不同时期施保水剂对甘蔗抗旱性和产量及品质的影响

在玻璃大棚槽栽条件下，分别于甘蔗下种期、分蘖初期和伸长初期每667m^2施保水剂15kg，以不施保水剂为CK，8—10月份人工模拟干旱胁迫，探索施保水剂与不施保水剂以及不同时期施保水剂对产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明，干旱胁迫期间，施保水剂土壤含水量下降缓慢，甘蔗叶片含水量较高，质膜透性和丙二醛含量较低，蔗茎月伸长量较大，蔗茎产量比CK高8．94％-12．25％，11～1月平均蔗糖分比CK高0．54～0．96个百分点。不同时期施保水剂的效果，以伸长初期施用表现最佳，分蘖期施用次之。     

石灰、钙镁磷肥对酸性蔗作土的效应研究

通过田间试验，研究蔗作土在pH=4.9下，每公顷施用石灰1500kg(A)、钙镁磷肥1500kg（B）和石灰1800kg＋钙镁磷肥900kg（C）三个处理的效应。试验结果表明，三个处理均不同程度地提高了土壤pH值；有效地促进甘蔗对N、P、K，特别是P的吸收；使甘蔗单株绿叶数、伸长速、茎长、茎粗、单茎重、有效茎数提高，而且提高了甘蔗蔗糖分，改善甘蔗品质；每公顷蔗茎产量和含糖量提高幅度分别为8.2-13.0％和10.2%-22.8%。B、C两个处理的促进效应较A处理明显。     

酸性蔗作土施用石灰、钙镁磷肥的效应

通过田间试验，研究pH值为4．86蔗作土每公顷施1500kg石灰（A处理）、1500kg钙镁磷肥（B处理）和1800kg石灰＋900kg钙镁磷肥（C处理）的效应。结果表明，3个处理均不同程度地提高了土壤pH值；有效地促进甘蔗对N、P、K，特别是P的吸收；提高甘蔗单株绿叶数、伸长速、茎长、茎粗、单茎重、有效茎数及蔗糖分，改善甘蔗品质；每公顷蔗茎产量和含糖量分别提高8．2％－13．0％和10．2％－22．8％。B、C处理的促进效应较A处理明显。     

不同成熟期甘蔗品质性状分析

分析勐海地区常见27个甘蔗品种从2014年12月至2015年3月蔗糖品质的变化。结果表明:随着甘蔗的成熟,其品质在成熟中后期最好,这时期收获的甘蔗纤维分较低,蔗汁糖分、甘蔗蔗糖分、蔗汁磷酸值较高。该地区种植的甘蔗,随着海拔的升高,蔗汁锤度、蔗汁糖分、甘蔗蔗糖分、蔗汁磷酸值下降。     

钾肥施用量对甘蔗产质量的影响

通过田间试验,研究甘蔗不同施钾水平对甘蔗产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随着施钾量的增加（1）甘蔗茎径、单茎重有明显下降趋势,有效茎数则有明显上升趋势,甘蔗的茎长、产量无明显趋势。（2）提高了蔗汁蔗糖分、总糖、改正锤度、重力纯度,改善了甘蔗品质。     

不同时期喷施乙烯剂对甘蔗生长、主要农艺性状及抗早性的影响

在甘蔗的分蘖前期和伸长中前期对春植蔗桂糖15号用100mg/L的乙烯进行叶面喷施处理，结果表明：分薛前期喷施乙烯利的处理促进了甘蔗的生长，改善了经济性状，使分蘖和蔗茎伸长速度、茎长、茎径、单茎重及成茎率均有所提高，获得了较好的增产效果，同时提高了甘蔗的蔗糖分及品质。而伸长中前期喷施乙烯利的处理生长受抑制，茎长、茎径、单茎重均降低，从而产量较低，但其成茎率有所提高，蔗糖分明显提高，表现出明显的增糖和提高甘蔗品质的效果。此外，经乙烯利处理的甘蔗遇干旱时，有较强的抗旱性。在这两个乙烯利处理中，时期I处理的抗旱性最强，产量也较高，综合效果最好。     

"容大丰"膏肥甘蔗田间肥效试验

试验结果表明：甘蔗施用“容大丰”膏肥,可促进甘蔗生长,蔗茎长粗,从而增加蔗茎产量5．62％-9．17％,有助农业增收。同时还可改善蔗汁品质,提高甘蔗蔗糖分含量0．16％-0．85％（绝对值）,有利企业降低成本,提高经济效益。“容大丰”膏肥能使甘蔗增产增糖,是优质甘蔗糖料生产基地的理想肥料,在甘蔗生产上推广应用,施用量以300倍液（1～2次）为宜,可结合3-4月防治甘蔗螟虫、7-8月防治甘蔗绵蚜喷施。     

干旱胁迫对甘蔗种茎生长的影响

茎是甘蔗繁育的主要部位,砍成茎段后会因失水导致种茎质量下降.判断并筛选高质量的甘蔗种茎是提高甘蔗出苗率,保证甘蔗产量的前提.为了解干旱胁迫对甘蔗种茎生长的影响,采用桂糖42号单芽茎段作为试验材料,培养20天,对种茎形态和蔗苗及根系变化的数据进行统计分析.结果表明,干旱胁迫会使甘蔗种茎的茎重降低,茎径缩小,同时蔗苗和根系...     

两种液肥对台糖172甘蔗产量及品质的效应

分别用１／５００浓度蔗丰灵和１／５００浓度动植宝叶面喷施甘蔗台糖１７２,能增加甘蔗产量,明显改善甘蔗品质,不影响第二年宿根蔗出苗分蘖。蔗丰灵处理的,使甘蔗增产４．８４％,提高甘蔗糖分２．１５％（绝对值）,宿根蔗的出苗分蘖比对照增加２．２％。动植宝处理的可使甘蔗增产４．０５％,提高甘蔗糖分０．９９５％（绝对值）,宿根蔗出苗分蘖与对照相同。     

新台糖16号收获后蔗茎品质的变化

甘蔗收获后蔗茎品质逐日变劣，蔗糖分和蔗汁重力纯度是随贮存时间的增加而下降，蔗汁还原糖和干耗损失则随贮存时间的增加而增加。甘蔗不同种间品质变劣的难易存在差异。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。