应用促排卵3号,亚硒酸钠治疗母牛久配不孕效果观察

选择临床和产科检查正常的久配不孕母牛为试验牛，发Ａ，Ｂ两组，Ａ组于输精前０－２ｈ每头肌肉注射促排卵３号２００μｇ；Ｂ组于输精前０－２ｈ每头肌肉注射促排３号２００μｇ基础上，于输精前或后再肌肉注射０．２５％亚硒酸钠溶液１５～２０ｍｌ选择与试验牛同期上站配种的正常母牛对为对照组Ｃ，输精时不做任何处理，３组牛受胎结果表明，Ａ，Ｂ组可获得与Ｃ组相同的情期受胎率和总受胎率（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

牛卵泡卵母细胞冷冻保存后发育潜力的研究

对用３种不同方法（Ａ法：１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘油平衡，从２０℃开始以１℃／ｍｉｎ的速度降至－℃，植冰，１０ｍｉｎ后以０．３℃／ｍｉｎ降至－３０℃，再以０．１℃／ｍｉｎ降至－３３℃，投入液氮；Ｂ法：１．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ丙二醇＋０．ｌｍｏ１／Ｌ蔗糖平衡，５℃冰箱中保存１５ｍｉｎ，从Ｏ℃开始按Ａ法中的程序降温；Ｃ法：即玻璃化法）冷冻保存的牛ＧＶ期卵母细胞的发育潜力进行了研究。解冻后，Ｃ组卵母细胞形态正常率显著高于Ａ、Ｂ两组。３种方法冷冻的卵母细胞成熟培养后，平均卵丘扩展率为６０％，其中Ｃ组最高（６９．９％）。卵丘扩展的卵母细胞中，７９．３％发生ＧＶＢＤ，但大多数没有达到ＭＩ期。３组冷冻卵母细胞的体外成熟率、体外受精率分别为１４．２％、８．３％、２０．０％和１０．０％、７．１％、１２．１％，其中Ａ组中有１枚卵裂。     

附植前小鼠胚胎上H-Y抗原表达的研究

用８～１２周龄ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ公鼠采取皮肤移植和脾细胞腹腔注射２种方式免疫同日龄纯系ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ母鼠,制备Ｈ－Ｙ抗血清。经精子微量细胞毒性试验,筛选的抗血清用于胚胎体外培养,以鉴定附植前小鼠胚胎上Ｈ－Ｙ抗原的表达。选用８ｃｅｌｌ－早期囊胚进行体外培养,分别于５～６、１８和２４ｈ观察胚胎发育情况。５～６ｈ后,Ｈ－Ｙ抗血清培养的胚胎退化率高达４０％,且发育迟缓,与自然性比例差异不明显（Ｐ〉０．０５）。正常     

在不同溶液和容器中短期保存牛体外受精胚胎的效果

为提高室温保存牛体外受精胚胎的效果，特进行了３个试验。试验一分别用３种保存液（ＰＢ１，ＴＣＭ－１９９，Ｈａｍ′ｓＦ－１０）、两种容器（玻璃试管，ＡＡ２０１塑料细管）在２０℃保存胚胎２４ｈ。结果表明，保存液对保存效果无显著影响，在３种保存液中保存第７、８天囊胚的总孵化率分别为７４．７％，７１．８％，７５．５％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。用试管保存的胚胎总孵化率（８３．６％）明显优于用ＡＡ２０１塑料细管保存的（６０．８％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。试验二比较了用ＰＢ１在两种型号的细管（ＡＡ２０１，ＺＡ４７５）中保存胚胎的效果。胚胎在ＺＡ４７５细管中保存后的孵化率（８９．４％）显著高于在ＡＡ２０１细管中保存的（７６．３％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。试验三用ＰＢ１在ＺＡ４７５细管中保存第７天囊胚３～７ｈ或１８～２４ｈ，将１枚胚胎移入已授精的、处于发情周期第７天的受体母牛黄体对侧的子宫角内。两组受体牛的妊娠率（分别为６０．３％，６８．３％）和双胎率（分别为４５．７％，６９．８％）均较高，而且差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），说明胚胎可在ＺＡ４７５细管中成功地保存２４ｈ。     

初乳对新生仔猪血液蛋白的电泳形态影响的研究

２４头太湖猪新生仔猪（二花×大白）分为四组，在出生后隔离并分别人工哺喂葡萄糖盐水（ＧＳ组，ｎ＝４），牛初乳（ＢＣ组，ｎ＝５），牛乳（ＢＭ组，ｎ＝６）４８ｈ和自然哺乳（ＰＣ组，ｎ＝９）。前３组在４８ｈ后回圈哺乳。初乳对新生仔猪血液蛋白电泳形态的影响，新生仔猪血清蛋白质浓度初生时平均为３１．８±１．８６ｍｇ／ｍｌ，ＰＣ组在出生后迅速增加，２４ｈ达８１．７８±８．６ｍｇ／ｍｌ此后略有下降。４８ｈ为５６．６７±１１．３６ｍｇ／ｍｌ，第７天为８７．６７±３．８９ｍｇ／ｍｌ。ＢＣ和ＢＭ组与ＰＣ组有相似的变化；而ＧＳ组在４８ｈ内一直下降，４８ｈ为６．２５±２．２８ｍｇ／ｍｌ，自然哺乳后，第７天上升为４７．７５±２．６８ｍｇ／ｍｌ。但ＢＭ、ＧＳ组在２４ｈ、４８ｈ和第７天血清总蛋白浓度显著低于ＰＣ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。血清ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ电泳显示，清蛋白（ＳＡ）ＰＣ、ＢＣ、ＢＭ三组４８ｈ内持续增加，ＧＳ组２４ｈ后显著下降，并且ＧＳ组在高分子量区（１５０ｋｄ）出现非抗体蛋白和多肽的聚合，其他三组则未见到。实验中未观察到牛乳酪蛋白向仔猪血液中的转移。     

Percoll法处理牛精子对体外受精胚胎发育的影响

牛冷冻精液解冻后，在Ｐｅｒｃｏｌｌ梯度液中４００ｇ离心２４ｍｉｎ有效地获得了５７．８７％±８．０％的精子回收率；对照组上游法精子回收率仅为１５．８７％±１．９％（Ｐ〈０．０５）。Ｐｅｒｃｏｌｌ和上游２种方法分离的精子在受精液中８，１８ｈ后的活率，分别为６０％，１０％和７０％，２０％，２种浓度Ｐｅｒｃｏｌｌ法分离的精子对不同成熟处理的卵母细胞体外受精子（ＩＶＦ）卵裂率的影响，精子最终浓度为２×１０＾     

诱导牛精子体外获能的培养基及方法

用去透明带金黄地鼠异种精子体外穿透试验,检测冻精复苏经各种处理后的精子穿卵率。发现在４种基本培养基（ＢＯ、ｍＢＷＷ、ＴＹＨ、ＨａｍＦ１０＋ＲＰＭＩ－１６４０）中不加亚牛磺酸时,牛精子不能耐受较高浓度（４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）钙离子载体（ＩＡ）的刺激（以１０ｍｉｎ计）;而低浓度ＩＡ（低于４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）处理精子不能诱导获能。生物活性物质,如肝素、咖啡因、亚牛磺酸、肾上腺素单独或联合低浓度ＩＡ处理精子,短期（６ｈ）内也不能诱导获能。当基本培养基中含有亚牛磺酸时,牛精子能耐受高浓度ＩＡ（１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的刺激,并使牛精子获能;亚牛磺酸与肾上腺素、咖啡因联合使用,并在获能液中添加透明质酸酶时,穿卵率进一步提高,获能效果显著改善。以ＨａｍＦ１０＋ＲＰＭＩ１６４０为主的混合培养基,在牛精子的存活时间、穿卵率等方面优于ＢＯ、ｍＢＷＷ、ＴＹＨ培养基。结果表明,用Ｆ１０和１６４０的混合培养基,添加亚牛磺酸、肾上腺素、咖啡因、透明质酸酶,经１０μｍｏｌ／ＬＩＡ处理牛精子１０～１５ｍｉｎ,是快速诱导牛精子体外获能的有效方法     

青海细毛羊血红蛋白和红细胞蛋白质多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对４７９只青海细毛羊的血红蛋白和红细胞蛋白质的多态性进行研究。结果发现：①青海细毛羊的血红蛋白基因座上有ＨＢＡＡ，ＨＢＡＢ，ＨＢＡＣ和ＨＢＢＢ四种基因型。ＨＢ＾Ａ，ＨＢ＾Ｃ等位基因频率分别为０．２６４１，０．７３４９和０．００１０；②血红蛋白基因座的基因型频率和基因频率没有性别间差异；③青海细毛羊ＥＰ－１和ＥＰ－２是单态性蛋白质。     

青海细毛羊红细胞乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对１１０只青海细毛羊的红细胞乳酸脱氢酶（ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ）同工酶酶谱及其多态性进行了研究。结果发现：青海细毛羊ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ同工酶总共有１２条区带；第１条区带“１－Ａ”的电泳迁移率为５５．５％，第１２条区带“１１”的电泳迁移率为９５．０％；ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ有两种电泳表型，１０８只羊为Ｉ型，占９８．２％，２只羊为Ⅱ型，占１．８％；ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ１型尚可区分为两个亚型：Ｉ－ＢＢ型和     

有丝分裂原对离体boPBMC增殖和分泌Ig的作用

应用＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法，ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＦＡＣＳ研究了离体奶牛外周血单核细胞（ｂｐＰＢＭＣ）对有丝分裂原的免疫应答。ＰＷＭ和ＣｏｎＡ能不同程度地诱导ｂｏＰＢＭＣ增殖和分泌Ｉｇ；而ＳＥＢ只能使ｂｏＰＢＭＣ高度增殖而不分泌Ｉｇ（Ｐ〉０．０５）。ＰＷＭ诱导的ｂｏＰＢＭＣ经１２ｄ培养，其中ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋细胞的比率为２．９：１；而ＳＥＢ诱导的细胞为０．３：１。离体ｂｏＰＢＭＣ主要分泌ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ１，只有     

Blood lipid concentrations and lipoprotein patterns in captive and wild American black bears (Ursus americanus)

OBJECTIVE: To compare blood lipid concentrations and lipoprotein patterns for captive and wild American black bears (Ursus americanus). ANIMALS: 7 captive and 9 wild adult (> or = 4 years old) black bears. PROCEDURE: Blood was collected from 2 groups of captive black bears (groups A and B) and 1 group of wild black bears (group C). Blood triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol concentrations were compared among groups. Plasma lipoproteins were isolated by use of a self-generating gradient of iodixanol, and lipoprotein patterns were compared between groups A and B. RESULTS: Captive bears (mean +/- SD, 187.8 +/- 44.4 kg) weighed significantly more than wild bears (mean, 104.8 +/- 41.4 kg), but mean body weight did not differ between groups A and B. Mean blood TG concentrations for groups B (216.8 +/- 16.0 mg/dL) and C (190.7 +/- 34.0 mg/dL) were significantly higher than that of group A (103.9 +/- 25.3 mg/dL). Mean blood cholesterol concentration was also significantly higher for group B (227.8 +/- 8.2 mg/dL) than for groups A (171.7 +/- 35.5 mg/dL) or C (190.8 +/- 26.8 mg/dL). Mean very-low-density lipoprotein TG and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were 2- and 3-fold higher, respectively, for group B, compared with concentrations for group A. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Blood lipid concentrations vary significantly among populations of black bears. Plasma lipoprotein patterns of captive bears differed significantly between colonies and may have reflected differences in diet or management practices.     

Effects of three anthelmintic regimes on milk yield of ewes and growth of lambs

Forty ewes were allocated into one of four groups (n = 10) and were treated with albendazole (ALB) (3.8 mg kg(-1)) before lambing (group A), with ALB before and after lambing (group B), with moxidectin (MXD) (0.2 mg kg(-1)) before lambing (group C) or were untreated controls (group D). Counts of nematode eggs in faeces and coprocultures were carried out during the study, as well as ewes' milk yield measurements and lamb weighings. Pre-treatment mean eggs per gram (epg) counts were 640, 715, 625 and 630 for groups A, B, C and D, respectively (P > 0.05); respective counts 21 days after treatment were 5, 0, 0 and 690 epg, whilst 70 days after treatment they were 380, 145, 40 and 1120 epg. Mean lactation milk yield was 3527.5, 3893.5, 3786.4 and 3285.9 ml for groups A, B, C and D, respectively; no significant difference was evident among the four groups in milk yield collected during the suckling period, although subsequently, group B or C ewes yielded significantly more milk than controls (P < 0.05). Mean birthweight of lambs were 3.56, 3.45, 3.59 and 3.26 kg for groups A, B, C and D, respectively (P = 0.045); subsequently, lambs from treated ewes were significantly heavier than lambs from control animals (P < 0.001). We conclude that anti-parasitic treatment during the last month of pregnancy contributed to an increased birthweight of lambs of treated ewes, whilst the cumulative effect of two doses of ALB or the long persistent efficacy of MXD provided a longer protection of animals against new parasitic infections and contributed to a lactation persistence.     

Genetic effects on fatty acid composition of carcass fat of Japanese Black Wagyu steers

Two hundred ninety-three Japanese Black Wagyu steers derived from 34 sires were used to investigate genetic effects on the fatty acid composition of carcass fat. All steers were fed identical diets for 365 d and slaughtered at similar ages. If the percentage of genetic contribution of sire A, B, or C was not lower than 25%, steers were classified into groups A, B, and C, respectively. Fatty acid compositions differed depending on deposit sites. Mean percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) tended to be higher in the outer parts than in the inner parts of the body. Percentage of MUFA in carcass fat was negatively correlated with withers height and BW and positively correlated with meat quality score and marbling score. Fatty acid compositions of the 34 sire groups varied, and mean percentages of MUFA in i.m. fat ranged from 47.71 to 54.77%. Steers in the C group grew larger than those in the A or B group. Mean percentages of MUFA for i.m. fat in the A, B, and C groups (52.83, 51.88, and 50.33%, respectively) differed (P < 0.05) from each other. Steers in the C group had higher (P < 0.05) percentages of saturated fatty acids than those in the A or B groups. Percentages of genetic contribution of sires B (P < 0.05) and C (P < 0.001) were negatively correlated with percentage of MUFA in i.m. fat. These results suggested that genetic factors affected fatty acid composition of carcass fat in Japanese Black Wagyu cattle and that some sires had potent genetic factors affecting this composition.     

Estrus, ovulation, conception and embryo survival in confinement-managed gilts of three weight groups

Puberty, cycling, ovulation, conception and embryo survival were determined for gilts managed by a specific regimen in confinement. At weights of 70 to 80, 91 to 100 and 109 to 116 kg (groups A, B, C, respectively) gilts were (1) moved from rearing pens to pens in a separate broodstock building, (2) housed in groups of eight to 10 with unfamiliar penmates and (3) exposed to boar presence in an adjoining pen. Groups A and B were mated at third estrus; group C was mated at first estrus. For the three groups 76, 79 and 79%, respectively, of allotted gilts mated; of these 21, 13 and 11%, respectively, showed estrus again and were remated. Ten, 10 and 11%, respectively, were not pregnant when slaughtered at 25 to 28 d of postmating. Average days on experiment to first estrus were 14, 15 and 16 for groups A, B and C; mean interval between estrous periods was 21 d. Ovulations (13.3, 12.9 and 12.6) and live embryos (11.6, 11.1 and 10.7, respectively) did not differ significantly among groups. None of the reproduction traits were significantly associated with differences in mean age or weight among the three groups at breeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The effect of body temperature on the growth rate of broilers

The effect of body temperature (Tb) on the growth rate of male broilers was studied. Two pens (5 m2 each), one (A) near air inlets and one (B) near air outlets, were erected in a 12.5 m wide cross-ventilated, environmentally-controlled poultry house. Of 100 birds of both sexes in each pen, 18 males were marked and weighed weekly, and in three of these in each pen body temperature was measured by telemetry over 24 h at 50, 54, 55, 58, and 62 d of age. At 62 d group B birds weighed 250 g less than A; implanted birds weighed less than their group means, but relative growth rates were similar. Mean lowest (08.00 to 09.00 h) and highest Tb (11.00 to 17.00 h) in group A were 41.35 degrees C and 42.13 degrees C, and in group B 41.48 degrees C and 42.86 degrees C, respectively. The regression of G (percentage gain in body weight/d) on noon maximum Tb (Tbn) was G = 46.25 - 1.024 Tbn. This study suggests that an air temperature above 32 degrees C depresses body-weight gain of broilers by about 10% between 5 and 9 weeks of age. Therefore, house temperature should not be allowed to increase above 28 degrees C, except if relative humidity also increases to 0.70 or more.     

双乙酸钠在肉鸭日粮中的添饲效果试验

试验以樱桃谷肉鸭为研究对象,进行了不同双乙酸钠添加水平的饲养对比试验,试验分三组,A为基础日粮,B、C分别添加0.2%、0.4%的双乙酸钠。结果表明:日粮中添加双乙酸钠对肉鸭日增重、瘦肉率有显著影响(P<0.05);对肉鸭的饲料转化率有极显著影响(P<0.01);对肉鸭的成活率和屠宰率、皮脂率无显著影响(P>0.05),B组日增重比A组提高了8.65%(P<0.05),比C组提高了5.45%(P>0.05);B组料肉比较A组降低了11.52%(P<0.01),较C组降低了3.29%(P<0.05);B组的成活率与A组、C组间差异不显著(P>0.05);B组每只肉鸭分别比A、C组多盈利1.04元、1.06元。     

限时放牧对滩羊消化道发育的影响

本试验旨在研究限时放牧对滩羊消化道发育的影响,选取断奶后1.5个月、初始体重相近的滩羊公羔50只,随机分为5组,即A组:放牧12 h,B组:放牧8 h+精料,C组:放牧4 h+精料,D组:放牧2 h+精料,E组:柠条+精料。饲喂120 d后屠宰,取消化道样品进行测定。结果表明,随放牧时间延长,滩羊复胃和空肠重量(%空腹体重)增加,其中A组显著高于E组(P<0.05)。此外,限时放牧还可增加瘤胃乳头高度和降低瘤胃乳头宽度,C、D组瘤胃乳头高度均显著高于E组(P<0.05),而B、C组瘤胃乳头宽度均显著低于E组(P<0.05)。随放牧时间的延长可增加空肠肠绒毛高度,且A、B组均显著高于E组(P<0.05),但较C、D组均无显著差异(P>0.05)。提示,在适宜放牧和补饲条件下,C、D组消化道有较好的发育。     

倍肽德酵母培养物对母猪泌乳性能的影响试验研究

为探索母猪哺乳日粮中添加倍肽德酵母培养物替代部分常规饲料原料对母猪泌乳性能的影响,选用品种相同、体重和胎次相近,健康的产前7d妊娠母猪24头,分成3组,A组为未添加倍肽德酵母培养物的对照组;B组为用倍肽德酵母培养物替代A组配方中5%麸皮的试验组;C组为用倍肽德酵母培养物替代A组配方中2%豆粕和3%的玉米的试验组。结果显示,B组仔猪10日龄、18日龄的均重显著高于其他2组。0~18日龄仔猪平均日增重,B组达230.55g,A组185.56g,而C组为178.89g,B组仔猪平均日增重显著高于A组、C组,比A组、C组仔猪平均日增重分别高24.25%、28.87%;A组、B组、C组仔猪存活率无显著差异,但B组相对其他2组仔猪存活率最高;各组母猪泌乳量的统计结果显示,B组母猪泌乳量显著高于其他2组。母猪哺乳期日粮中合理使用倍肽德酵母培养物,对仔猪生长性能及母猪的泌乳量有一定程度的提升,可提高母猪的泌乳性能。     

γ-干扰素对金黄色葡萄球菌性临床型乳房炎的疗效研究

本试验选取32只3~4 kg健康泌乳家兔,通过人工造模的方法诱发其乳腺发炎,建立金黄色葡萄球菌性临床型乳腺炎模型。然后随机分为A(γ-干扰素)、B(乳酸环丙沙星)、C(γ-干扰素和乳酸环丙沙星)、D (生理盐水)4个治疗组,每组8只,于造模后6、18 h各投药一次。各组分别在造模前1 h和造模后4、12、24、36、48、72 h采集血液0.5 mL、血清1 mL,进行白细胞总数、血清钙离子含量和炎性细胞因子测定(ELISA),研究其治疗效果。结果显示:①外周血白细胞总数组间对比,A、B组在造模后12~48 h内极显著高于C组(P<0.01),72 h时显著高于C组(P<0.05),但两组间无显著差异(P>0.05);D组在造模后12~72 h内均极显著高于其他3组(P<0.01)。②血清钙离子含量组间对比,A、B组在造模后12~48 h内极显著低于C组(P<0.01),72 h时显著低于C组(P<0.05),但两组间差异不显著(P>0.05);D组在造模后12~72 h内均极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01)。③血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量组间对比,A、B组在与C组造模后12~24 h内差异显著(P<0.05),36~48 h内差异极显著(P<0.01),72 h后差异显著(P<0.05),A、B两组间无显著差异(P>0.05);D组在造模后12~72 h内均极显著高于其他3组(P<0.01)。结果表明,γ-干扰素配合乳酸环丙沙星治疗金黄色葡萄球菌性临床型乳房炎具有一定的协同作用。     

不同蛋白质水平对獭兔繁殖性能的影响

选择年龄、体重基本一致,生长发育正常的健康獭兔种母兔24只,随机分成对照组以及A、B、c3个试验组,每组6只,对照组饲喂养殖场现有日粮（蛋白水平为15％）,试验组分别饲喂蛋白质水平为16％、18％、20％的日粮,研究不同蛋白质水平对獭兔繁殖性能的影响。结果表明。不同营养水平对窝产仔数、初生窝重没有明显影响,各组差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但对泌乳力、断奶窝重、断奶个体重等有明显影响。B组的泌乳力、断奶窝重与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0．05）,分别比对照组提高47．6％和1573．42g;断奶个体重,A组和B组均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,比对照组分别高30．9％和47．4％,B组显著高于A组（P〈0．05）,比A组高12．6％,C组与对照组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;各组断奶成活数、成活率差异不显著（P〉0．05）。