我国野生刺梨资源开发利用探讨

刺梨(Rosa roxburghii)系蔷薇科落叶灌木植物,别名缫丝花、刺蘑、山刺梨、赛哇(西藏)、刺石榴、野石榴(陕西)、刺梨子、木梨子、刺梨蔷薇、茨梨、送春归、文光果.果肉中维生素C含量是苹果的500倍、柑橘的100倍、猕猴桃的9倍;维生素P含量极高,是柑橘的120倍、蔬菜的150倍.它还富含维生素B1、B2、E、K1等及16种微量元素,其营养功能比酸枣高46倍,叶总黄酮含量比银杏高2.4倍.近年来,日本、美国尤其重视这一颇有开发价值的野生果树.野生刺梨的开发前景十分广阔,种质资源应该受到保护和重视.     

世界卫生组织推荐的最佳水果——猕猴桃

现代营养学研究表明。猕猴桃果味甜，营养价值极高。尤其是维生素C的含量相当高。据测定，每100克果肉含维生素C652毫克。比柑橘高5—10倍，比苹果高20—80倍。比梨高30～140倍；1颗猕猴桃能提供1个人一天的维生素C需求量的2倍多，所以被誉为“维C之王”。每100克中，含糖12-18克、蛋白质16克、脂肪0.3克等并含有人体必需的多种氨基酸、水解酶、猕猴桃碱等元素。     

猕猴桃新品种引进及筛选

正猕猴桃属于猕猴桃科(Actinidiaceae Hutch)猕猴桃属(Actinidia Lindl)多年生藤本果树,全世界共发现猕猴桃种66个,118个种下分类单位(变种、变型),其中我国有62种,种质资源较为丰富。其果实风味独特,营养丰富,尤其是维生素C含量很高,每100g果肉中含维生素C80~420mg,比柑橘高5~10倍,被誉为"水果之     

甘薯安全贮藏的关键技术

甘薯(又名地瓜、红薯等)是我国主要粮食作物,更是一种药食兼用的保健食品.据分析,每100g甘薯鲜样本,可食部分约含水分67.1 g,蛋白质1.8g,脂肪0.2g,碳水化合物29.58g,钙18.0mg,磷20.0mg,铁0.4mg,此外还含有胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素B2,维生素C等,其中所含的维生素C是苹果、葡萄、梨的10～30倍,因而享有"营养保健食品"之美誉.其含热量高,富含维生素、矿物质、纤维素,最近,世界卫生组织经3年研究评出的13种最佳蔬菜,红薯排行第一.     

刺梨及其栽培要点

刺梨别名木梨子,属蔷薇科植物,为多年生落叶性丛生小灌木果树。1营养及药用价值据测定,100g刺梨鲜果肉中含Vc841.58～3541.13mg,Vd2800mg,Vp6000mg,总糖4.13g,还原糖2.61g,总酸度1.34g,胡萝卜素0.13mg,单宁616mg。Vc的含量为果树和蔬菜之冠,是沙田柚的16倍,红桔的100倍,蔬菜类的150倍,苹果的455倍,比号称"Vc之王"的猕猴桃     

刺梨花瓣的营养及保健成分与利用价值

为了研究刺梨花瓣的营养、保健及利用价值,同时为刺梨花的开发利用提供科学依据,以贵州安龙、龙里、贵定3个地区栽培的"贵农5号"刺梨花瓣为材料,分析测定其中主要营养及保健成分的含量,对刺梨花瓣的营养保健及利用价值进行评价。结果表明:在每100 g干花瓣中含有维生素C 622.62 mg,维生素E 28.62 mg,维生素B_1 0.16 mg,维生素B_2 0.12 mg,维生素B_(12) 0.07 mg,可溶性总糖22.71 g,粗蛋白7.80 g,总膳食纤维33.65 g,总酚3 181.17 mg,总黄酮200.06 mg,花青素179.97 mg。刺梨花瓣中Fe、Zn含量分别达120.33、68.86 mg/kg。刺梨干花瓣中的蛋白质氨基酸共有18种,其中必需氨基酸9种;游离氨基酸共15种,其中必需氨基酸7种。刺梨花瓣的维生素C含量是玫瑰的10.9倍,槐花的4.98倍,金针菜的14.9倍,维生素E含量是金针菜的2.19倍。按照标准模式进行评价,刺梨花瓣的蛋白质与膳食纤维品质较优。刺梨花瓣中的营养及保健成分丰富,营养价值高,可用于开发营养食品和保健食品。     

晋枣优质高产栽培技术

晋枣,别名吊枣、长枣,属于鼠李科枣属植物.枣果营养丰富全面,富含维生素,其中以维生素C和维生素P(芦丁)含量最为突出,每100 g鲜枣中含有维生素C 350～600 mg,是柑橘的12～20倍,苹果的76～120倍;最特别的是枣果中含的芦丁有保持毛细血管畅通,防治血管壁脆性增加的功能,可治疗高血压和降低胃肠道恶性肿瘤的发生率.     

南方特产果树刺梨的栽培

刺梨，又名缫丝花、木梨子，属于蔷薇科，蔷薇属，落叶丛生小灌木。刺梨原产中国，分布于长江以南各省，其中以贵州最多且分布广，尤其在贵州省铜仁地区铜仁市、江口县、石阡县、松桃县、印江县等发现了不少优良品种。刺梨果实富含糖、维生素、胡萝卜素、有机酸及20多种氨基酸等，尤其是每百克果肉维生素C含量达2087．8mg，为猕猴桃的10倍，     

油梨及其在广东的发展前景

油梨(Persea AmericanaMill)又称鳄梨,英文名avocado,原产中美洲及墨西哥湿润地,属于热带、亚热带名贵果树。油梨果肉含脂肪8%~30%,是其它主要果蔬的97~187倍,其中油酸占65·3%,亚油酸占15·9%,棕榈酸占12·4%;蛋白质1%~3%,是其它主要果蔬的2~4倍;碳水化合物含量2%~9%;果肉含钾>20mg/100g、铁0·7mg/100g、磷55mg/100g、钙9mg/100g;还富含各种维生素(A、C、E、K及B族等),尤其维生素B2是其它水果的10倍;油梨还富含膳食纤维;多种氨基酸含量均约为鸡蛋的1/15。研究发现,油梨可醒脑益智,还可美发、美肤和防衰老,帮助病后恢复,是高能低糖易消…     

枣族新秀——无核枣

我场科技人员经过多年努力,培育出了枣类新品种——无核枣,由于它空心无核,食用起来极为方便,可以尽情品味枣的清香甘甜。 无核小枣营养丰富,其干枣含糖量达60％左右,含蛋白质、脂肪和多种矿物质元素,如钙、磷、铁等。鲜枣维生素含量丰富,每100g果肉含量达380～660mg,相当于苹果的100倍,比柑桔高20倍;维生素P(芦丁)较高,100g果肉中含3300mg,居各种果品之首。 无核小枣具有很好的医疗作用,据明代李时珍的《本草纲目》记载:“干枣润心肺,止咳,补五脏,     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。