁酸和戊酸水平随缬氨酸添加水平的增加而升高（P<0.01）;异戊酸水平则受亮氨酸和异亮氨酸添加水平的影响（P<0.05）。当发酵底物精粗比为40：60时,异丁酸水平随着缬氨酸添加水平增加而升高（P<0.01）;异戊酸浓度受3种支链氨基酸的影响（P<0.05）。当精粗比为60：40时,添加支链氨基酸主要影响异丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸的水平;其中异丁酸主要受缬氨酸的影响（P<0.01）,异戊酸受亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的影响（P<0.01）,戊酸受缬氨酸和异亮氨酸的影响（P<0.05）。从异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸来看,添加3种氨基酸均表现出明显的组合效应（P<0.05）。综上所述,以DMD为指标,当发酵底物精粗比为20：80时,缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸的最佳添加水平为0.67、2.00、1.33 mmol/L;当底物精粗比为40：60和60：40时,无需额外添加3种支链氨基酸。