正常及去盲肠公鸡对四种蛋白质饲料氨基酸利用率的比较研究

应用正常及去盲肠成年白来航公鸡各20只，比较了鱼粉、豆饼、菜籽饼、棉仁饼的氨基酸利用率。结果表明：鱼粉和棉仁饼的17种氨基酸的表观及真利用率在两组问差异不显著；豆饼必需氨基酸表观氨基酸利用率中有6种氨基酸两组间差异显著成极显著，真利用率中只有2种氨基酸两组间差异显著；菜籽饼必需氨基酸表观氨基酸利用率有2种氨基酸两组间差异显著，真利用率两组问差异不显著。从鸡的正常生理角度考虑，作者认为：用正常试验鸡并以氨基酸真利用率为指标，更能客观地反映常用蛋白质饲料的氨基酸利用率。     

去盲肠和未去盲肠公鸡测定饲料氨基酸消化率的比较研究

应用Sibbald“TME”方法,比较了去盲肠和未去盲肠公鸡对饲料氨基酸的消化率。试验测定了10种饲料的去盲肠和未去盲肠公鸡的氨基酸消化率。结果表明,未去盲肠鸡对10种饲料的氨基酸表观和真消化率均高于去盲肠鸡。轻度受热鱼粉、重度受热鱼粉、脱毒棉籽饼、未脱毒棉籽饼和豆饼的表观氨基酸消化率在去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡之间存在显著差异(P<0.05),未受热鱼粉和芝麻饼的表观氨基酸消化率在去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡之间不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。轻度受热鱼粉、重度受热鱼粉、豆饼的真氨基酸消化率在去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);未受热鱼粉、脱毒棉籽饼、未脱毒棉籽饼和芝麻粕的真氨基酸消化率在去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡之间不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。去盲肠鸡内源氨基酸排出量显著高于未去盲肠鸡(P>0.05)。微生物对未消化食糜中的肽类、氨基酸具有降解作用。     

去盲肠鸡和正常鸡测定的饲料氨基酸消化率可加性比较

本研究以去盲肠鸡和正常鸡按Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ的“ＴＭＥ”方法分别测定了皮大麦、蒸煮血粉、发酵血粉、水解复合蛋白、热喷胶原蛋白、国产鱼粉及其配合饲料Ｊ１和Ｊ２的氨基酸表观消化率（ＡＡＡＤ）和真消化率（ＴＡＡＤ）。并对两种试鸡所测上述饲料原料氨基酸的消化率及其可加性作比较。结果表明：（１）６种饲料原料的某些氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率，去盲肠鸡和正常鸡测值间存在显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）去盲肠鸡内源氨基酸排出量显著高于正常鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（３）在以非常规蛋白质为主要补充蛋白质源时，以去盲肠鸡测得的真可消化氨基酸具有最好的可加性。说明测定鸡饲料氨基酸消化率以去盲肠鸡为试验动物较好     

北京肉仔鸭饲料氨基酸利用率测定

选用80只5周龄北京肉仔鸭,测定了进口鱼粉、豆粕、玉米和麸皮4种饲料原料的氨基酸表观利用率(AAAA)和真利用率(TAAA),试验强饲排空期、粪尿排泄物收集期均为48h,强饲量鱼粉、豆粕为30g,玉米40g,麸皮25g,对照组为30g无氮日粮。试验结果表明,5周龄肉仔鸭对鱼粉、豆粕、玉米、麸皮的平均氨基酸表观利用率和真利用率分别为91.82%、82.76%、75.58%、72.25%和97.04%、90.07%、88.34%、85.61%。     

应用Sibbald“TME”方法测定鸡饲料氨基酸利用率的研究

饲料氨基酸利用率的测定是进行可利用氨基酸营养研究的一项基础性工作。本研究利用去盲肠公鸡,应用Sibbald“TME”方法,测定了玉米、次粉、高粱、菜籽饼、棉籽饼、棉仁粕、胡麻饼、豆饼、豆粕、鱼粉、豌豆蛋白粉、绿豆蛋白粉、蚕豆蛋白粉的氨基酸表观和真消化率。氨基酸平均真消化率超过90%的依次为豆粕、蚕豆蛋白粉、鱼粉、绿豆蛋白粉、豌豆蛋白粉。消化率低于85％、高于80％的依次为高粱、玉米、次粉,消化率低于80％的依次为棉仁粕、豆饼、菜籽饼、胡麻饼、棉籽饼。所测饲料各氨基酸的平均真消化率大于85％的依次为谷氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸、门冬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸;消化率在80％～85％之间的依次为丝氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸;小于80％的依次为苏氨酸、赖氨酸和胱氨酸。研究结果表明,不同饲料和不同氨基酸之间消化率存在很大的差异。内源氨基酸排泄量对低蛋白饲料氨基酸利用率存在较大的影响。适当的加工处理对于提高饼粕类饲料的氨基酸消化率具有重要意义。     

浙江鱼粉和秘鲁鱼粉氨基酸对鸡的消化率比较

本试验以去盲肠鸡和正常鸡各１６只测定了浙江鱼粉和秘鲁鱼粉的氨基酸表观消化率（ＡＡＡＤ）和真消化率（ＴＡＡＤ）。结果表明，以去盲肠鸡测定，浙江鱼粉多数氨基酸的ＡＡＡＤ和ＴＡＡＤ超过秘鲁鱼粉（Ｐ＜０．０５）。以正常鸡测定，两者大多数氨基酸消化率无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。说明新鲜优质浙江鱼粉的氨基酸可消化性与进口鱼粉相当，甚至更优     

去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡测定大豆粕,棉仁粕,菜籽粕氨基酸消化率的研究

分别用２４只去盲肠和未去盲肠健康公鸡，测定了豆粕、棉仁粕和菜籽粕的氨基酸消化率。试验结果表明：去盲肠鸡内源氨基酸排泄量显著高于未去盲肠鸡（Ｐ〈０．０５）；在大豆粕中，胱氨酸、苏氨酸等５种氨基酸的消化率未去盲肠鸡显著高于去盲肠鸡（Ｐ〈０．０５）；在棉仁粕和菜籽粕中，除个别氨基酸外，大多数氨基酸及氨基酸总和的消化率未去盲肠鸡显著高于去盲肠鸡（Ｐ〈０．０５），可见，饲料种类、试鸡有无盲肠均影响饲料ＡＡＡ     

鸡对胱氨酸废液中17种氨基酸真利用率

用脱盐后生产胱氨酸废液制备的氨基酸添加剂为试样，以生长正常的20周龄罗曼公鸡为试禽，测得了鸡对试样中17种氨基酸真利用率；试验结果表明：胱氨酸废液中10种动物必需氨基酸平均真利用率稍高于豆粕和鱼粉，但无显著性差异（P分别＞0．5和0．2），但显著高于棉籽粕，肉粉和血粉（P分别＜0．001、0．002和0．001）。     

对水解复合蛋白在鸡的氨基酸可消化性之评价

本研究分别用去盲肠鸡和正常鸡测定水解复合蛋白的表观氨基酸消化率（ＡＡＡＤ）和真氨基酸消化率（ＴＡＡＤ）。测得去盲肠鸡对该产品的总氨基酸表现消化率为６２．１％，真消化率为７２．３％，正常鸡对该产品的总氨基酸表观和真消化率分别为６３．５％和７１．４％，去盲肠鸡和正常鸡对多数氨基酸的表观消化率测值之间有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），而大多数氨基酸的真消化率两种鸡的测值之间没有显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

泰和鸡蛋氨酸表现消化率与真消化率的比较测定

准确测定饲料氨基酸消化率（ＡＡＤ）已成为动物营养学评定饲料氨基酸生物效价的主要研究课题之一。ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ建立的强饲法，用于测定饲料ＡＡＤ的方法，由于未考虑鸡盲肠微生物对饲料氨基酸消化率的影响，可能导致低估饲料ＡＡＤ。鸡盲肠是消化道微生物主要活动场所，对氨基酸有降解作用。用切除盲肠的鸡，进行氨基酸利用率的研究，更能真实反映饲料蛋氨酸（Ｍｅｔ）的利用率。本研究的目的，是通过测定去盲肠与不去盲肠的两组试验鸡内源Ｍｅｔ排泄量和Ｍｅｔ排泄量及所测饲料中Ｍｅｔ表观消化率和真消化率的差异，来探讨盲肠微生物主…     

去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡测定花生粕、胡麻粕、芝麻粕氨基酸消化率的研究

分别用２４只去盲肠和未去盲肠健康公鸡，测定了花生粕、胡麻粕和芝麻粕的氨基酸消化率。结果表明：去盲肠鸡内源氨基酸排泄量显著高于未去盲肠鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）；在花生粕中，胱氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸的ＡＡＤ未去盲肠鸡显著高于去盲肠鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）；在胡麻粕和芝麻粕中，除酪氨酸和脯氨酸外，其它各种氨基酸及１６种氨基酸总和的ＡＡＡＤ和ＴＡＡＤ未去盲肠鸡显著高于去盲肠鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）。鸡盲肠微生物对内源及饲料中未消化蛋白质、多肽及氨基酸具有分解作用，干扰饲料ＡＡＡＤ和ＴＡＡＤ测定。对于不易消化、氨基酸含量相对不平衡的低品质蛋白质饲料干扰尤其严重。在测定的３种饼粕中，花生粕氨基酸消化率最高，胡麻粕次之。过度热处理的芝麻粕氨基酸平均消化率为４７．３％，赖氨酸消化率为２１．７％。     

去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡测定大豆粕、棉仁粕、菜籽粕氨基酸消化率的研究

分别用２４只去盲肠和未去盲肠健康公鸡，测定了豆粕、棉仁粕和菜籽粕的氨基酸消化率。试验结果表明：去盲肠鸡内源氨基酸排泄量显著高于未去盲肠鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）；在大豆粕中，胱氨酸、苏氨酸等５种氨基酸的消化率未去盲肠鸡显著高于去盲肠鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）；在棉仁粕和菜籽粕中，除个别氨基酸外，大多数氨基酸及氨基酸总和的消化率未去盲肠鸡显著高于去盲肠鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５），可见，饲料种类、试鸡有无盲肠均影响饲料ＡＡＡＤ和ＴＡＡＤ。盲肠微生物对内源及饲料中未消化蛋白质、多肽及氨基酸具有分解作用，干扰饲料ＡＡＡＤ和ＴＡＡＤ测定。对于不易消化，氨基酸含量相对不平衡的低品质蛋白质饲料干扰尤其严重。因此用去盲肠公鸡测定的饲料ＡＡＤ值更接近氨基酸在消化道内消化吸收的真实情况。     

鸡鸭对饲料能量利用的比较研究

选用18周龄健康、体重基本一致的海兰褐佳蛋公鸡和北京Z系公鸭各48只,以Sibbald“真代谢能(TME)”法测定了公鸡和公鸭常用谷物、饼粕和油脂等3大类9种常用饲料的代谢能。结果表明:鸡和鸭对饲料能量利用存在明显的差异。AME除棉粕和玉米淀粉鸭与鸡差异不显著外(P>0.05),其余7种饲料AME鸭都比鸡高;TME玉米淀粉鸭与鸡差异不显著(P>0.05),其余8种饲料TME鸭都比鸡高。48h鸭内源能排泄量(113.10MJ)比鸡(88.88MJ)高(P<0.01)。并且饲料蛋白质含量越高,鸭和鸡饲料AME、TME值之间差异越大。     

近红外光谱技术快速测定豆粕、玉米真可消化氨基酸含量的研究

本试验应用近红外光谱技术（ＮＩＲＳ）预测了豆粕、玉米中的真可消化氨基酸含量。氨基酸消化率用去盲肠公鸡作试验动物,用修正的Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ强饲法进行测定。定标的结果表明,豆粕中除与胱氨酸有关的几个方程外,其它氨基酸的定标经检验证明具有良好的预测性能。玉米真可消化氨基酸的定标性能不如豆粕好,目前还不能进行实际的应用,但大部分氨基酸定标方程的相关系数经Ｆ检验达到极显著水平,说明用ＮＩＲＳ预测玉米真可消化氨基酸是可行的。近红外光谱技术提供了一种可用于日常测定鸡真可消化氨基酸的即时分析方法,它能够替代查书面值以及使用耗时而昂贵的体内法测定真可消化氨基酸含量。营养学家可根据真可消化氨基酸数据进行饲料配方,起到准确、及时、低投入、高产出、低污染、高效利用饲料资源的作用。     

Effects of preservation method and beta-glucanase supplementation on ileal amino acid digestibility and feeding value of barley for poultry.

1. Effects of preservation method (drying or air-tight storage of whole grain and ensiling of rolled high-moisture grain) and beta-glucanase supplementation (Econase) on apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities and metabolisable energy content of barley were evaluated with Ross broiler chickens. In addition, the effect of barley preservation method was assessed using Leghorn cockerels. 2. Birds were given either a semi-purified soyabean meal basal diet or a mixture of the basal diet and barley (50:50 on dry matter basis). Apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of nutrients were assessed using the slaughter technique. AID of nutrients and nutrient digestibility measured using excreta (AED) were determined using chromium mordanted straw as an indigestible marker. 3. In broilers, AID of amino acids, dry matter and organic matter were lower for dried than air-tight stored barley, particularly for diets based on ensiled barley. In cockerels, barley preservation method had no effect on amino acid AID. The AED of nutrients and nitrogen corrected apparent metabolisable energy content (AMEn) was highest for ensiled barley across both experiments. 4. beta-glucanase supplementation increased nutrient digestibility, phosphorus retention and AMEn content of air-tight stored and dried barley diets in particular but had only negligible effects on ensiled barley. Beta-glucanase improved the AID of amino acids in dried barley but not in air-tight stored or ensiled barley. 5. Amino acid digestibilities were lower in broilers than cockerels and the effect of barley preservation on feeding value of barley was different for broilers and cockerels.     

泰和鸡内源氨基酸排泄量的研究

分别选用4只去盲肠泰和公鸡 ,以无氮日粮法和绝食法测定了泰和鸡的内源氨基酸排泄量。结果表明 :除赖氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸外 ,无氮日粮法其它氨基酸测值极显著(P<0.01)或显著地(P<0.05)高于绝食法 ,无氮日粮法氨基酸总量极显著高于绝食法(P<0.01)。综合前人及本试验结果 ,建议采用无氮日粮法测定鸡内源氨基酸排泄量     

Comparative digestibility of amino acids of maize, sorghum, finger millet and pearl millet in cockerels and Japanese quails

1. The objective of the present study was to determine the apparent digestibilities of amino acids of maize, low tannin sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet in adult cockerels and Japanese quails. 2. Adult White Leghorn cockerels (25 weeks of age) and adult Japanese quails (15 weeks of age) were used to determine the apparent digestibilities of amino acids in cereal grains. 3. The digestibilities of amino acids in sorghum determined with quails were similar to cockerels, with the exception of histidine, which was significantly lower in quails. 4. In finger millet, the digestibilities of methionine and leucine were significantly higher, while that of histidine and cystine were significantly lower in adult quails than in adult cockerels. 5. The digestibilities of pearl millet amino acids were similar in quails and cockerels, except for that of histidine, which was significantly lower in quails. 6. Almost all the amino acids in maize, except histidine, had significantly higher digestibility values in quails than in cockerels. Histidine digestibility of all the 4 cereal grains was significantly lower in quails than in cockerels. 7. The amino acid digestibility values for certain cereal grains determined with cockerels do not support their use in formulating practical quail diets. The amino acid digestibility values of maize were underestimated by using cockerels while that of finger millet was overestimated.     

The influence of caecectomy on amino acid availability of three feedstuffs for ganders

1. Experiments were conducted to assess the influence of caecectomy on amino acid availability (AAA) of three feedstuffs for goose. 2. Nine caecectomised and 9 intact Yangzhou ganders, 24 weeks old, were used in these experiments. Fish meal, soybean meal and cottonseed meal were used as the sole source of protein. The endogenous amino acid (AA) losses were evaluated by a nitrogen (N)-free diet method. The influence of caecectomy on apparent amino acid availability (AAAA) in fish meal, soybean meal and cottonseed meal was assessed in experiment 1 and true amino acid availability (TAAA) of three protein diets was determined in experiment 2. 3. Results showed that, in the soybean meal and cottonseed meal, the AAAA and TAAA of most AA determined by the intact ganders were higher than in the caecectomised ganders; in the fish meal, the AAAA and TAAA of most AA determined by the intact ganders were lower than in the caecectomised ganders. 4. Results of the present study suggest that the effect of caecectomy on AAA in geese was dependent on the feedstuff assayed, and it was better to use caecectomised poultry for AAA assessment.