西藏发现重要外来入侵害虫——西花蓟马

西花蓟马是一种世界性的重要害虫,中国大陆地区2003年首次在北京发现并报道.作者对拉萨市区及堆龙德庆县蔬菜上采集到的蓟马进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定,证明此种蓟马为西花蓟马,这是西花蓟马在西藏发生的首次报道.     

危险性外来入侵害虫——西花蓟马的鉴别、危害及防治

西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)及其所传播的番茄斑萎病毒(TSWV)已被许多国家列为检疫性病虫害, 对多种蔬菜、花卉、果树造成严重危害。本文对其主要鉴别特征、分布危害、生物学习性和控制技术作了简要介绍。     

防治西花蓟马药剂筛选试验

测定6种药剂在田问对西花蓟马防治效果，结果表明：2．5％菜喜悬浮剂、48％乐斯本乳油和0．3％印楝素乳油处理在施药3天后防效分别达到88．8％、86．0％和90．0％，7天后3种药剂防效为89．1％，91．0％；在大区试验中，筛选出的3种药剂对西花蓟马也有很好的防治效果，表明可以作为蔬菜上西花蓟马重发生时的应急防治药剂。     

危险性外来入侵生物——西花蓟马在北京发生危害

近年来,蓟马在我国北方设施栽培作物上突然严重发生,并造成明显危害。特别是2003年上半年,在局部地区暴发成灾,其中北京市郊大棚辣椒每朵花上有蓟马成、若虫100头以上,平均每株辣椒叶和花上蓟马总数达数千头,用锉吸式口器穿刺,锉伤花、叶组织吸食汁液,受害轻的影响植株生长、开花,     

利用胡瓜钝绥螨防治西花蓟马研究进展

胡瓜钝绥螨是西花蓟马的捕食性天敌,对西花蓟马有明显的控制作用。本文总结了胡瓜钝绥螨的生物学特性、捕食效率及控制西花蓟马效果等方面的研究进展。     

PCR法鉴定西花蓟马

根据mtDNACOI基因的部分序列，设计出两对西花蓟马特异性引物，建立起西花蓟马的PCR鉴定方法。本方法适用于西花蓟马的成虫、若虫及蛹的快速检疫鉴定。     

北京地区西花蓟马发生为害调查研究

通过2003～2005年对北京地区西花蓟马发生为害情况进行的系统调查监测,发现发生地由2003年的2个点扩大为2005年的6个区,呈蔓延扩散趋势;为害的植物也从最初的辣椒到2005年的28科65种,以葫芦科的荷兰黄瓜、甜瓜及十字花科的白萝卜叶片受害最为严重。另外,就不同寄主上西花蓟马的发生为害动态进行了系统调查,初步分析了其在自然条件下的种群消长规律。     

临沧市新发现外来有害生物--西花蓟马

西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)是一种严重的外来有害生物,属检疫性害虫,此虫原本是北美洲的本地虫种,20世纪50年代只发生在加拿大、墨西哥、美国等国家,20世纪80年代随着对环境的适应性及对药剂的抗性增强,开始在国际间广泛传播蔓延.2003首次传入我国,引起各级领导的高度重视,2004年,通过调查,我市也发现有西花蓟马的入侵为害.     

西花蓟马的生物学习性观察试验

在温室内以粉色玫瑰为寄主植物观察并记录了西花蓟马的部分生物学习性,在恒温箱内记录了在15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃4个温度下各虫态的历期,并计算出发育起点温度和有效积温.     

Inheritance of resistance to acrinathrin in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

BACKGROUND: The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest. The genetic basis of acrinathrin resistance was investigated in WFT. RESULTS: The resistant strain, selected in the laboratory for acrinathrin resistance from a pool of thrips populations collected in Almeria (south-eastern Spain), showed a high resistance to acrinathrin (43-fold based on LC(50) values) compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. Mortality data from reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible thrips indicated that resistance was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects. Analysis of probit lines from the parental strains and reciprocal crosses showed that resistance was expressed as a codominant trait. To determine the number of genes involved, a direct test of monogenic inheritance based on the backcrosses suggested that resistance to acrinathrin was probably controlled by one locus. Another approach, which was based on phenotypic variances, showed n(E), or the minimum number of freely segregating genetic factors for the resistant strain, to be 0.79. CONCLUSION: The results showed that acrinathrin resistance in WFT was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects, and was expressed as a codominant trait, probably controlled by one locus.     

SNP allele frequency estimation in pooled DNA of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) by next-generation sequencing

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Next-generation sequencing combined with bioinformatic analysis has become an instrumental tool for quick and reliable SNP discovery in genomes. Here, we...     

Compatibility of spinosad with predaceous mites (Acari) used to control Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

BACKGROUND: Spinosad is a biopesticide widely used for control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). It is reported to be non‐toxic to several predatory mite species used for the biological control of thrips. Predatory mites Typhlodromips montdorensis (Schicha), Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) and Hypoaspis miles (Berlese) have been used for control of F. occidentalis. This study investigated the impact of direct and residual toxicity of spinosad on F. occidentalis and predatory mites. The repellency of spinosad residues to these predatory mites was also investigated. RESULTS: Direct contact to spinosad effectively reduced the number of F. occidentalis adults and larvae, causing > 96% mortality. Spinosad residues aged 2–96 h were also toxic to F. occidentalis. Direct exposure to spinosad resulted in > 90% mortality of all three mite species. Thresholds for the residual toxicity (contact) of spinosad (LT₂₅) were estimated as 4.2, 3.2 and 5.8 days for T. montdorensis, N. cucumeris and H. miles respectively. When mites were simultaneously exposed to spinosad residues and fed spinosad‐intoxicated thrips larvae, toxicity increased. Residual thresholds were re‐estimated as 5.4, 3.9 and 6.1 days for T. montdorensis, N. cucumeris and H. miles respectively. Residues aged 2–48 h repelled T. montdorensis and H. miles, and residues aged 2–24 h repelled N. cucumeris. CONCLUSION: Predatory mites can be safely released 6 days after spinosad is applied for the management of F. occidentalis. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluation of medium treatments for management of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) and Bradysia coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae)

Two greenhouse experiments, each comprising two trials, were conducted to evaluate medium drenches of insect growth regulators and conventional insecticides to reduce emergence of adult western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and fungus gnats, Bradysia coprophila (Lintner) from the medium. In the insect growth regulator trials, diflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen provided the greatest reduction in thrips emergence, and fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin resulted in the most significant reduction of fungus gnat emergence. Treatments with the contact insecticides, methiocarb and chlorpyrifos, resulted in the greatest reduction of thrips and fungus gnat populations. These data suggest that fungus gnats are susceptible to many compounds used in commercial greenhouse production. Even though medium drenches are not currently used for thrips management, drenches with diflubenzuron, pyriproxyfen, methiocarb and chlorpyrifos could aid in reducing thrips populations in greenhouse management programs. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

西方花蓟马的生物防治研究进展

西方花蓟马起源于美国西部,目前为一种世界性入侵的危险性害虫.西方花蓟马的自然天敌很多,包括捕食螨、捕食蝽、昆虫病原线虫、病原菌等,其中利用最多的是植绥螨.本文综述了各类天歃的生物防治研究进展,并重点介绍了植绥螨的应用.     

应用实验种群生命表评价巴氏新小绥螨对西花蓟马的控制能力

以西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)(Thysanoptera,Thripidae)一龄若虫为猎物组建巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri(Hughes)(Acari:Phytoseiidae)实验种群生命表,获得净生殖力Ro=27.37,世代平均历期T=22.17天,内禀增长率rm=0.15,周限增长率λ=1.16,种群倍增所需时间t=4.64天等参数。将获得参数值与西花蓟马的相关参数值进行比较,巴氏新小绥螨瞬间增长率大于西花蓟马的瞬间增长率(0.14),雌成螨日取食7～12头西花蓟马一龄若虫,表明巴氏新小绥螨可以作为控制西花蓟马种群数量的有效天敌。     

Effectiveness of insecticide-treated and non-treated trap plants for the management of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in greenhouse ornamentals

The effectiveness of trap cropping as an integrated control strategy against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), was explored in potted chrysanthemum, Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzvelev), greenhouse crops. The efficacy of flowering chrysanthemum trap plants, either treated with the insecticide spinosad or untreated, to regulate F. occidentalis populations was tested at different spatial scales (small cage, large cage and commercial greenhouse) and for different time periods (1 or 4 weeks). It was demonstrated that flowering chrysanthemums as trap plants lower the number of adult F. occidentalis in a vegetative chrysanthemum crop and, as a result, reduce crop damage. In the 4 week large-cage trial and the commercial trial, significant differences between the control and the trap plant treatments started to appear in the third week of the experiment. Larvae were only significantly reduced by the presence of trap plants in the 1 week small-cage trials. There were no significant differences between treatments with spinosad-treated and untreated trap plants in the number of F. occidentalis on the crop. This suggests that there was minimal movement of adult F. occidentalis back and forth between the trap plants and the crop to feed and oviposit. It is concluded that the trap plant strategy is a useful tool for integrated pest management against F. occidentalis in greenhouses.     

Pest status of the Hawaiian flower thrips,Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in lemons in the Mediterranean region of Turkey

Phytoparasitica - The Hawaiian flower thrips, Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a polyphagous and widespread pest in tropical and temperate regions. In 2015, T. hawaiiensis...