自主旅游汽车营地规划设计——以平利县天书峡景区为例

指出了随着旅游业的快速发展,公众生活观念和生活方式发生了转变,自驾游已成为旅游市场的热点与重要发展趋势。以旅游区汽车营地为切入点,对天书峡旅游区地形地貌、景观道路、社会经济等条件进行了分析,结合景区的环境容量,对汽车营地的道路、景观植被、功能、土地利用、配套设施等进行了详细规划设计,以期为旅游区中的汽车营地规划设计提供参考。     

景源开发与特色创作的有机结合──河北省涞水县三皇山风景旅游区总体规划构思

随着经济、文化的发展,旅游已成为城市居民喜闻乐见的休闲方式,与之相连的风景区的开发建设,更成方兴未艾之势。但千篇一律、相互雷同的景点、景区的设置日益增多,人们迫切希望更多有特色风格的风景旅游区,以满足游客寻奇觅胜的需要。笔者在进行河北省涞水县三皇山风景旅游区总体规划时,以特色创作作为规划设计的切入点,使景源开发与特色创作有机结合,以期探索北方以山岳风景为主的风景旅游区的创作之路。１ 三是山风景旅游区景源简介 涞水县三皇山风景旅游区,是涞水县继成功开发野三坡国家级风景旅游区后的又一旅游开发区;该风景…     

风景旅游区的项目创意与策划——以武汉木兰清凉寨风景旅游区为例

介绍武汉木兰清凉寨风景旅游区的基本概况、规划构思等,重点分析了该旅游区的项目创意与策划,旨在为风景旅游区规划中的项目策划方向和开发提供可借鉴的思路。     

北京园林学会团体会员——北京清华同衡规划设计研究院

正风景园林研究中心RESEARCH CENTER FOR LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE城市尺度下的风景园林规划设计城市公园规划设计水景观规划设计广场设计园林建筑设计居住区/园区规划设计旅游发展规划/策划风景区/旅游区规划     

安徽"丫山花海石林"旅游区门景区的规划设计

根据"突出主题、服务游客"的原则对安徽"丫山花海石林"旅游区门景区进行了规划设计探索。在分析旅游区现状特色的基础上,提出了门景区的功能定位,规划设计应遵循的原则,主要景点建设规划,以及旅游设施建设与项目设置规划。并根据各个景点与设施的特点,对植被景观规划与植物配置做了详细规划。     

北京园林学会团体会员——北京建院佰地园林工程有限公司

北京建院佰地园林工程有限公司直属于北京市建筑设计研究院，主要从事风景旅游区及主题公园规划设计；城市景观规划设计；居住区规划设计；总图、竖向、室外管网综合设计。     

北京园林学会团体会员介绍

北京建院佰地园林工程有限公司北京建院佰地园林工程有限公司直属于北京市建筑设计研究院,主要从事风景旅游区及主题公园规划设计;城市景观规划设计;居住区规划设计;     

纪念首都全民义务植树30周年 文学作品征文大赛获奖作品选登 绿色北京，翠在海淀

上风上水的海淀区是北京乃至世界著名的科技、教育、文化、旅游区．这里历史文化资源丰富．高素质人才集中,科技研发能力领先．不仅拥有明显的文化资源优势．还拥有优越的自然地貌和良好的建筑群体。不仅如此,作为核心区的海淀区更拥有着优美的城市绿化环境．是一个绿化美化的模范城市。如今,推窗可见绿、出门见游园已经成为北京市海淀区独具一格的景观。     

云南澜沧江糯扎渡水电站生态旅游规划探讨

生态旅游随着社会的不断发展而丰富和拓展,按照确定一个总体定位,进行两项基本分析(旅游资源分析与客源市场分析),明确三种实施途径(定调子即区域旅游形象策划,定盘子即旅游功能空间布局,定路子即开发项目创意),规划四个保障体系(管理体制、营销系统、环境保护体系、投资和资本运作体制)。根据糯扎渡水电站旅游区旅游资源的空间结构、优势资源的差异、对旅游区进行定位;并从市场需求出发,立足优势资源制定了旅游区旅游开发的目标,确定了旅游主题与主题形象塑造工程;提出了为旅游业服务的基础设施建设规划和实施规划的保障体系;在此基础上开展有序的开发、建设和保护。     

园林景观中的植物色彩设计——以青岛石老人生态旅游区植被改造为例

通过对青岛石老人生态旅游区的植被改造规划的分析,探讨植物不同器官和不同季节的色彩变化在园林景观规划设计中的意义。从生态旅游区的整体色彩效果出发,考虑背景色彩,着重应用原有的绿色基调,调配点缀不同的植物及色彩变化,营造丰富多彩和富于变化的植物色彩景观。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.