妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平对产后羔羊生长性能、器官发育和血清抗氧化指标的影响

本试验在干物质采食量一致条件下,改变精料补充料与饲草比例调控妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平,旨在研究其对产后羔羊生长性能、器官发育和血清抗氧化指标的影响。选用健康、年龄[(11.0±1.0)月龄]和体重[(44.43±2.20)kg]相近、妊娠90 d的怀双羔初产湖羊母羊66只,分为3组,每组22只。以干物质为基础按照精料补充料与饲草比例分别为5∶5(5∶5组)、4∶6(4∶6组)和3∶7(3∶7组)饲喂至产羔,产羔后各组母羊饲喂相同的全混合日粮,自由采食。出生10、60 d屠宰羔羊测定各组织器官重量,出生20、60 d采集羔羊血清测定血清抗氧化指标。结果表明:1)妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平对羔羊初生重、哺乳期(出生0~60 d)羔羊体重均无显著影响(P0.05),但随营养水平降低,羔羊初生重有降低趋势(0.05≤P0.10),出生40和50 d体重有增加趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。2)出生0 d,随着妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低,羔羊的胸深极显著提高(P0.01),体斜长显著降低(P0.05);出生60 d,随着妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低,羔羊的胸深、曲冠臀长显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01)。3)出生10 d,羔羊的肝脏、肺脏的重量随妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低而显著降低(P0.05);出生60 d,各组羔羊的组织器官重量差异不显著(P0.05)。4)出生20和60 d,随着妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低,羔羊血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)含量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著降低(P0.01)。妊娠后期通过精料补充料与饲草比例调控母羊饲粮营养水平时发现,低营养水平(低精料补充料比例)能够降低羔羊初生重,但经补偿生长作用,羔羊血清抗氧化能力得到提高,生长性能也得到恢复。     

妊娠后期母羊饲粮精料比例对羔羊生长性能、消化性能及血清抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期母羊饲粮精料比例对羔羊生长性能、消化性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响。试验选用66只妊娠90 d、平均体重为(44.45±2.20)kg的初产湖羊,按照体重相近原则随机分为3组,每组11个重复,每个重复2只。各组母羊妊娠期饲粮精料比例分别为50%、40%和30%,分娩后母羊饲喂相同的全混合日粮(TM R)。羔羊10日龄,每只母羊取1只羔羊断母乳,饲喂代乳粉;15日龄补饲开食料;20日龄补饲苜蓿干草,自由采食至60日龄。每10 d测定1次羔羊体重,51~60日龄进行羔羊消化代谢试验,20和60日龄采集羔羊血液测定血清抗氧化指标。结果表明:妊娠后期母羊饲粮精料比例对羔羊1、10、20、30、40、50、60日龄体重,20、60日龄体尺指标及营养物质表观消化率均无显著影响(P0.05)。随母羊饲粮精料比例降低,20日龄羔羊血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著升高(P0.01),60日龄50%组显著或极显著低于其他2组(P0.05或P0.01);30%组20和60日龄羔羊血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著高于其他2组(P0.01);血清中MDA的含量在20日龄时随母羊饲粮精料比例的降低而极显著降低(P0.01),60日龄时50%组显著高于30%组(P0.05)。结果提示,妊娠后期母羊饲粮的精料比例对产后早期断奶羔羊的体重、体尺、营养物质表观消化率无显著影响,但随母羊饲粮精料比例的降低,羔羊血清的抗氧化能力提高。     

补饲日粮不同精粗比对妊娠后期藏母羊生产性能及血清指标的影响

试验旨在研究补饲日粮不同精粗比添加量对妊娠后期藏母羊生产性能及血清生化指标的影响,以确定母羊补饲日粮适宜精粗比。试验采用单因素完全随机区组设计,将900只体况良好,体重、胎次和配种时间接近的妊娠后期105 d藏母羊,随机分为3个处理,每个处理300只羊。分别饲喂3种不同精粗比(精料补充料麦青干草=46,55,64)的妊娠后期藏母羊补饲日粮,试验期45 d。结果表明:1随着精粗比例的提高,母羊分娩后失重越小,母羊的产羔率和羔羊的初生重也随之提高,羔羊的初生重Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组差异不显著(P0.05),但都极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),饲喂精粗比为55和64的补饲日粮,母羊的生产性能较好;2随着精粗比例的提高,三组血清中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHO)的含量差异不显著,Ⅱ组含量最高,只有血糖(GLU)含量随之升高,但Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组差异不显著(P0.05),饲喂精粗比为55补饲日粮,母羊的血清营养物质含量较高;3饲喂精粗比为55补饲日粮,经济效益最好。在本试验条件下,妊娠后期母羊补饲日粮的适宜精粗比(精料补充料和燕麦青干草日补饲量分别为75 g/只,DE和NDF水平分别为1.37 MJ和50.42 g)为55,45 d补饲成本为15.86元/只。     

复合益生菌和氨基酸优化对妊娠后期母羊繁殖性能、羔羊生长性能的影响

选取同期配种妊娠后期母羊90只,随机分成3组,每组30只。妊娠期间母羊采食相同的粗料,补饲不同的精料补充料,试验Ⅱ组补饲1 g/(d·只)复合益生菌至产羔。哺乳期间母羊饲养管理一致,羔羊随母哺乳且7日龄起补饲不同的羔羊精料补充料,研究复合益生菌对妊娠后期母羊繁殖性能、氨基酸优化技术和复合益生菌瘤胃调控技术对羔羊生长性能的影响,从而探索母子代高效养殖模式。试验结果显示:母羊妊娠期152.9±2.5 d,无明显差异,试验Ⅱ组显著增加了羔羊初生重。羔羊在实现47 d早期断奶时,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组断奶体重和平均日增重均有极显著提高;试验Ⅱ组羔羊血清中GLB显著高于对照组,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血清中A/G显著低于对照组,试验Ⅱ组和对照组血清中UREA显著降低,试验Ⅱ组血清中GLU显著高于试验Ⅰ组。由此可见,妊娠后期母羊日粮加入复合益生菌,显著增加羔羊出生重,可促进胎儿在母体中生长发育,羔羊补饲适宜赖氨酸和复合益生菌的精料补充料,羔羊表现出更强的生长性能。     

湖羊妊娠后期补饲颗粒料的效果试验

本试验旨在探讨湖羊妊娠后期补饲颗粒料对母羊繁殖性能、羔羊初生重、断奶重以及经济效益的影响。试验采用随机分组设计,将30头妊娠后期湖羊随机分成对照组和试验组,每组15头,对照组补饲羊场自配粉料,试验组补饲研制的颗粒饲料,两组基础日粮饲喂一致。试验预饲期为10d,正式试验期120d,待羔羊出生后分别测定羔羊初生重和断奶重,统计母羊产羔率和羔羊成活率,并分析不同补饲方式下的经济效益。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组母羊繁殖率和羔羊存活率分别提高了13%和6%;较对照组相比,补饲颗粒料对羔羊初生重无显著影响(P>0.05),但试验组羔羊平均断奶总重比对照组羔羊提高了2.17kg(P<0.05),试验组羔羊平均日增重(237g/d)比对照组(199g/d)提高了18.15%(P<0.05);补饲颗粒料的经济效益比补饲自配粉料提高了27.91%。试验表明,湖羊妊娠后期补饲颗粒料切实可行,能提升湖羊养殖效益。     

两种饲料补饲对妊娠后期青海半细毛羊羔羊初生重的影响

为了探讨牧户传统自配饲料与全价精料补饲对妊娠后期青海半细毛羊羔羊初生重的影响,选择体重、胎次、预产期基本相近的青海半细毛羊妊娠母羊60只,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组30只,在临近预产期42d开始进行补饲试验。结果表明,试验组羔羊平均初生重为3.41kg;对照组羔羊平均初生重为3.06kg;试验组羔羊比对照组羔羊高0.35kg,提高11.33%,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

藏母羊妊娠期日粮蛋白水平对初生羔羊GH基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究藏母羊妊娠后期日粮蛋白水平对初生羔羊GH基因表达的影响,为妊娠后期及胎儿发育合理的日粮营养提供依据。选择年龄、胎次、体况相近的藏母羊60只,随机分为2组,每组30只羊;2组母羊妊娠前期(0～85 d)放牧饲养;妊娠后期(86～150 d)舍饲饲养,分别饲喂能量相同而蛋白水平为7.5%和13.5%的日粮。测定初生羔羊内脏器官、肌肉组织和胃肠道中GH基因表达量。结果表明,13.5%蛋白组羔羊心、肝、肺、瓣胃、皱胃、空肠中GH基因的表达量显著高于7.5%蛋白组(P<0.05)。妊娠后期提高藏母羊日粮蛋白水平能显著提高胎儿内脏器官、肌肉组织和胃肠道的生长发育。     

妊娠后期代谢能水平对绒山羊血浆生殖激素浓度、初乳产量及乳成分的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期饲粮代谢能水平对绒山羊母羊增重、血浆生殖激素浓度、初乳产量、初乳乳成分及羔羊初乳期生长的影响。选用18只体重(39.75±2.86)kg、年龄3~4岁,处于妊娠91 d的内蒙古白绒山羊,随机分为3组,每组6只。根据NRC制订基础饲粮,各组饲粮代谢能分别为7.70(基础饲粮的70%)、11.00(基础饲粮,对照组)、14.30 MJ/kg(基础饲粮的130%)。预试期为妊娠91~100 d,正试期为妊娠第110天至产后第5天。结果表明:1)14.30 M J/kg饲粮代谢能可显著提高妊娠后期血浆雌二醇(E2)浓度平均值、妊娠后期母羊体增重、产后第1~4天初乳乳蛋白含量及初乳期羔羊平均日增重(P0.05);母羊饲粮代谢能水平对母羊血浆孕酮(P4)及催乳素(PRL)浓度、初乳乳脂含量(产后第4天除外)、羔羊初生重影响不显著(P0.05)。2)7.70 MJ/kg饲粮代谢能可降低妊娠后期母羊血浆E2、P4及PRL浓度平均值,妊娠后期母羊体增重,羔羊初生重,初乳产量(产后第5天除外),初乳乳蛋白含量(产后第1、3天除外),初乳期羔羊平均日增重,但影响不显著(P0.05),显著降低初乳乳脂含量(产后第3天除外)(P0.05)。因此,饲粮代谢能为14.30 M J/kg更适合妊娠后期母羊,为应对饲草料不足可以以代谢能为7.70 MJ/kg的饲粮限饲。     

饲粮中添加铬对妊娠后期母羊繁殖性能及其子代羔羊生长发育的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加铬对妊娠后期母羊繁殖性能及其子代羔羊生长发育的影响。选用胎次(2胎)相同、体重[(52.36±8.24) kg]相近的处于妊娠(90±4) d的乐至黑山羊母羊40只,预饲7 d后,随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只羊,单栏单饲。4组母羊分别饲喂在基础饲粮(铬含量为0.39 mg/kg DM)中添加0(对照)、0.4、1.2和2.0 mg/kg DM铬(铬源于丙酸铬)的试验饲粮。待母羊产仔后,调整羔羊数量使每只母羊所带羔羊数相等,进行母乳饲养至羔羊21日龄,试验期共81 d。结果显示:1)在妊娠后期母羊饲粮中添加不同水平的铬对妊娠后期和产后1～21 d母羊的干物质采食量(DMI)以及子代羔羊的生长性能均没有显著影响(P0.05)。2)在妊娠后期母羊饲粮中添加不同水平的铬对妊娠120 d母羊血清促黄体素(LH)和雌二醇(E2)含量没有显著影响(P0.05),但是可以线性提高妊娠120 d母羊血清孕酮(P4)含量(P=0.016 2),且血清促卵泡素(FSH)含量随铬添加水平的升高呈现先升高再降低的二次曲线变化趋势(P=0.050 4),在铬添加水平为0.4 mg/kg DM时有最大值。3)在妊娠后期母羊饲粮中添加不同水平的铬可以线性提高21日龄子代羔羊的肾脏指数(P=0.011 4)和瘤胃指数(P=0.024 8),且胸腺指数(P=0.014 0)随着铬添加水平的升高呈现先升高再降低的二次曲线变化,并在铬添加水平为1.2 mg/kg DM时有最大值。综合以上结果可知,在饲粮中添加铬可以在一定程度上提高妊娠后期母羊血清繁殖相关激素含量,并且可提高21日龄子代羔羊肾脏、胸腺和瘤胃指数。     

延胡索酸对妊娠后期山羊营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸含量、血清生化指标和繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在研究延胡索酸对妊娠后期山羊营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸含量、血清生化指标和繁殖性能的影响。选用20只体重(36.5±2.5) kg、2～3岁、处于妊娠期90 d的湘东黑山羊,随机分成2组,每组10只。2组分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)和基础饲粮+2%的延胡索酸(延胡索酸组)。预试期为妊娠期90～94 d,正试期为妊娠期95 d至产羔。结果表明:与对照组相比,延胡索酸组妊娠后期山羊营养物质采食和表观消化率无显著变化(P0.05);采食后2.5 h瘤胃中乙酸、丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸含量和丙酸比例显著升高(P0.05),乙丙比显著下降(P0.05);血清丙二醛、雌二醇和雌三醇含量显著降低(P0.05),血清催乳素、孕酮含量和过氧化氢酶活性显著升高(P0.05);母羊妊娠后期增重有升高趋势(0.05≤P0.10),羔羊初生总重显著增加(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加2%的延胡索酸,可以提高妊娠后期山羊瘤胃中总挥发性脂肪酸含量,发酵模式向丙酸型转变,并有助于提高机体抗氧化能力、母羊妊娠后期增重和羔羊初生总重。     

对妊娠后期甘肃高山细毛羊补饲秸秆全价颗粒饲料效果的研究

试验采用放牧+补饲的方式,分别利用玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆全价颗粒饲料在冷季对妊娠后期甘肃高山细毛羊进行补饲,测定妊娠后期母羊体重、血清生化指标、瘤胃液发酵参数及羔羊初生重。试验选取体况相近且健康的妊娠后期母羊60只,随机分为3组,每组20只。试验组补饲营养量根据中国美利奴羊妊娠后期母羊的饲养标准确定（扣除放牧采食量）,试验组Ⅰ补饲小麦秸秆全价颗粒饲料（1.19 kg/（只·d））,试验组Ⅱ补饲玉米秸秆全价颗粒饲料（1.19 kg/（只·d））,对照组按牧民传统方式（玉米0.05 kg/（只·d）、燕麦草0.2 kg/（只·d））补饲,正试期60 d。结果表明,试验组妊娠母羊的平均日增重、羔羊初生重均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而两试验组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;试验组妊娠母羊血液总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、总胆固醇浓度及谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组妊娠母羊瘤胃液中总氮、蛋白氮、挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丙酸摩尔比均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而乙酸摩尔比显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述,补饲小麦秸秆或玉米秸秆全价颗粒饲料均可改善妊娠后期甘肃高山细毛羊营养状况,促进羔羊的生长发育。     

The effect of high calcium intake by pregnant Awassi ewes at late gestation on minerals status and performance of ewes and newborn lambs

Calcium (Ca) requirement increase rapidly by pregnant ewes at late gestation as a result of high fetal growth. Furthermore, Ca deficiency results in poor growth and bone development in growing newborn lambs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation (Calcium carbonate–CC) and vitamin AD₃E injection (75,000 IU/shot) to pregnant Awassi ewes at late gestation (− 45 days prepartum) on their mineral levels and performance of their newborn lambs. Forty pregnant Awassi ewes at late gestation (65 ± 6.1 kg) were selected before parturition (− 45 days; using hormonal sponges for estrus synchronization) and randomly divided to 4 dietary treatments. The treatments were: group 1 Control (1.4% CC); group 2 (2.4% CC); group 3 (1.4% CC + 2 shots vitamin AD3E at − 45 and − 21 days prepartum); group 4 (2.4% CC + 2 shots vitamin AD3E at − 45 and − 21 days prepartum). Blood samples were collected from ewes (− 45, 0 days prepartum: 30 and 60 days postpartum) and lambs (0, 30 and 60 days old). Average milk yield and samples were collected. Body weights of lambs were taken at birth, 30 and 60 days old. Blood serum and milk samples were prepared and analyzed by AAS for Ca, Mg, Co, Mn and Cu concentrations.Calcium concentrations in bloods serum of ewes, 0 and 60 days postpartum, and lambs at weaning (60 days old) from group 4 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to other groups. No significant effect (P > 0.05) of treatment on Co, Mg and Cu in blood serum of ewes and lambs except for Cu concentration in ewes. Moreover, a significant increase (P < 0.01) in milk inorganic% (30 and 60 days samples) in ewes from group 2 when compared with other groups. The average milk yield (AMY) of ewes from group 2 and 4 at late stage of lactation (45–60 days) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to groups 1 and 3. In addition, Ca% in colostrums samples from ewes in groups 2 and 4 were significantly higher (P < 0.01). The average daily gain (ADG) and total body gain for lambs up to weaning (60 days old) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in groups 1 and 2 compared with the other groups.In conclusion, increasing level of Ca intake in feed of Awassi ewes at late gestation, with or without vitamin AD₃E injections, improve the calcium concentration in colostrums and blood serum of ewes and their lambs without negative effect in their health and performance.     

Experimental study on the effect of in-feed administration of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff on certain biochemical and hematological parameters of growing and fattening pigs

Twenty twin-bearing Shropshire ewes were either maintained on an adequate (H) or 60% restricted feeding level (L) during the last 6 weeks of gestation. The ewes were sired by a ram selected for either high daily growth (Growth, G) or increased cross-sectional area of m. Longissimus dorsi (LD) combined with minimal fat thickness above LD (Meat, M). The male offspring (n = 23) from these ewes were studied with regard to production, fibre type, bone parameters and meat quality traits. Maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation caused a reduced birth weight of the offspring, a low growth rate from birth to weaning, yet compensatory growth after weaning. No relation was found between maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation and meat quality in terms of proteolytic potential, myofibrillar fragmentation index or shear force measured in meat from 5 month old lambs. The data do not support the hypothesis of a long-term programming effect of maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation on meat tenderness. However, a long-term effect of maternal nutrient restriction was found for bone growth. Femur weight was significantly reduced in L-lambs and cortical bone density and mean relative wall thickness were significantly increased by maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation, suggesting that only some of the bone parameters evaluated express compensatory growth. The effects of maternal nutrition in late gestation on bone parameters have implications for the robustness of breeding stock.     

The effectiveness of copper oxide wire particles as an anthelmintic in pregnant ewes and safety to offspring

The objective of the experiment was to determine the effectiveness of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) in pregnant ewes and safety to lambs. COWP have been used recently as an anthelmintic in small ruminants to overcome problems associated with nematode resistance to chemical dewormers. Doses of COWP (相似文献   

瘤胃保护型亮氨酸对滩羊母羊繁殖性能、消化性能及初乳品质的影响

本试验旨在探讨瘤胃保护型亮氨酸(RP-Leu)对滩羊母羊繁殖性能、消化性能及初乳品质的影响。选取体重为(42.18±2.62)kg的经产滩羊母羊48只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复4只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在对照组基础上分别添加0.10%、0.20%和0.30%的RP-Leu。试验期为妊娠后第35天始至分娩后第60天(断奶)结束。结果表明:与对照组相比,妊娠期母羊饲粮添加0.20%RP-Leu显著提高了羔羊初生重和断奶重(P0.05),显著提高了妊娠期母羊粗蛋白质的表观消化率(P0.05),显著提高了初乳中乳脂、乳蛋白和乳糖含量(P0.05),同时显著降低了母羊分娩后第15天血清尿素氮含量(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加0.20%RP-Leu能够改善妊娠滩羊氮沉积和初乳品质,同时实现促进羔羊生长发育的目的。     

Effect of gestation-lactation diet calcium and zinc levels and of parenteral vitamins A, D and E during gestation on ewe body weight and on lamb weight and survival

Data on ewe body weights and on lamb birth and weaning weights and survival rates were recorded on a total of 557 multiparous Rambouillet, Hampshire X Suffolk and Synthetic I (composite of Finnish Landrace, Rambouillet and Polled Dorset) ewes in two experiments started after the first trimester of gestation. In Exp. 1, a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments included all combinations of low (.24% in gestation and .48% in lactation), or high (.80%) dietary Ca and low (20 ppm) or high (74 ppm) dietary Zn. No effect of dietary Ca or Zn level and no Ca X Zn interaction with respect to number of lambs born or weaned, birth weight, weaning weight or survival rate of the lambs or body weight of the ewes was shown. Mean number of lambs born was 1.63 +/- .71 with a survival rate of 85.0 +/- .3% and a weaning weight (59 d) of 19.4 +/- 4.4 kg. Experiment 2 was a repeat of Exp. 1 except that two intramuscular injections of vitamins A, D and E (d 65 and 93 of experiment) were given to one-half of the ewes in each diet group. There was no effect of dietary Ca or Zn level or of vitamin administration on ewe body weight changes, number of lambs born (1.89 +/- .55), survival rate (86.6 +/- .3%), lamb birth weight 4.6 +/- 1.5 kg) or lamb weaning weight (23.2 +/- 7.2 kg). Blood plasma Ca, inorganic P and Mg concentrations of ewes in late pregnancy were unaffected by diet or vitamin injections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Copper oxide needles administered during early pregnancy improves the copper status of ewes and their lambs

AIM: To determine the effect of copper oxide (CuO) needles administered orally to ewes in early pregnancy on the copper (Cu) status of ewes throughout gestation and lactation, and of their lambs from birth to weaning. METHODS: In mid-April, after mating, 12 twin-bearing ewes were given an oral capsule containing 5 g CuO needles while 12 others served as untreated controls. Changes in Cu status were monitored by determining serum and liver Cu concentrations on Days 1, 62, 117, 153, 185 and 216 in the ewes, and at 1, 36, 68 and 99 days of age for lambs. Pasture herbage samples were collected at about 60-day intervals for Cu, molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe) and sulphur (S) determinations. RESULTS: Copper status of the ewe flock was adequate, as initial mean serum and liver Cu concentrations were 15 micromol/L and 1,060 micromol/kg fresh tissue, respectively. The CuO needles did not affect serum Cu concentrations of the ewes or their lambs. Mean serum Cu concentration of all lambs at birth was about half that of ewes (8 vs 17 micromol/L), regardless of Cu supplementation, and not until at least 68 days of age was it similar to the dams'. Liver Cu concentrations of lambs at birth were also lower than that of the ewes (380 vs 640 micromol/kg fresh tissue among the controls), but changed little over time. CuO treatment increased liver Cu concentration in ewes for at least 185 days and in lambs for 36 days (p<0.05). Among untreated ewes, there was a seasonal decline in mean liver Cu concentrations, which were highest in autumn and lowest in early spring (1,060 vs 370 micromol/kg fresh tissue). The mean pasture mineral concentrations were Cu 5.7, Mo 0.48, Fe 194 and S 2,900 mg/kg dry matter (DM). CONCLUSIONS: CuO needles administered to ewes in early pregnancy increased their Cu status through gestation and early lactation, and the Cu status of their lambs for 36 days from birth. Serum Cu concentration was not affected by treatment but a marked rise was observed in all lambs between birth and 10 weeks of age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Copper deficiency in young lambs may be conveniently and effectively prevented by treating ewes with CuO needles during early pregnancy. The serum Cu concentration in lambs <8 weeks old may not reflect the Cu status of the flock.     

能量对妊娠后期母羊健康及其羔羊的影响

妊娠后期是胎儿生长发育的关键时期,胎儿体重增长的80%在此阶段完成,因此该阶段母羊的能量需要量大于其他生理阶段。高产多胎是肉用种母羊的重要培育目标,当母羊处于营养水平较低的草场或舍饲条件下,怀双羔或多羔母羊的日粮能量水平不能满足其营养需要时,母羊会动用体内的糖原、体蛋白和体脂以弥补能量不足,致使母羊的代谢紊乱,肝机能受损,产生羊妊娠毒血症,影响母羊的健康和胚胎的健康生长,产出弱羔、病羔,并可能影响产后羔羊的健康生长。因此,研究妊娠后期能量水平对母羊健康、胚胎发育、羔羊生长及肉羊养殖业的发展都有重要的指导意义。作者对不同能量水平对妊娠母羊的健康、繁殖性能、泌乳性能、胚胎与羔羊生长的影响展开讨论,阐明妊娠后期能量的作用。当母羊妊娠后期能量受到限制时,母羊的体重降低,乳腺发育受阻,泌乳能力下降,受胎率下降;同时胚胎的生长速度降低,影响胚胎与产后羔羊组织器官发育和正常生长。     

Effect of Energy Levels During Late Gestation on the Ewe Health and Growth Performance of Lambs

The late pregnancy is a critical period of fetal growth and development. As approximately 80% of fetal body weight is obtained during late gestation, so that the amount of energy needed for the ewes at this period is much greater than the other periods. Now ewes with multiple fetuses are mutton sheep breeding cultivation objectives, however,under the grazing or confined feeding conditions where nutrient requirement can't satisfy the nutrient requirement of sheep, especially for pregnant ewes with twins or more lambs.The body glycogen and protein as well as body fat will be mobilized for energy needed for the fetal growth and reproduction, which would lead to bad influence on ewes (metabolic disorders, liver function damage, pregnancy toxemia, embryonic development and health) and also on lamb (weak lamb, dead lamb and health). Therefore, investigating the effects of dietary energy levels during late gestation on the ewe's health and growth performance of lambs are essential for the sustainability of livestock production systems. This review summarized the effect of different energy levels on the ewes' health, reproductive performance of the ewes, lactation performance, embryo development and the growth of lambs, then expounded the roles of energy in later gestation. When the dietary energy of ewes in late gestation are restricted, the weight, breast development, lactation capacity, pregnancy rate will all be decreased, and the growth rate and organ development of embryos and lamb will also be restricted.