利用Excel规划求解功能优化反刍家畜饲料配方

本文详细介绍了Microsoft Office软件Excel分析工具在饲料配方中的应用,即“线性规划”特点,同时以育肥羊饲料配方为例对进行饲料配方过程给予详尽说明。从中可以看出,利用该方法优化畜禽饲料配方,具有方法简便、速度快和修改调整数值容易等优点,既可节省购买配方软件的资金,同时也可以省略以往使用手工计算的繁琐过程。     

利用Excel规划求解功能优化反刍家畜饲料配方

详细介绍了Microsoft Office软件Excel分析工具在饲料配方中的应用．同时以育肥羊饲料配方为例对进行饲料配方过程给予详尽说明。从中可以看出，利用该方法优化畜禽饲料配方，具有方法简便、速度快和修改调整数值容易等优点。     

利用Excel表格自配猪饲料配方

饲料是养猪生产的重要生产要素,养猪成本的70％左右为饲料成本。根据当地的饲料原料资源及猪的不同生长阶段、不同生产用途的饲养标准自配饲料,可以降低饲料成本,增加养殖效益。制订猪日粮配方的方法很多,如对角线法、试差法、代数法,这些方法需要通过人工的办法一步一步进行,计算过程费时费力,而专业的饲料配方软件价格高,一般也是非常...     

充分发挥Microsoft Excel系统功能解决饲料配方的优化问题

利用Microsoft Excel提供的线性规划求解程序,可以解决饲料配方求解最低成本的问题。利用其强大功能,还可进一步考察饲料配方的实用性。这样还可以节省饲料厂和大型养殖户购买饲料配方软件的成本。下面,我们一起来认识如何应用这一程序。     

活用Excel快速制作饲料配方

随着微机的发展和普及，国内外相继推出了不少饲料配方软件。这些软件各具特色，对饲料配方技术的普及起到了不可估量的作用。但现行的配方软件虽然包含一套饲料营养成分和饲养标准数据．但是无论线性规划求解还是目标规划求解，均有一定的局限性．实质上它只是配方设计的工具。需与配方员的营养知识、配方经验有机结合才能发挥其简单、快速、准确之功能。若没此类软件，运用Excel来计算饲料配方不失为一种好方法。     

活用Excel快速制作饲料配方

随着微机的发展和普及,国内外相继推出了不少饲料配方软件。这些软件各具特色,对饲料配方技术的普及起到了不可估量的作用。但现行的配方软件,虽然包含一套饲料营养成分和饲养标准数据,无论线性规划求解还是目标规划求解,均有一定的局限性,实质上它只是配方设计的工具。需与配方员的营养知识、配方经验有机结合才能发挥其简单、快速、准确之功能。若没此类软件,运用Excel来计算饲料配方不失为一种好方法。1功能特点1.1只要键入一个配方,立即会反应出原料配比、营养成分、配方成本。原料配比可任意调整,直到满意。1.2当键入的是配合饲料配方…     

用Excel的规划求解功能设计饲料配方

目前，大型专业饲料公司已使用计算机和专用的配方软件，运用线性规划等方法设计饲料配方。然而，专用的饲料配方软件价格不菲，因此，在小型饲料厂和一般养殖场的应用并不普及。其实，只要拥有电脑并安装了Excel，就可以通过计算机运用线性规划法求解饲料配方，下面试举例以说明。设某饲料公司生产了生长猪用４％的复合预混料，需拟订一个全价饲料优化参考配方供用户使用。瘦肉型生长猪的粗蛋白质需要量为１６．００％，可消化能需要量为１２．９７MJ／kg。现选用GB２级玉米、GB２级大豆粕、GB１级小麦麸、含粗蛋白质６２．％的进口鱼…     

饲料配方软件技术最新进展（一）：配方师走进饲料业

饲料配方软件技术最新进展（一）配方师走进饲料业北京资源饲料有限公司刘钧贻计算机技术在饲料生产中最大的应用要数饲料配方软件，而配方软件中最核心的部分，应属最优配方设计。配方软件在国外最初应用是在乳牛最低成本的饲料配方中，这项工作大致开始于本世纪５０年代...     

运用EXCEL做饲料配方验算表

正常见的饲料配方计算方法有三种,一是用手工计算,二是用专用的饲料配方软件,三是利用EXCEL的规划求解功能进行计算。但这三种方法均有不足之处:手工计算常用于多种原料的配方计算,比较复杂,难于算出合适的配方;饲料配方软件一般价格较贵,且多存在调整配方不方便的问题;利用EXCEL的规划求解功能进行计算,则要求对EXCEL比较熟悉。通过全面权衡这三种方法的优缺点,笔者以育肥猪的饲料配方为例,详细     

利用EXCEL进行猪饲料配方

本文主要介绍了如何利用 Microsoft Office 软件中的 Excel 进行"规划求解"配方设计,分析了养分项目及资源的影子价格对饲料成本的影响,并以猪饲料配方为例进行详尽的演示。从中可以看出,利用 Excel 进行线性规划设计饲料配方,具有灵活、简便、快捷、直观等特点,既可节省购买配方软件的资金,又能直观地完成最低成本配方的任务。     

Bioactivation of zearalenone by porcine hepatic biotransformation

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a resorcylic acid lactone derivative produced by various Fusarium species that are widely found in food and feeds. The structure of zearalenone is flexible enough to allow a conformation able to bind to mammalian oestrogen receptors, where it acts as an agonist. Using oestrogen-dependent Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7) cells, the oestrogenic activity of zearalenone and its derivatives were compared using 17 beta-oestradiol as a positive control. The results obtained demonstrate that the oestrogenic potency of ZEA derivatives could be ranked in the following order: alpha-zearalenol > alpha-zearalanol > zearalenone > beta-zearalenol. Since pigs have been reported to be among the most sensitive animal species, biotransformation studies with pig liver subcellular fractions were conducted. These studies indicated that alpha-zearalenol is the main hepatic metabolite of zearalenone in pigs, and it is assumed that 3 alpha- and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogeneases are involved in the hepatic biotransformation, since the formation of alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol could be inhibited by prototypic substrates for either enzyme. The bioactivation of ZEA into the more active alpha-zearalenol seems to provide a possible explanation for the observed high sensitivity of pigs towards feeding-stuffs contaminated with the mycotoxin.     

奶牛日粮配方养分诊断系统的应用

大部分奶牛日粮配方软件只考虑几个重要的养分指标参与优化计算,很难系统考虑所有养分指标。作者开发的奶牛配方诊断软件可以根据日粮的饲料组成,通过100多个养分指标全面估测日粮实际达成奶牛营养需要及养分间的平衡性,并对生产性能作初步预测。作者以奶牛代谢蛋白质平衡为例,利用日粮诊断软件对奶牛日粮中蛋白质平衡的实例进行计算和分析。     

利用Excel 2003线性规划程序优化设计肉羊饲料配方

我国肉羊生产正在向标准化生产方向过渡,饲养标准化是其中基本内容之一,而饲料配方则是饲养标准化的重要技术.基于肉羊营养特点及饲料配合技术要求,借鉴工厂化养猪和养鸡的经验,文章详细介绍了利用Excel 2003线性规划求解功能来优化设计肉羊饲料配方的方法,并以实例加以说明,适用于中、小肉羊场.     

Use of a long acting injectable formulation of moxidectin to control the periparturient rise in faecal Teladorsagia circumcincta egg output of ewes

A field study was conducted in a sheep flock in the south east of Scotland with a history of ivermectin resistance in Teladorsagia circumcincta. The objective of the study was to compare the effects of single anthelmintic treatments in ewes before turn-out onto pasture that was contaminated with a moderate level of overwintered, ivermectin resistant, T. circumcincta infective larvae. The ewes were treated according to label directions with either a long acting injectable formulation of moxidectin (1mg/kg; affording up to 14weeks persistent action against macrocyclic lactone (ML)-susceptible T. circumcincta) or an oral formulation of moxidectin (0.2mg/kg; affording up to 5weeks persistent action against ML-susceptible T. circumcincta). The lambs were enrolled in the normal management of the farm, and received a total of three oral ivermectin treatments during the 16week study. The efficacy of both treatment strategies in controlling the periparturient rise in faecal nematode worm egg counts and subsequent pasture contamination was assessed from the faecal worm egg counts of the ewes and their lambs between lambing and weaning. Ewes that were treated with the oral formulation of moxidectin shed approximately 3.5 times more T. circumcincta eggs between lambing and weaning than ewes that were treated with the long acting formulation of moxidectin. This difference was reflected in the faecal worm egg counts of the lambs that were grazed alongside the different treatment groups of ewes. The results of the current study demonstrate persistent efficacy of the long acting formulation of moxidectin against an ivermectin resistant T. circumcincta population. The decreased pasture contamination after treatment could lead to improved lamb growth and a need for fewer anthelmintic treatments, thus potentially reducing one possible selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance. However, treatment with the long acting formulation of moxidectin would give rise to fewer susceptible nematodes being present in refugia, which could increase another possible selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance, depending on the subsequent grazing management of that pasture. The rationale for use of a persistent anthelmintic drug to control the periparturient rise in faecal ML-resistant T. circumcincta egg output of the ewes is discussed and potential differences in selection for macrocyclic lactone anthelmintic resistance using the different formulations of moxidectin are acknowledged.     

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence testing of five commercial formulations of omeprazole in the horse

Omeprazole is widely used in the treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome. To date, little is known about the relative pharmacokinetics of the different formulations making comparisons between products difficult. The objectives of the study were to investigate the relative pharmacokinetics of five commercially available formulations of omeprazole in the horse and to test for bioequivalence of four of the formulations using one of the formulations as a reference standard. Twelve mature Thoroughbred horses were fasted for 16 h then administered 2 g of each formulation in a cross‐over design. Serial blood samples were collected and plasma omeprazole concentration was determined by ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS). No significant differences were present between three of the formulations and the reference formulation, while the fourth formulation had a lower C_max and longer T_max than the reference formulation. Bioequivalence against the reference formulation could not be demonstrated for any of the formulations tested. The findings of the study suggested that the method of protection utilised by different formulations of omeprazole (enteric‐coated granules vs. buffering) does not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of the drug. Further work to establish bioequivalence is needed before direct comparisons can be drawn between different formulations.     

蓝莓酸奶的研制

以蓝莓、酸奶为主要原料,添加一定量菊粉制备风味酸奶。通过正交试验,参考各因素的影响,以感官评价为指标,确定蓝莓酸奶的最佳配方和工艺条件：原味酸奶添加量90g、蓝莓汁添加量5g、菊粉添加量0.15%、发酵时间5h、发酵温度45℃、黄原胶添加量0.15%。产品结合了蓝莓和酸奶的双重特点,具有丰富的营养功能,风味独特,色泽淡蓝,是一种新型的优良保健饮品。     

铵盐类合成饵剂对橘小实蝇雌虫诱捕效果研究

本研究选择醋酸铵（AA）、腐胺（PT）、三甲胺（TMA）3种成分,旨在研制对橘小实蝇诱捕效果好、且雌性偏好的合成饵剂。首先采用3因素4水平正交试验设计筛选优化配方,;再以假丝酵母丸饵剂和0.02%猎蝇饵剂为参照进行田间诱捕效果测定。通过极差分析和方差分析,确定优化配方为AA 7.5g/500mL。田间诱效评价显示,该配方对橘小实蝇两性成虫诱捕效果、雌虫诱捕率均稍好于假丝酵母饵剂,各项指标均显著优于0.02%猎蝇饵剂。结果表明,该合成饵剂对橘小实蝇与水解蛋白相比更加经济有效,并可捕获更多雌虫,推荐在橘小实蝇种群监测和防控工作中推广使用。     

Determination of feeding value on simple food characteristics. 2. Determination of food energy value of green feeds]

Regression analyses had been made to find interrelationships between the crude fibre content and the EFr content of green feeds. Regression equations were obtained from these analyses which were used to calculate the EFr values, with a sufficient degree of accuracy, from data on the crude fibre content. In these equations the b values were found to be by far more clearly differentiated than in the equations used for calculating digestibility values. These are apparently influenced by the composition of the feeds. The range of variations appears to be only slightly affected when we compare the data with those obtained in calculations made to established the total digestibility values. This is a fact that applies to both the green feeds and their conservation products. Studies investigating the relationships between the content of digestible organic matter (VOS) and EFr (as expressed by the conversion factor (see article) showed that the EFr data could be established, with a fair degree of accuracy, from the VOS values. The f values of the different feeds that were classified into particular groups of feeding-stuffs, were shown to agree fairly well; moreover, they were found to be largely independent of exogenic factors (such as vegetation and N fertilizing). Characteristic differences between the f values of the different conservation products and those of the green feeds were observed although these differences remained within narrow limits (1-3%), so that calculations can be made using only a few factors. When starch equivalents were taken into account it was found that the f values used in calculations for starch equivalents were clearly influenced by feed composition, which, in turn, was influenced by the particular effect of crude values in SE calculations. It is at this point that differences between the two systems of Food Evaluation become particularly apparent. The close relations existing between VOS and EFr values apply, first and foremost, to green feeds and their conservation products. Much wider differences in the f values of different feeds may be observed in the case of foodstuffs having a much more extreme composition. The f values of feedingstuffs with high protein content (e.g. blood meal) may be decreased down to a value of 0.7 while those of foodstuffs rich in fat (e.g. oil cakes or foodstuffs of animal origin containing a high percentage of fat) may be increased up to and over 1.4. In these cases, special circumstances have to be taken into consideration.     

Serum concentrations and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after intravenous and intragastric administration to mares.

Serum concentrations and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin were studied in 6 mares after intravenous (IV) and intragastric (IG) administration at a single dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. In experiment 1, an injectable formulation of enrofloxacin (100 mg/mL) was given IV. At 5 min after injection, mean serum concentration was 9.04 microg/mL and decreased to 0.09 microg/mL by 24 h. Elimination half-life was 5.33 +/- 1.05 h and the area under the serum concentration vs time curve (AUC) was 21.03 +/- 5.19 mg x h/L. In experiment 2, the same injectable formulation was given IG. The mean peak serum concentration was 0.94 +/- 0.97 microg/mL at 4 h after administration and declined to 0.29 +/- 0.12 microg/mL by 24 h. Absorption of this enrofloxacin preparation after IG administration was highly variable, and for this reason, pharmacokinetic values for each mare could not be determined. In experiment 3, a poultry formulation (32.3 mg/mL) was given IG. The mean peak serum concentration was 1.85 +/- 1.47 microg/mL at 45 min after administration and declined to 0.19 +/- 0.06 microg/mL by 24 h. Elimination half-life was 10.62 +/- 5.33 h and AUC was 16.30 +/- 4.69 mg x h/L. Bioavailability was calculated at 78.29 +/- 16.55%. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin were determined for equine bacterial culture specimens submitted to the microbiology laboratory over an 11-month period. The minimum inhibitory concentration of enrofloxacin required to inhibit 90% of isolates (MIC90) was 0.25 microg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., and Pasteurella spp. The poultry formulation was well tolerated and could be potentially useful in the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in adult horses. The injectable enrofloxacin solution should not be used orally.     

阿魏漂浮缓释剂的制备及其对血吸虫尾蚴活性影响

根据血吸虫尾蚴聚集于水面的生态特点,以新疆阿魏为原药,以锯末为载体,研制出新型阿魏漂浮缓释剂,该缓释剂可在水面漂浮30d,且对血吸虫尾蚴杀灭作用极显著（P〈0.01）,为控制血吸虫病的蔓延提供了有效途径。