2011～2015年山东口岸进境木质包装疫情分析及建议

本文对山东口岸2011~2015年进境木质包装疫情截获情况进行统计,重点对所截获检疫性有害生物的年度趋势、种群类别、截获频次等进行分析,汇总山东口岸近年进境木质包装中截获的检疫性有害生物名单,并在对疫情截获进行分析的基础上提出了进境木质包装检疫工作对策和建议。     

广东口岸进境旅客携带物截获植物检疫性有害生物疫情分析

本文对2011~2015年广东口岸(不含深圳、珠海)进境旅客携带物截获的植物检疫性有害生物进行统计,重点分析旅检口岸截获检疫性有害生物的种类、来源及寄主情况,比较不同来源和不同类型的携带物传带检疫性有害生物及其通过不同类型旅检口岸传入的风险高低,探寻提高疫情检出率的重点与方向,以期为旅检口岸进一步做好植物疫情防控提供借鉴和参考。     

福州口岸进境散装粮食截获疫情分析及防控技术研究

本文介绍了福州口岸进境散装粮谷的基本情况,并对福州口岸2014~2016年进境散装粮谷疫情截获情况进行了分析,明确了进境散装粮谷携带重要有害生物名单。结合前期对口岸调研发现的问题,开展了疫情防控的技术研究,提出了口岸疫情防控技术要点,为提升口岸进境散装粮谷疫情防控能力提供技术支持。     

进境新西兰木材携带有害生物疫情分析

近年来,我国新西兰木材进口量逐年攀升,而新西兰首次超过俄罗斯,成为我国最大的木材进口来源地。随着新西兰木材进口量逐年递增,口岸疫情截获也逐年增加,进境新西兰木材携带疫情不容忽视。本文对2010~2014年我国口岸进境新西兰木材疫情截获情况进行了分析,对新西兰木材检疫风险作一简要探讨,并提出相关检疫监管措施。     

我国口岸截获实蝇疫情分析

近年来,随着我国对外国际贸易额逐年增加,我国口岸从进境的果蔬和旅客携带物中截获到大量的外来有害实蝇。本文从实蝇截获量、不同来源国和地区、截获种类、检疫类别等疫情特征对我国口岸2013~2015年截获的实蝇疫情进行了分析,并对近3年实蝇检疫工作进行总结和归纳,以期提高口岸实蝇检疫能力和保护我国农林生态安全。     

全国口岸进境邮寄物中截获线虫的疫情分析

本文对全国口岸2003~2016年4月从邮寄物中截获的线虫进行了汇总与分析,归纳了邮寄物中截获寄生线虫的种类、来源等,结果表明,全国口岸从邮寄物中共计截获线虫42属、4 448批次,其中包括检疫性线虫11种、49批次,随着邮寄物品数量和种类的增加,邮检中线虫的截获率逐年增加。目前进境邮寄物中线虫的疫情十分复杂,应对进境苗木、植物产品、蔬菜水果等加强检疫监管,以防止线虫疫情进一步扩展。     

山东口岸2008—2017年进境矿产品携带疫情分析

[目的]分析山东口岸进境矿产品植物疫情截获情况,提高矿产品有害生物疫情检出率,有效保护国门生物安全.[方法]分别从截获植物疫情变化规律、疫情类别、矿产品类型、检疫性有害生物与一般有害生物情况、来源地、不同隶属关截获情况等方面对山东口岸2008—2017年进境矿产品截获的各类疫情进行了统计分析.[结果]山东进境矿产品中截获有害生物总计54种(属),2560种次,1574批次,检疫性有害生物4种(属),29种次.进境矿产品中有害生物截获种类和种次均呈现中间多两端少的特点,以昆虫、线虫和杂草截获种类最多,占截获种类总数的87.04％,昆虫截获种次最多,占截获总种次的65.70％;有害生物的截获种类和种次均以非金属矿产截获最多,金属矿产次之;共截获4种(属)、29种次检疫性有害生物,50种(属)、2531种次一般性有害生物;截获种次前三位国家分别是朝鲜、韩国、印度尼西亚.[结论]研究结果对口岸进境矿产品疫情截获及防控提供了理论和数据支持.     

广州机场口岸进境植物种苗疫情分析及风险防控措施

本文对2012~2016年广州机场口岸进境植物种苗贸易情况以及截获疫情进行分析,重点分析各类疫情的构成及特点,并结合实际,探讨了口岸进境种苗传入有害生物的风险防控措施。     

珠海高栏口岸进境原木检疫与监管

近年来 ,珠海检验检疫局在进境原木中截获有害生物近 1 0 0种 ,有时进境原木带虫率高达 1 0 0 % ,且虫口密度非常大 ,应引起注意。1　高栏口岸进境原木检疫监管现状1 .1　进境原木概况近年来 ,高栏口岸原木进境量不断增加 ,据统计 ,1 997年进境原木为 1 50 80ｍ3 ,1 998年 2 6     

2011～2016年广东口岸进境水果截获疫情分析与对策

本文对广东口岸2011～2016年进境水果疫情截获情况进行统计,对所截获不同水果的疫情、不同来源地的疫情及检疫性有害生物进行分析,在此基础上分析了进境水果检验检疫监管的现状及存在的问题,并提出相应的监管对策,为进境水果检验疫监管工作提供参考.     

钦州口岸进口木薯干检验检疫情况分析

对广西钦州口岸进口的98批次,24.0万吨越南木薯干的检验检疫情况进行统计.发现铅含量超标在越南木薯干中较为普遍,超标率达到42.8%;检出有害生物14科26种,疫情截获率81.6%.并对其进行分析,提出解决方案,为口岸把关提供科学依据.     

2011～2016年山东口岸进境木材疫情分析及建议

本文对山东口岸2011～2016年进境木材疫情截获情况进行分析,重点对所截获有害生物的种群类别、年度趋势、截获频次和来源地等进行统计分析,并针对木材检疫监管存在的问题提出建议,以供口岸检疫参考.     

Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid applied as a herbicide on fruit shedding and coffee yield

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) applied as a herbicide at two timings after coffee blossoming, on fruit shedding from lower or upper plagiotropic branches on the canopy, as well as on crop yield. 2,4-D was sprayed between the rows on a 0.75 m-wide strip of land, starting on the border of canopy projection. Toxicity to the plants, final crop yield per plant and fruit shedding (FS) were assessed. The identical FS was observed for both application timings. Control plots showed an FS 13% lower than those where the highest 2,4-D dose was employed. FS was greater on the lower branches (46.8%) than on the upper ones (39.4%). This was probably due to injury to the lower plant canopy caused by the 2,4-D drift. Ripe or dried cherries and coffee bean yield per plant were not affected. It was concluded that despite the increased FS in the lower plant canopy, final coffee production was not significantly affected in response to 2,4-D application.     

蚕豆细菌性茎疫病发生规律及防治

蚕豆细菌性茎疫病是蚕豆上的重要病害之一。病残体及病田土是该病的初侵染源。发病盛期为开花～结夹期 ,低温多雨的气候发病重 ,发病程度与温度、田间湿度及土壤肥力密切相关。室内药剂筛选试验表明 :可杀得、菌毒清、农用链霉素均有较好的抑制效果。选种抗病品种、加强农田管理、结合药剂防治 ,防效较好     

Topography and crop management are key factors for the development of american leaf spot epidemics on coffee in costa rica

ABSTRACT We monitored the development of American leaf spot of coffee, a disease caused by the gemmiferous fungus Mycena citricolor, in 57 plots in Costa Rica for 1 or 2 years in order to gain a clearer understanding of conditions conducive to the disease and improve its control. During the investigation, characteristics of the coffee trees, crop management, and the environment were recorded. For the analyses, we used partial least-squares regression via the spline functions (PLSS), which is a nonlinear extension to partial least-squares regression (PLS). The fungus developed well in areas located between approximately 1,100 and 1,550 m above sea level. Slopes were conducive to its development, but eastern-facing slopes were less affected than the others, probably because they were more exposed to sunlight, especially in the rainy season. The distance between planting rows, the shade percentage, coffee tree height, the type of shade, and the pruning system explained disease intensity due to their effects on coffee tree shading and, possibly, on the humidity conditions in the plot. Forest trees and fruit trees intercropped with coffee provided particularly propitious conditions. Apparently, fertilization was unfavorable for the disease, probably due to dilution phenomena associated with faster coffee tree growth. Finally, series of wet spells interspersed with dry spells, which were frequent in the middle of the rainy season, were critical for the disease, probably because they affected the production and release of gemmae and their viability. These results could be used to draw up a map of epidemic risks taking topographical factors into account. To reduce those risks and improve chemical control, our results suggested that farmers should space planting rows further apart, maintain light shading in the plantation, and prune their coffee trees.     

火鹤花衰退病诊断与检疫

本文描述了火鹤衰退病病害症状和2种穿孔线虫(香蕉穿孔线虫Rodopholus sim-ilis和柑橘穿孔线虫R．citrophilus)的鉴定特征，提出了检疫检验和疫情处理方法。     

温州蜜柑萎缩病的分布鉴定

1985-1991年,从9个省(自治区、市)采集84个由日本引进的特早、早、中和晚熟的温州蜜柑品系、杂柑以及脐橙类品种样品,采用草本指示植物白芝麻、黑眼豇豆和美丽菜豆以及用ELISA法对各样品感染温州蜜柑萎缩病毒(SDV)情况进行鉴定。结果表明80年代初四川奉节和浙江黄岩分别从日本引进的特早熟宫本温州蜜柑感染该病,而其余样品均不带SDV。不少特早熟温州蜜柑品系感染有柑桔碎叶病毒(CTLV),尤以从浙江黄岩采集的为甚。1991年秋梢嫩梢期从国家果树种质重庆柑桔圃采集除温州蜜柑以外的各地主栽品种25个进行ELISA法测定,结果表明均未带SDV。     

Temporal Progression of Bean Common Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas Campestris pv. phaseoli) in Sole and Intercropping Systems

The effects of four planting patterns of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (bean only, maize–bean (MB), sorghum–bean (SB), and maize–bean–sorghum (MBS)) and four cropping systems (sole cropping, row, mixed, and broadcast intercropping) on the temporal epidemics of bean common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli were studied. The experiments were conducted during two consecutive spring and summer seasons in 1999 and 2000 in replicated field experiments. The Gompertz model described disease progress curves better than the logistic model. Intercropping delayed epidemic onset, lowered disease incidence and severity, and reduced the disease progress rate. The type of cropping system and planting pattern affected CBB incidence and severity at initial, final and overall assessments and also affected the rate of disease development. Statistical significance of treatment interactions based on disease assessments was found for incidence in all four experiments and for severity in three experiments. A slower disease progress rate and lower incidence and severity occurred on beans planted with maize or sorghum in row, mixed and broadcast intercropping than on bean planted alone. Incidence was reduced 36% and severity 20% in intercropping compared to sole cropping. The built-in disease delay and the slowing of the disease progress rate could provide protection for beans from severe CBB epidemics in intercropped systems. Variation between years appeared to be related to relative humidity (RH).