计算机在现代家禽生产中的应用

本文综述了计算机在现代家禽育种、保种,优化家禽饲料配方,家禽疾病诊断与防控,家禽产品质量检测,家禽生产管理中的应用概况,同时简述了计算机网络在家禽生产中的应用。     

中草药在家禽生产中的应用

中草药具有价格低廉、副作用小、无药残等优点,因其可改善肉蛋品质、促进家禽生长发育、提高家禽免疫力,而得到养殖户的认同。主要分析了将中草药应用于家禽生产所显现的优势及其在家禽生产中的应用情况,旨在使养殖户对中草药在家禽生产中的应用有所了解,从而科学、合理使用中草药及其制剂,以充分利用我国丰富的中草药资源,使之在养禽生产中发挥更重要的作用。     

微量元素铬、砷在家禽生产中的应用

微量元素是家禽生长和发育必需的营养成分。微量元素不仅参与家禽体内蛋白质、氨基酸、核酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素以及微量元素本身等营养物质的代谢,而且还在骨骼发育、生殖、免疫、凝血、生物膜稳定等生理机能中担负起重要作用。近年来,有关微量元素在家禽生产中的应用研究多见报道。本文就有关微量元素铬、砷在家禽生产中的应用作一综述。１铬在家禽生产中的应用国内对铬在家禽生产中的应用研究较少,Ｊｅｎｓｅｎ（１９７８）报道,添加５×１０-６铬可显著提高鸡蛋的哈氏单位。Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ（１９８９）发现,给雏火鸡补充铬,可…     

关注益生菌

在食品安全背景下,益生菌在家禽生产中的应用日益引起人们的重视。本专题就益生菌的来源和种类、作用机理、在家禽生产中的应用、国内外益生菌生产应用现状、益生菌研究存在的问题等各方面进行介绍。     

饲喂家禽富含DHA的饲料有助于人体健康

<正>奥特奇(Alltech)的注册营养师称,富含微藻类的饲料对生产富含DHA(二十二碳六烯酸,俗称"脑黄金")的鸡蛋和鸡肉有利。奥特奇的注册营养师Nikki Putnam在2015年IPPE奥特奇早餐会上讨论了动物饲料中DHA的使用情况。鸡肉和鸡蛋的生产商们有能力生产改善人类健康的产品,这样做可以让他们获得竞争优势。关键是向家禽饲喂富含DHA的饲料,并向消费者推     

低蛋白日粮在家禽养殖中的研究进展

家禽低蛋白日粮能够降低氮排泄量,但会对生产性能产生不利影响,而通过分阶段合理降低蛋白水平、应用氨基酸平衡理念、结合养殖环境因素及添加抗氧化剂及酶制剂等方式,能够在节约成本降低排放前提下改善家禽的生产性能、免疫功能、肠道微生态及抗应激力。文章结合国内外关于低蛋白日粮在家禽饲料中应用的文章,就低蛋白日粮在家禽养殖中的研究进行系统综述,为低蛋白质日粮在家禽生产中的应用提供参考。     

酸化剂在家禽生产中的应用效果

酸化剂作为环保型饲料添加剂的应用研究越来越受人们的重视。本文系统介绍了酸化剂的种类、作用机理、在家禽生产中的应用效果以及使用过程存在的问题,旨在为今后酸化剂在家禽生产中的应用提供参考。     

四种有机微量元素在家禽生产中的应用

微量元素在家禽生产中发挥着重要的作用,随着畜牧养殖业的发展,微量元素在家禽上的研究日益增多。目前,有机微量元素的研究较为广泛,不同种类的有机微量元素在家禽生产中发挥不同的效果。本文综述了微量元素铜、铁、锌、锰对动物机体的作用以及有机铜、铁、锌、锰在家禽生产中的应用,为有机微量元素在家禽中应用提供参考。     

酶制剂在家禽生产中研究进展及应用

酶制剂是一种功能性饲料添加剂,在家禽养殖中应用可以促进营养物质的消化吸收,提高生产性能,减少环境污染.文章综述酶制剂在家禽养殖中的研究进展,提出酶制剂的未来发展趋势,为酶制剂在家禽生产中的应用提供参考.     

黄芪多糖在家禽生产中的应用

本文论述了黄芪多糖的生物学功能和在家禽生产中的应用情况。黄芪多糖能促进家禽机体生长,增强免疫功能,抗病毒,抗氧化,还能抑制细菌,在家禽生产中已经开始应用。     

Effect of dietary canola oil on long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acid content in broiler hearts

Young and healthy broilers are susceptible to sudden death syndrome (SDS), which is caused by cardiac arrhythmia. The long‐chain ‘fish‐type’ omega‐3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have cardioprotective anti‐arrhythmic effects in animals and humans. Raising the cardiac level of EPA and DHA in chickens may protect against SDS. However, fish oil as a source of EPA and DHA in poultry feed is costly and introduces undesirable properties to the meat. Whilst omega‐3 vegetable oils, such as canola oil, are cheaper and do not have a strong odour, they contain the short‐chain fatty acid α‐linolenic acid, which requires conversion to EPA and DHA after ingestion. We investigated the capacity for dietary canola oil to elevate cardiac EPA and DHA in broilers. Broilers were fed with diets containing either 3% canola oil or tallow, which is currently used in some commercial feeds. Upon completion of a 42 day feeding trial, canola oil significantly increased EPA and EPA + DHA in heart phospholipids relative to tallow. The elevation in cardiac EPA and EPA + DHA may provide anti‐arrhythmic effects and protect against SDS in poultry. This proof‐of‐concept biochemical study suggests that a larger study to assess the clinical outcome of SDS may be warranted.     

天然DHA牛奶产品开发

DHA（二十二碳六烯酸）属于ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸,对人类健康有着特殊的作用和影响,主要体现在改善记忆、促进视网膜形成及儿童脑发育等方面。主要阐述了使用经过包埋处理的微藻粉对奶牛的饲料进行DHA强化生产天然DHA原料奶的生产技术。利用该技术生产的原料奶天然含有DHA成分,不需要进行后期的添加。该原料奶具备正常原奶的加工特性,并加工各个类型产品,可以保证产品中天然含有DHA组分。     

白藜芦醇的生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用

白藜芦醇是一种天然多酚类化合物,存在于多种植物中。近年来,白藜芦醇因具有多种有益生物学功能,得到了人们的广泛关注,将其作为一种新型的饲料添加剂应用于畜禽生产已见报道。本文综述了白藜芦醇的抗氧化、抗炎症、抗肥胖功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用现状,旨在为白藜芦醇在畜禽生产中的合理应用提供依据。     

Fortification of pork loins with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and its effect on flavour

Pork is traditionally low in docosahexanoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and deficient in omega-3 fats for a balanced human diet. DHA as triglycerides was commercially prepared from the microalgae Schizochytrium and injected into fresh pork loins. Treatments of a mixed brine control (CON), 3.1% sunflower oil in mixed brine (SF) and a 3.1% DHA oil in mixed brine (DHA) were injected into pork loins at 10 mL/100 g and grilled at 205°C. After cooking, the CON and SF pork loins contained 0.03 to 0.05 mg DHA/g of pork and the DHA injected loins contained approximately 1.46 mg DHA/g. This also changed the fatty acid profile of omega-6: omega-3 from, 5 to 1 in the CON pork, to a ratio of 1.7 to 1 in DHA pork. The appearance, odor, oxidation rates and sensory taste, as judged by a trained panel, determined the DHA injected meat to be, ''slightly desirable’ and gave lower ''off flavour’ scores, relative to the CON and SF injected pork. Pork can be fortified with DHA oil to 146 mg/100 g serving, which would meet half the recommended daily omega 3 fatty acid requirements for adult humans and would be desirable in taste.     

Direct supplementation of diet is the most efficient way of enriching broiler meat with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

1. Concentrations of beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) in poultry meat can be improved by increasing the concentration of n-3 PUFA in poultry diets.

2. A decrease in flavour quality is, however, usually associated with the dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA, which is due to the susceptibility of PUFA to oxidation.

3. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of introducing two different n-3 fatty acid sources (extruded linseed and DHA Gold?, a proprietary algal product rich in docosahexaenoic acid), either separately or together, on broiler productive performance, and meat quality, oxidative stability, sensory traits and LC-PUFA profile.

4. Birds given the algal product displayed better productive performances than animals from other groups.

5. The data revealed an improvement in the fatty acid nutritional value of meat from birds receiving the algal product and an inefficient conversion of α-linolenic acid (LNA) into LC-PUFA.

6. Metabolisation of LNA in vivo is not sufficient to improve meat quality in n-3 LC-PUFA and direct supplementation of the diet with n-3 LC-PUFA is a better alternative to modulate an increase in beneficial fatty acids of broiler meat.

7. The overall acceptability of meat was negatively affected by the dietary supplementation with 7.4% of DHA, in contrast to the supplementation with 3.7% of DHA, which showed to be efficient in improving LC-PUFA meat content without affecting its sensory properties.     

家禽苏氨酸营养研究进展

苏氨酸是家禽第三限制性氨基酸,在家禽体内发挥多种重要的生物学功能,如平衡饲粮氨基酸比例,提高营养物质利用效率,改善家禽生长性能和产蛋性能;促进肠道组织发育、维持肠道屏障功能,提高家禽免疫力等。文章从苏氨酸的代谢途径及其对家禽的生物学作用方面进行综述,为苏氨酸在家禽生产中的合理应用提供理论依据。     

乳酸菌益生特性及其在畜禽养殖中的应用

乳酸菌作为微生态制剂的主要菌种之一,广泛应用于畜禽生产中。本文综述了乳酸菌的生理特性及乳酸菌维持肠道菌群平衡、肠道定植与免疫调节、促进食物消化吸收等益生功能,分析了乳酸菌制剂在养猪、养牛和家禽生产中的应用现状。     

Effects of fish oil on lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production and intracellular signalling in weanling pigs.

It has been widely documented that fish oil attenuates inflammatory responses partially via down-regulation of T-lymphocyte function. To determine the anti-inflammatory role of fish oil in weanling pigs, we investigated the effects of fish oil and its functional constituents on peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production and subsequent intracellular signalling in inflammatory-challenged weanling pig and in in vitro cultured lymphocytes. Fish oil (7%) or corn oil (7%) was supplemented to 72 crossbred pig (7.6 +/- 0.3 kg BW and 28 +/- 3 days of age) in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment that included an Eacherichia coil lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge (challenged or not challenged). On day 14 and 28 of the experiment, 200 microg/kg BW of LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline was administered to the pigs by intraperitoneal injection. Blood samples were collected on days 15 and 29 to determine peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. The results showed that inflammatory challenge decreased average daily gain (P < 0.05) and average daily feed intake (P < 0.05) during days 15-28. Fish oil supplementation had no effect on growth performance. Inflammatory challenge increased lymphocyte proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A) (P < 0.05) following each challenge. Fish oil tended to suppress (P < 0.1) the proliferation following the first challenge. Similarly, fish oil tended to reduce IL-1beta production (P < 0.1) following the second challenge and IL-2 (P < 0.1) production following the first challenge in both challenged and unchallenged pigs compared with corn oil. In parallel in vitro experiments, peripheral blood lymphocytes of weanling pigs were incubated with various concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or linoleic acid (LA) (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 microg/ml). EPA, DHA and high levels of LA predominantly suppressed IL-1beta (P < 0.05), IL-2 (P < 0.05) production and subsequent lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.05). Low levels of LA increased (P < 0.05) IL-2 production. Compared with LA, EPA resulted in a stronger inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.05) and IL-2 (P < 0.01), and DHA resulted in a stronger inhibition of IL-1beta (P < 0.05) and IL-2 (P < 0.01). To elucidate the mechanism(s) by which fish oil and its functional constituents suppressed lymphocyte function, the kinetics of intracellular [Ca2+]i and protein kinase C activity were determined in in vitro experiments. EPA, DHA and LA exerted very similar dose-dependent stimulatory effects on intracellular Ca2+. EPA and DHA inhibited protein kinase C activity (P < 0.05), while LA had no significant effect (P > 0.05). These results suggest that fish oil and its functional constituents (EPA and DHA) exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulation of lymphocyte activation in weanling pigs, possibly by manipulation of intracellular signalling.     

预乳化在牛乳中添加DHA的工艺研究

DHA作为多元不饱和脂肪酸系列中重要的一种.现已发现其对人类的许多疾病的治疗和预防有着重要的意义.但是由于DHA常温下易于氧化.目前在牛乳中添加DHA所采用的方法和工艺,不仅设备和原料价格昂贵,而且生产工艺要求高,给生产带来了极大的风险,同时也加大了生产成本.试验就是否可以通过预乳化这一简单的工艺将普通的DHA添加到牛乳中进行了研究.