田间信息的远程获取与无线传输系统的设计

及时准确地获取田间信息是实现农田智能化管理的前提,是精细农业发展的基础。为解决田间信息的远程获取与无线传输问题,提出并实现了一种田间信息的远程获取与无线传输系统。同时,主要介绍了系统的组成以及工作原理,设计了土壤墒情站硬件及组成,阐述了自动气象站数据传输方式的选择。在该系统中,利用GPRS DTU实现了远程计算机、数据采集器之间的数据传输。     

基于GPRS技术的农田信息远程监测系统的实现

由于农田信息具有多样性、多变性、分散性等特点,为了解决农业中农田信息的快速获取和远程传输的问题,提出了一种基于GPS和GPRS技术的农业信息获取及远程农业监测系统.系统由3部分组成,即DSP和各种传感器构成的现场工作站、GPRS无线模块和GPRS无线网络构成的传输系统、PC机构成的上位机.系统具有定位准确、实时测定和远程传输等功能.为此,主要介绍了系统的软硬件组成和信息的传输原理.     

基于GSM无线传输的温室环境数据采集系统

论述了对温室环境数据进行远程监测的一种方法.温室环境数据采集系统将传感器采集到的环境数据通过GSM模块进行无线传输,实现对温室环境的远程监测.SWP系列多路巡检显示控制仪处理传感器采集的环境数据,并通过RS232串口实时传输给计算机.GSM模块将环境数据通过GSM无线网络传输给远程的数据中心.采用无线数据传输实现通讯具有方便和安全的特点,克服了恶劣环境下架线不便的困难.     

作物需水信息无线传输方式现状及研究进展

综述了国内外作物需水信息无线传输方式的现状和发展趋势.无线通信方式可分为长距离通信(GSM和GPRS 等)与短距离通信(蓝牙和ZigBee等).GSM和GPRS借助于移动通讯网络,实现了作物需水信息远程采集与设备远程监控;蓝牙和ZigBee 在温室作物需水信息采集与监控等方面显示出巨大潜力.未来作物需水信息系统的发展趋势将是各种无线传输方式的结合与融合,从而构建超级的传输网络.     

基于无线传输的旋耕机扭矩测量系统设计

针对旋耕机特殊外形结构不便应用有线传输的特点,采用应变片测量扭矩的方法,设计了一种综合无线传输技术和虚拟仪器技术的扭矩测量系统,系统选用先进的WAP200B无线传输模块和C8051F330单片机,实现了扭矩测量时信号的在线采集与无线发送,LabVIEW搭建平台显示分析数据,节省了硬件设备开支.实验表明:系统稳定性、抗干扰能力强,便捷实用,为旋耕机的田间测试实验提供了方便.     

基于ARM的农机作业信息远程传输系统设计与实现

【目的】为了快速采集影响农作物成长的环境信息,提高生产效率及管理水平。【方法】针对现有农机作业信息远程传输系统产品功能单一、无线网络信号差、地块存在数据丢失等问题,笔者开发了基于ARM的农机作业信息远程传输系统,通过CAN总线采集作业数据信息,采用集成化SIM808模块采集卫星定位信息,设计远程数据传输协议。【结果与结论】笔者设计的基于ARM的农机作业信息远程传输系统结构精简,可实现农机作业数据空间信息远程传输,保证田间GPRS移动无线网络信号丢失时作业信息正常传输,系统丢包率低于0.2%,系统通信可靠性良好。     

面向农业移动管理的信息获取技术

基于移动终端、嵌入式GIS和无线通讯等技术,设计了面向田间交互管理的农业移动管理系统技术框架,研究了农田信息无线采集与传输、基于位置的图像获取、GPS虚拟差分数据获取和无线数据传输等技术,开发了农业移动管理系统原型.移动终端具有GPS定位与导航、GPS照相、照片编辑与查看、专题图制作、属性信息查询、农田网格划分等功能.初步应用试验表明,该原型系统可应用于农田移动管理.     

基于GPS∕GIS的农田地块监测更新系统

实现农田地块信息实时监测更新所要解决的关键问题是数据采集、传输与数据库更新一体化。为此,以农田地块的实时采集、远程传输和实时监测更新为目标,介绍了一种集成GPS,GSM和GIS技术的农田地块实时监测更新系统,对其更新模型、工作原理、系统体系结构、软硬件构成及系统开发设计与实现等进行了论述。     

基于GSM模块的粮库远程监控系统设计

针对传统粮库远程监控大多使用有线通信的现状,设计了一种基于GSM模块的粮库远程无线监控系统。该系统主要由GSM模块、单片机、温度检测模块、火灾信息检测模块和输出控制模块等部分组成。系统能够监控粮库温度、火灾和盗警等环境信息,并能以短信息方式发送给远程监控手机,同时能够通过短信息实现对粮库有关设备的控制。该系统采用GSM通信网络实现粮库远程无线监控,具有成本低、通信安全性高、工作可靠及操作简单等特点。     

基于GPS/GIS的农田地块监测更新系统

实现农田地块信息实时监测更新所要解决的关键问题是数据采集、传输与数据库更新一体化。为此，以农田地块的实时采集、远程传输和实时监测更新为目标，介绍了一种集成GPS，GSM和GIS技术的农田地块实时监测更新系统，对其更新模型、工作原理、系统体系结构、软硬件构成及系统开发设计与实现等进行了论述。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。