中药制剂强普素、强普生展联合用药对保育猪生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究中药制剂强普素、强普生展联合用药对保育猪生产性能的影响。选取同批次生长状况相近的40日龄保育仔猪24窝共计231头,随机按窝分成两组即对照组（A组）12窝118头饲喂基础日粮＋抗生素常规治疗,试验组（B组）12窝113头饲喂基础日粮＋中药制剂防治：研究中药制剂对保育猪生产性能的影响。结果：通过使用中草药制剂试验组相比对照组均重提高17．7％、成活率提高16．84％、下床达标率提高27．8％、料肉比下降0．228、试验结束时试验组呼吸道疾病治愈而对照组发病居高不下。结论：试验表明中药制剂对提高生产性能、防治疾病有极佳的效果,经统计分析两组差异显著。     

中药微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻率的影响

为了研究中药微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻率的影响,笔者将90头日龄、体重相近的本地可乐猪仔猪随机分为3组,对照组饲喂养殖场基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+0.60%发酵中药微生态制剂,试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+1.20%发酵中药微生态制剂,试验期40 d。结果表明,在饲料中添加中药微生态制剂能明显提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重,降低料肉比和腹泻率。     

中药复方制剂对生长肥育猪生长性能及血清免疫球蛋白的影响

本试验将60头75～80日龄、体重45 kg左右的杜长大杂种生长肥育猪随机分为3组,每组20头,对照组猪饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组猪饲喂基础饲粮 1%中药制剂,试验2组猪饲喂基础饲粮 2%中药制剂,试验期60 d.结果表明,与对照组相比,中药复方制剂能显著提高猪的生长性能,并能提高肥育猪血清IgG、IgA、IgM的水平,从而增强了生长肥育猪的自身免疫力.     

抗霉菌毒素添加剂对猪生长性能的影响

为了研究抗霉菌毒素添加剂对猪生长性能的影响,本试验选取体重相近的保育猪60头,随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,对照组保育猪饲喂基础日粮,试验组保育猪饲喂添加0.10%酯化葡甘露聚糖(一种抗霉菌毒素添加剂)的基础日粮,试验期30 d,结果显示,试验组保育猪的料肉比和平均日增重明显高于对照组保育猪的,表明在饲料中添加抗霉菌毒素添加剂可有效提高猪的生长性能,降低饲养成本。     

中草药红茶菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及舍内氨气浓度的影响

试验旨在研究中草药红茶菌制剂对规模化猪场断奶仔猪生长性能及猪舍氨气浓度的影响。选用2栋保育猪舍,分别设对照组和试验组,每组416头断奶仔猪,分4个重复,每个重复4个栏,每个栏约26头猪。预试期3 d,正试期60 d,对照组饲喂基础饲粮+自由饮水,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+1%中草药红茶菌制剂稀释液自由饮用。结果表明,在对照组和试验组猪舍内平均温度分别为28.11℃和28.21℃、平均湿度分别为63.62%和63.27%条件下,末重试验组比对照组提高6.05%(P0.05),日增重试验组比对照组提高8.22%(P0.05),日采食量两组差异不显著,料重比试验组比对照组下降6.67%(P0.05),发病率试验组比对照组降低2.17个百分点(P0.05),舍内平均氨气浓度试验组比对照组降低43.60%(P0.05),经济效益试验组比对照组提高13.36%。说明中草药红茶菌制剂能够提高断奶仔猪生长性能,改善健康状况,降低保育猪舍内氨气浓度。     

小麦日粮中益生菌与甘露寡糖对保育猪生产性能及粪便微生物的影响

为了探讨小麦日粮中添加益生菌和甘露寡糖对保育猪生产性能、粪便微生物及养分消化率的影响,试验采用单因子设计,将8 kg左右保育猪(杜×长×大)160头随机分为对照组和试验1,2,3组,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+1 000 mg/kg益生菌、基础日粮+1 000 mg/kg甘露寡糖、基础日粮+1 000 mg/kg益生菌+1 000 mg/kg甘露寡糖,测定保育猪生产性能、粪便微生物及养分消化率,并进行了经济效益分析。结果表明:试验1,2,3组保育猪平均日增重均高于对照组,料重比低于对照组,且试验1,3组与对照组差异明显;试验1,3组保育猪粪便中乳酸菌数高于对照组,试验1,3组大肠杆菌数低于对照组,试验2,3组双歧杆菌数高于对照组;各组间日粮养分消化率差异不明显;试验1,2,3组经济效益均高于对照组,其中试验3组最高。说明益生菌可提高保育猪生产性能;益生菌可提高保育猪粪便中乳酸菌数、降低大肠杆菌数,甘露寡糖可提高保育猪粪便中双歧杆菌数;小麦日粮中添加益生菌和甘露寡糖均可以提高养殖经济效益,二者协同添加经济效益更高。     

乳酸菌制剂对保育前期仔猪生长性能及经济效益的影响

为研究乳酸菌制剂对保育前期仔猪生长性能和经济效益的影响,试验选取35日龄遗传背景相同的、健康的、体重9.5 kg左右的保育前期仔猪80头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组设4个重复,每个重复10头,公母各半。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1 000 mg/kg乳酸菌制剂的饲粮。试验期为15 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组日采食量提高6.6%(P0.05),日增重提高13.8%(P0.05),料重比降低6.0%(P0.05),腹泻指数降低48.5%,每头猪纯利润提高29.86元。     

无抗保育料的开发研究及其对保育猪生长性能的影响

试验用酸化剂、酶制剂、微生态制剂、植物提取物等几种添加剂的组合替代抗生素,配制保育猪无抗配方饲粮,通过两次试验评估添加剂组合替代抗生素对保育猪生长性能的影响,来探讨其可行性,为无抗保育猪料的研究开发提供技术支持。试验一选用80头35日龄、体重9.0 kg左右的保育猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头保育猪。试验二在保育自动测试站进行,选用40头40日龄、体重11 kg左右的保育猪,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头保育猪。对照组饲喂有抗配方饲粮,按《饲料药物添加剂使用规范》中规定的药物种类和使用剂量添加,试验组用酸化剂、酶制剂、微生态制剂、植物提取物等组合替代对照组饲粮配方中的抗生素。试验一结果表明:试验组和对照组日采食量、日增重、料重比均无显著差异(P0.05),其中采食量试验组比对照组提高9.36%(P0.05),日增重提高4%(P0.05);腹泻率,试验组与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。试验二结果表明:采食量试验组比对照组提高4.25%(P0.05),日增重、料重比两组间差异均不显著(P0.05);腹泻指数两组间差异不显著(P0.05)。两次试验结果一致表明:无抗配方对采食量有改善趋势,其他生长性能和抗腹泻指标无抗配方与有抗配方差异不显著,说明无抗配方的设计可行。     

复合酶制剂对生长肥育猪的饲喂效果

选用体重27kg的杜长大三元杂交生长肥育猪42头,随机分成对照组和试验组,每组3个重复组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+0.01%复合酶制剂,试验期32d。试验结果表明:复合酶制剂可将猪平均日增重提高0.057kg(P<0.05);平均日采食量降低0.072kg,饲料增重比降低13.31%;每千克增重饲料成本降低0.605元,经济效益提高了12.62%。     

超微粉中药对保育猪小肠形态发育的影响

为了研究超微粉中药对保育猪小肠形态学发育程度的影响,选择28日龄、体质量相近的杜长大保育猪72头,随机分成中药Ⅰ组、中药Ⅱ组、抗生素组和对照组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头。中药Ⅰ组饲喂1%中草药组方Ⅰ+基础饲粮,中药Ⅱ组饲喂1%中草药组方Ⅱ+基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂硫酸黏杆菌素6 g/t+杆菌肽锌30 g/t+基础饲粮,对照组饲喂基础饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果显示,中药Ⅱ组效果优于中药Ⅰ组。与对照组相比,中药Ⅱ组提高十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度分别为8.53%(P0.05)、10.78%(P0.01)、9.68%(P0.01);中药Ⅱ组对各肠段隐窝深度影响不大(P0.05);提高十二指肠、空肠及回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值分别为7.93%(P0.05)、13.21%(P0.01)、14.74%(P0.01);提高十二指肠、空肠及回肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量分别为23.37%(P0.01)、16.33%(P0.01)、14.52%(P0.01);提高十二指肠、空肠及回肠杯状细胞数量分别为31.82%(P0.01)、26.92%(P0.01)、12.70%(P0.05)。结果表明中药组方Ⅱ能有效改善保育猪小肠结构发育状况。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …