河曲马品种资源调查

河曲马是一种古老而优良的挽乘兼用型地方马种,主要分布于甘肃、青海、四川三省交界地区,因产地处于黄河上游拐弯之处,得名河曲马。该马性情温驯,容易管理,并以其良好的适应性、较大的挽力和持久力而深受广大农牧民群众的喜爱。但随着畜牧业科学养畜水平的不断提高和市场经济的快速发展,以效益促发展为效益而养畜已成为农牧民群众养畜的主要目的,牧民群众养马主要为了作为交通工具骑乘而养,如今现代化的交通工具轻便又经济．已经代替了传统故老的交通工具。河曲马这一古老的优良马种正在濒临绝种,为了保护这一古老的优良马种,保证其种群数量的稳定,保护草原物种多样化,促进草原生态的良性循环及可持续发展,对河曲玛原产地进行了品种资源调查．以便为今后河曲马的发展提供详细的参考资料。     

河曲马品种资源调查

河曲马是一种古老而优良的挽乘兼用型地方马种,主要分布于甘肃、青海、四川三省交界地区,因产地处于黄河上游拐弯之处,得名河曲马.该马性情温驯,容易管理,并以其良好的适应性、较大的挽力和持久力而深受广大农牧民群众的喜爱.但随着畜牧业科学养畜水平的不断提高和市场经济的快速发展,以效益促发展为效益而养畜已成为农牧民群众养畜的主要目的 ,牧民群众养马主要为了作为交通工具骑乘而养,如今现代化的交通工具轻便又经济,已经代替了传统故老的交通工具.河曲马这一古老的优良马种正在濒临绝种,为了保护这一古老的优良马种,保证其种群数量的稳定,保护草原物种多样化,促进草原生态的良性循环及可持续发展,对河曲玛原产地进行了品种资源调查,以便为今后河曲马的发展提供详细的参考资料.     

河曲马种质资源研究进展

河曲马是我国驯化历史悠久的挽乘兼用型地方品种,体格高大、耐粗饲、适应性强,是国家级畜禽遗传资源保护品种。本文从河曲马的品种形成、产区自然环境、分布及数量、外貌特征、体尺及体重、繁殖特性、经济类型、乘速及挽力、体征指标、产肉性能、肉品质、杂交利用等方面进行了综述,旨在为保护这一古老优良地方马种及今后从分子水平解析这一品种优良特性提供参考。     

甘南河曲马培育中生态因素的分析

河曲马是我国古老的马种之一,在1600多年漫长的形成过程中,虽曾受到蒙古马、大宛马、乌孙马等外血的影响,但在近600年间,产区是一个相对闭锁的社会,不曾受到外来马大批的侵入,而主要是在高原牧区中优良群牧条件下培育成的。河曲马分布在甘、川、青三省的毗邻地带,黄河流经此区,围绕积石山形成了第一个大弯曲。以甘肃的玛曲、碌曲和夏河县,四川省的若尔盖、阿坝和红原县;青海省的河南蒙古族自治县为中心产区。     

河曲马营养不良症寄生虫剖检调查

河曲马营养不良症寄生虫剖检调查甘肃农业大学兽医系赵晋军河曲马是我国挽乘兼用型优良马种，主要产自甘南州玛曲县及周围地区。多年来，该地区一直流行着病因不明的以消瘦和水肿为主要症状的营养不良性疾病，发病率和死亡率较高，据统计，仅玛曲县每年因该病造成的损失约...     

河曲马选育方向探讨

河曲马体质结实、体型匀称、体格高大,是我国优良的地方马种。经济类型以挽乘兼用型为主,通过选育方向的分析表明:河曲马具有骑乘型和肉、乳型的选择优势。     

河曲马品种资源调查

河曲马是我国优良的地方马种之一，存栏总数13．96万匹，约有50％分布于黄河首曲草原，为挽乘兼用型马种，体格高大、强壮，性格活泼，合群性强，生产性能优良。终年放牧，耐粗饲、无棚圈设施、无补饲条件，对高寒的自然环境有很强的适应力，其生态类型属于高原森林草原生态型，为了保护这一珍贵的经济资源，我们对河曲马进行了系统的调查研究。     

五星牧场河曲马保种选育核心群畜群结构的研究

根据五星牧场河曲马保种群占有草场面积和畜牧学育种原理,建立了保种群的最优畜群结构。结果表明,最优马群结构的群体有效含量不小于100匹;种公马20匹,成年公母马性别比例为1∶10;后备幼驹年龄结构呈金字塔形,并且幼驹从出生到3.5~4岁开始繁殖期间选择强度大,公驹为2.050,母驹为0.798;适龄繁殖母马数量占整个畜群的49.79%。以上结果,适宜于河曲马保种选育工作的顺利进行。     

大通县役用马全血铁含量的测定

对大通县35匹役用马全血铁含量进行了测定。结果表明,大通县役用马全血铁含量为29.53mmol/L±4.31mmol/L。公(骟)、母马组之间全血铁含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

河曲藏獒犬品种保护与选育研究

按照公母比例1:3选择公犬50只,母犬150只组建河曲藏獒犬育种核心群,从体型、外貌、体尺、毛色、适应性与气质等方面提出河曲藏獒犬评定的标准与要求,实施各家系等数留种法,使核心群体有效含量达到239.8,世代间隔2.5年,世代近交系数的增量控制在0.2%以下。通过选育核心群公犬平均体高72.1 cm、管围16.3 cm,母犬平均体高70.2 cm、管围15.2 cm,为同步开展河曲藏獒犬品种资源保护与选育奠定了基础。     

Repeated blood instillation into the airway of the horse does not cause pulmonary fibrosis

Reasons for performing the study: Exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) occurs in nearly all strenuously exercising horses. Recent studies have attempted to identify the role of free blood within the airspaces, in the lung fibrosis that develops within the lungs of EIPH horses. Hypothesis: Repeated exposure of the equine lung to autologous blood results in lung fibrosis similar to that observed in spontaneous EIPH. Methods: Forty ml of autologous blood from the jugular vein was instilled into preselected lung regions of 6 horses one, 2, 3, 4 or 5 times at 2 week intervals, with 40 ml of saline instilled into the contralateral lung serving as a control. The time interval between instillation of the first blood and euthanasia ranged from 2–10 weeks. The lung from each instillation site was harvested, and the histopathology was scored from each region based upon the presence and abundance of blood, haemosiderin and interstitial collagen. Consequently, at the time of euthanasia, the time since instillation of the first blood ranged from 2–10 weeks. Results: Beyond retention of blood, and the accumulation of haemosiderin, there was no visible increase in perivascular and interstitial collagen within the blood‐instilled lung sites. In a small number of regions, there were foci of bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia with collagen accumulation within these foci, but no collagen accumulation with the characteristic perivascular and interstitial histological distribution seen in EIPH. Conclusions: Free blood within the airways of horses does not result in a qualitative increase in the amount of interstitial collagen within 8–10 weeks, and is therefore an unlikely aetiological factor in the lung collagen accumulation that occurs in EIPH. Potential relevance: This study emphasises the efficiency of the equine lung in clearing blood from the airspaces. Further, it suggests that the aetiopathogenesis of EIPH is not driven by events within the airspace lumen, but rather emanates from within the vasculature and lung interstitium.     

牧草和草坪草中的真菌病毒

真菌病毒是一类以真菌和卵菌为寄主,并在真菌和卵菌内完成生命周期的病毒类群,广泛存在于各真菌和卵菌类群中.部分病毒会导致其真菌寄主出现弱毒现象,从而降低病原真菌对植物的致病能力.目前,已在包括引致禾草叶斑病、褐斑病、赤霉病及豆科牧草根腐病在内的病原中发现了具弱毒特性的病毒,具有生防方面的利用价值.此外,近年来发现的真菌病毒毒株CThTV可对禾草内生真菌共生体提供耐热性,揭示了真菌病毒的另一利用潜力.草类植物是重要的畜牧业生产生活资料,在生态环境中也发挥着重要的作用,但近年来草原退化日趋严峻,制约了畜牧业的发展,也导致草原生态环境十分脆弱.本文系统介绍了真菌病毒的定义、分类、及其对寄主的影响,从草类植物的病原真菌与内生真菌两个视角,综述了真菌病毒的相关研究进展,旨在明确真菌病毒在草类植物真菌中的多样性及功能,为其在草类病害防治及抗性提升方面的研究与应用提供参考.     

Mineral balance in horses fed two supplemental silicon sources

Numerous studies suggest that silicon (Si) supplementation is beneficial for mineral metabolism and bone health. Mineral balance studies have not been performed in horses to determine how these supplements affect absorption of other minerals. The purpose of these studies was to investigate the effects of two different Si supplements on mineral absorption and retention in horses. Eight geldings were randomly placed in one of two groups: control (CO) or supplemental Si, which was provided by one of two supplements. The first, sodium aluminium silicate (SA), contains a bioavailable form of Si and is high in aluminium (Al). The second supplement contains oligomeric orthosilicic acid (OSA). All horses received textured feed and ad libitum access to hay. Supplemented horses received either 200 g of SA or 28.6 ml of OSA per day. Following a 10-day adaptation period, the horses underwent a 3-day total collection. Blood samples were taken on days 0 and 13. The two balance studies were conducted 4 months apart to reduce carryover effects. Intakes of Al and Si were greater with SA supplementation (p < 0.05). Sodium aluminium silicate increased faecal and urinary Si excretion (p < 0.05). Calcium retention and apparent digestion were increased by SA (p < 0.05). It also maintained plasma Si compared with the CO which tended to have a decrease in plasma Si (p = 0.08). Supplemental OSA increased retention of Ca and B (p < 0.05) and apparent digestion of B (p < 0.01). Orthosilicic acid tended to increase Si retention (p = 0.054), apparent digestion (p < 0.065), and also increased plasma Si. Both supplements were able to alter Ca retention and B metabolism, however, only OSA was able to alter Si retention, digestibility and plasma concentration. Orthosilicic acid, an Si supplement without substantial Al, appears to be a viable option for Si supplementation as it increased Si retention and digestibility.     

四川省山羊主产区常用饲料营养价值分析

分别测定了四川简阳、乐至、自贡、南江和双流5个地区山羊常用的3类（青草、秸秆和蚕沙）饲料的常规营养成分和矿物元素含量。结果表明,1）青草类和蚕沙的营养价值较高,粗蛋白的平均含量分别为13.94%和13.03%,粗纤维的平均含量分别为31.76%和18.33%,可作为优质饲料饲喂山羊;秸秆类的营养价值较低,粗蛋白和粗纤维的平均含量分别为7.52%和44.55%,可作为山羊粗饲料不足时的补充。2）饲料中矿物元素钙、钾、镁和铁含量较高,能满足山羊的基本需要,钠、磷、铜、锌、锰和硒含量不能满足基本需要,需额外补充。     

Episodic collapse in the horse

The term ‘collapse’ can be used to describe a variety of incidents in which a horse loses postural tone with or without progression to recumbency and with or without loss of consciousness. Depending on the aetiology of the condition the episode may be self‐limiting and may or may not recur. Alternatively the collapse may be secondary to serious injury or disease and require veterinary intervention. This article mainly discusses investigation of the former scenario of self‐limiting single or multiple episodes of collapse in apparently healthy horses. An overview of the various causes of collapse is followed by a suggested approach to the diagnosis of these challenging cases.     

Seasonal Changes in Forage Nutrients and Mineral Contents in Water Resources,Forage and Yak Blood

This paper reports results of a study conducted to investigate the concentrations of seven mineral elements in yak blood, forage and water resources around the Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province in different seasons. Meanwhile, the nutritional compositions of the forage were also surveyed. The results suggest that the mineral elements and the forage nutrients change in a seasonal pattern. In yak blood,the sodium(Na)concentration varies from 0.291 to 0.034 mg/mL,and this is lower than the normal value. In the forage,the ratio calcium(Ca)to phosphorus(P)is 4.06～7.47:1 and potassium(K)to Na 30～27:1. These results indicate that the nutrition of the yak in the area is deficient in Na but high in K. For the withered forage sampled in February,the protein content is only 31.14% of the total protein in the forage growing at puerile stage in June. The severe loss of protein by 68. 9% and decrease of effective nutrients in the wintered forage are considered to be the reasons resulting in the poor condition of yak in winter and spring seasons.     

ICP-MS测定成熟蜂蜜矿物质元素及其鉴别分析

本文用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对成熟蜂蜜进行了多元素含量测定,并利用元素组成统计数据,对成熟蜂蜜进行了鉴别.主成分分析(PCA)、决策树(Decision Tree)、朴素贝叶斯(naive bayes)、神经网络(neural network)、支持向量机(support vector machine)...     

牦牛血液矿物元素含量和血清指标变化规律的研究

为了探讨牦牛营养代谢疾病的病因,在黄河首曲草地对放牧牦牛血液矿物元素含量和血清指标的变化规律进行了系统的研究。结果表明:牦牛血液矿物元素含量和血清指标具有明显的季节动态;在首曲草原,牧草矿物元素含量季节性缺乏是引起牦牛营养代谢疾病的原因之一。