The effect of collection and extension on tarsal flexion and fetlock extension at trot

A recent epidemiological study indicated that various factors may be related to injury in dressage horses, but the mechanism by which these injuries occur has yet to be determined. The suspensory ligament (SL) is a frequent site of injury, and it is assumed that greatest strain is placed on this structure in collected trot; this has yet to be proved conclusively. The study aimed to investigate the effect of collected and extended trot on the hindlimb movement pattern. Four dressage horses were fitted with markers and inertial motion sensors (IMS). High‐speed video was obtained for 2 strides on each rein in collected and extended trot on 3 different surfaces: waxed outdoor; sand/plastic granules; and waxed indoor. Maximal tarsal flexion during stance and distal metatarsal coronary band ratio (MTCR), representing fetlock extension, were determined. Inertial motion sensor data determined stride duration, speed and stride length. Data were compared between collection and extension within horses on each surface, and compared between surfaces. Collected trot had significantly lower speed and stride length but longer stride duration than extended trot on all surfaces. All horses had less tarsal flexion and fetlock extension in collected compared with extended trot (P<0.05), which is likely to increase SL loading. The study findings indicate that extended trot may increase SL strain, providing a possible explanation for the high incidence of SL injury in horses trained for extravagant movement. It is possible that substantial use of extended trot could be a risk factor for development of suspensory desmitis, which might be one contributory factor in the prevalence of suspensory desmitis in young horses repeatedly undertaking extravagant movement.     

犬的智能(IQ)测验方法

想测试爱犬的“智商”吗？也许这里提供的方法,可以为你的测试提供一个较为科学合理、相对稳定的标准。在这里,把犬的应变智能分解为问题解决能力、学习能力与记忆能力等三个主要方面,测验犬智能的方法,由12个测试应变智能的测验组成(5个小测验是关于问题解决能力,而其他7个有关学习能力与记忆力)。所有测验都是以传统的实验室或临床测验程序为基础,经过一些修正,     

犬的智能(IQ)测验方法

测验结果的解读非常简单明了,可以根据统计的得分,对应以下的标准进行评价：     

复方海南霉素的药效试验

从某鸡场发生球虫病鸡的粪便中分离出柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊，经鸡体繁殖、复壮，待球虫孢子化后，配成100000个／mL的球虫卵囊液，各取一mL分别感染随机分为9组的16日龄健康岭南黄鸡苗，通过饲喂配有不同剂量抗球虫药。结果表明，复方海南霉素能提高抗球虫效果。     

鸡传染性囊病病毒分离株的毒力测定

传染性囊病病毒(IBDV)的变异株和超强毒株的出现已经给世界养禽业带来了巨大的经济损失.并引起商品肉鸡60%,商品蛋鸡25%的特异性死亡[1].有关IBDV分子结构及其与IBDV抗原变异和毒力变异相关性的研究已成为当今IBDV研究的热点.     

排石胶囊的安全性试验研究

排石胶囊是公安部南京警犬研究所研制的一种治疗犬泌尿系统结石的纯中药制剂,可清热散瘀、理气通腑、利尿通淋,对治疗肾结石,尿道结石．膀胱结石和输尿管结石,以及手术或体外碎石后复发残留结石和久治不愈的结石具有极强的溶石、化石和排石作用。排石胶囊的安全性试验证明,LD50≥10000mg／kg,MTD试验≥5500mg/kg,属实际无毒级。可以作为犬的药品或保健品安全食用。     

一次追踪考核失败的原因探析

为提高警犬追踪能力，提高训犬员掌握、熟悉犬的作业能力，增强训练与现场使用的有机结合，2006年，我队进行了一次模拟现场条件，利用警犬追踪的综合性训练考核。在这次考核中，共有3头追踪犬参加。其中2头犬追踪顺利，另一头犬追踪失败。考核条件是迹线长度1000米，2个人为设置角度，2个物品，迹线延时3小时。要求追踪在20分钟内完成。     

The IBR-IPV virus-serum neutralization test. Sensitivity and significance of the tissue culture tube test

A modification of the IBR-IPV virus-serum neutralization test (tissue culture tube test) was used in examinations of three groups of cattle: animals at AI centres; selected herds from infected districts; and pregnant cows and heifers from all over the country. In, respectively, 141 samples out of 1335, 215 out of 344, and 46 out of 7928, a virus-neutralizing effect was demonstrated. Within the three groups of samples, respectively, 2.8 %, 29.4 %, and 28.3 % of samples positive by the modified test were negative by the conventional test, even with undiluted serum. The findings gave strong evidence that all positive reactions were results of a preceding infection. All animals with a history of infection responded serologically when examined by the modified test, but still the distribution of the titers recorded in herd examinations indicates the desirability of a further improvement in the sensitivity of the test.