Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum

The apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum is an intestinal parasite that affects healthy humans and animals, and causes an unrelenting infection in immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS patients. We report the complete genome sequence of C. parvum, type II isolate. Genome analysis identifies extremely streamlined metabolic pathways and a reliance on the host for nutrients. In contrast to Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, the parasite lacks an apicoplast and its genome, and possesses a degenerate mitochondrion that has lost its genome. Several novel classes of cell-surface and secreted proteins with a potential role in host interactions and pathogenesis were also detected. Elucidation of the core metabolism, including enzymes with high similarities to bacterial and plant counterparts, opens new avenues for drug development.     

绍兴鸭线粒体基因组全序列测定与分析

参照近源物种线粒体基因组序列设计15对引物,通过PCR扩增、测序、拼接,获得绍兴鸭(Anas platyrhychos)线粒体基因组全序列并进行序列分析。绍兴鸭线粒体基因组全长16 604 bp,碱基组成为29.20%A,22.19%T,15.78%G,32.83%C,包含13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个非编码控制区(D-loop),基因组成及排列顺序与其他鸟类相似,表明鸟类线粒体DNA进化上有较高的保守性。     

1个台湾番茄曲叶病毒温州分离物的全基因组序列

从浙江温州田间表现曲叶症状的番茄叶中提取获得病毒分离物wzh,对wzh全基因组序列进行测定。结果表明:wzh全长2 740个核苷酸,具有菜豆金色花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)病毒基因组典型特征,共编码6个开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),病毒链编码AV2及AV1 2个ORFs,互补链编码AC1、AC2、AC3及AC4 4个ORFs。BLAST搜索结果显示,wzh与Begomovirus中来自亚洲的病毒同源性较高,而与美洲、非洲等地的相对较低,与台湾番茄曲叶病毒(Tomatoleaf curl Tai wan virus,ToLCTWV)DNA-A全序列同源性最高,为99%。全序列系统进化关系树显示,wzh与TolCTWV的亲缘关系最近,并形成一个独立的分支,而与其他19种双生病毒的亲缘关系均相对较远。因此,wzh是台湾番茄曲叶病毒的一个分离物。     

Complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus genome

The complete nucleotide sequence of a mammalian transforming retrovirus. Moloney murine sarcoma virus, has been determined. MSV, recombinant virus derived of helper viral and cellular sequences, possesses termini resembling prokaryotic transposable elements. The viral genome has the coding capacity for the Moloney murine leukemia virus gag gene product and contains large deletions in pol and env genes. A large open reading frame encompassing its cell-derived sequences codes for its putative transforming protein. The nature of some of the important domains in the viral genome has been established, and their structure is discussed in relation to their function.     

Complete genome sequence of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain MC58

The 2,272,351-base pair genome of Neisseria meningitidis strain MC58 (serogroup B), a causative agent of meningitis and septicemia, contains 2158 predicted coding regions, 1158 (53.7%) of which were assigned a biological role. Three major islands of horizontal DNA transfer were identified; two of these contain genes encoding proteins involved in pathogenicity, and the third island contains coding sequences only for hypothetical proteins. Insights into the commensal and virulence behavior of N. meningitidis can be gleaned from the genome, in which sequences for structural proteins of the pilus are clustered and several coding regions unique to serogroup B capsular polysaccharide synthesis can be identified. Finally, N. meningitidis contains more genes that undergo phase variation than any pathogen studied to date, a mechanism that controls their expression and contributes to the evasion of the host immune system.     

Complete genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis Bt185, a potential soil insect biocontrol agent

Bacillus thuringiensis Bt185 and its insecticidal spectrum-expanded engineering strains are considered as potential biocontrol agents to soil insect Holotrichia parallela,Holotrichia oblita or Anomala corpulenta.Here we reported the complete genome of strain Bt185,it harbors eight plasmids,and plasmid p BT1850294 carries three cry8 genes.     

猪瘟病毒SXYL2006株全基因组序列特征分析

为了对分离到的猪瘟流行毒株SXYL2006进行全基因组序列克隆分析,揭示其遗传变异特征,为猪瘟分子流行病学研究提供素材,为猪瘟防控提供理论参考,根据Gen Bank上发表的古典猪瘟Shimen毒株及HCLV株全基因序列,参考有关文献合成了12对引物,应用RT-PCR技术,从陕西省猪瘟流行毒株SXYL2006中成功扩增出了11段c DNA,测序后拼接得到全长12 295 bp全基因序列,提交Gen Bank获得登录号GQ122383。将SXYL2006与参考毒株进行比较,结果表明SXYL2006与毒株39、ALD、Alfort187、Brescia、CAP、Glentorf、GPE、GXWZ02、HCLV、LPC、Paderborn、Riems和Shimen核苷酸序列同源性分别为88.2%、85.5%、85.4%、85.0%、85.1%、85.0%、85.2%、95.6%、84.4%、83.8%、94.8%、84.7%和85.1%,氨基酸序列同源性分别为94.2%、92.9%、92.9%、92.9%、92.1%、92.0%、92.5%、97.4%、91.6%、90.6%、97.5%、92.0%和92.5%。系统发生树分析结果表明SXYL2006与GXWZ02在进化上距离最近,亲缘关系最为密切,两者与德国流行毒株Paderborn同处于基因Ⅱ群。与HCLV株相比,SXYL2006株E0蛋白中,具有Rnase活性的2个主要氨基酸序列没有发生任何变异;在E2蛋白中,与免疫逃逸相关的5个位点有3个发生变异;已发现的26个T细胞表位中,有14个表位27个氨基酸位点变异。SXYL2006在遗传特性和抗原性上与经典强毒株Shimen、疫苗毒株HCLV差异较大。     

钱塘江三角鲂线粒体基因组测序及其结构特征分析

为了研究钱塘江流域三角鲂(Megalobrama terminalis Richardson)线粒体基因组结构特征及鲌亚科鱼类的系统进化关系,通过PCR扩增、测序、软件拼接获得了钱塘江三角鲂线粒体基因组全序列,GenBank登录号为MN725725。结果表明,钱塘江三角鲂线粒体基因组序列全长为16 621 bp,碱基组成分别为A(31.23%)、G(16.17%)、C(27.87%)和T(24.73%);共有13个蛋白编码基因,22个tRNA基因,2个rRNA基因,NAD6、tRNA-Gln、tRNA-Ala、tRNA-Asn、tRNA-Cys、tRNA-Tyr、tRNA-Ser⁽(UCN))、tRNA-Glu和tRNA-Pro等基因编码在L链上,其余基因均在H链上编码。钱塘江三角鲂线粒体基因组全序列与蛋白编码基因的A+T含量分别为55.97%和55.86%,具有明显的AT偏好性。线粒体基因中存在2个散在重复序列,分别位于线粒体控制区中终止结合序列区的前端和控制区3′的末端。在22个tRNA基因中,除了tRNA-Ser⁽(AGY))外,均具有...     

Complete genome sequence analysis of two Citrus tatter leaf virus(CTLV) isolates from China

In order to understand molecular characterization of Citrus tatter leaf virus(CTLV) isolated from China,full-length cDNAs of CTLV-MTH and CTLV-XHC from Citrus reticulata and Citrus sinensis were cloned and sequenced based on whole-genome amplification by RT-PCR.The complete nucleotide sequences of CTLV-MTH and CTLV-XHC were determined to be 6497 nucleotides in length and shared 79.9-91.0%and 78.8-98.0%nucleotide sequence identity,respectively,with other Apple stem grooving virus(ASGV) or CTLV strains available in GenBank.Unexpectedly,CTLV-MTH showed the highest nucleotide sequence identity(91%) with an apple isolate of ASGV,followed by 86.5%with ASGV-HH and 85.7%with ASGV-CHN.Furthermore,CTLV-MTH and three ASGV strains were grouped to a separate cluster in the phylogenetic tree,suggesting it has a closer relationship to ASGV than to CTLV.Therefore,it can be concluded roughly that CTLV may be not a distinct strains of ASGV.We proposed that Citrus tatter leaf virus should be renamed Apple stem grooving virus.     

Complete genome sequence analysis of H9N2 subtype influenza virus from swine in Guangxi

[目的]了解广西猪源H9N2亚型流感病毒的来源及变异情况,为有效防控广西猪源H9N2亚型流感病毒奠定基础.[方法]运用RT-PCR对广西分离株A/SW/GX/S11/05( H9N2)进行全基因组扩增,并克隆测序及对比分析.[结果]扩增获得的HA、NA、NP、M、NS、PB1、PB2和PA基因片段长度分别为1683、1401、1497、1027、890、2233、2280和2151 bp,其推导氨基酸分别为561、467、499、349、338、744、760和717 aa.经过序列分析,发现各基因片段的核苷酸及其推导氨基酸与A/Bird/GX/62/05株的同源性最高,分别为96.2％～ 100.0％和98.5％～99.6％;系统进化分析也表明A/SW/GX/S11/05株与A/Bird/GX/62/05株的亲缘关系最近.[结论]广西猪源H9N2亚型流感病毒属于欧亚谱系的北京亚系,且在一定时间内不同宿主间均有感染,在今后的流感病毒防治工作中,跨种属传播是一个不可忽视的问题.     

广西猪源H9N2亚型流感病毒全基因组序列分析

[目的]了解广西猪源H9N2亚型流感病毒的来源及变异情况,为有效防控广西猪源H9N2亚型流感病毒奠定基础.[方法]运用RT-PCR对广西分离株A/SW/GX/S11/05( H9N2)进行全基因组扩增,并克隆测序及对比分析.[结果]扩增获得的HA、NA、NP、M、NS、PB1、PB2和PA基因片段长度分别为1683、1401、1497、1027、890、2233、2280和2151 bp,其推导氨基酸分别为561、467、499、349、338、744、760和717 aa.经过序列分析,发现各基因片段的核苷酸及其推导氨基酸与A/Bird/GX/62/05株的同源性最高,分别为96.2%~ 100.0%和98.5%~99.6%;系统进化分析也表明A/SW/GX/S11/05株与A/Bird/GX/62/05株的亲缘关系最近.[结论]广西猪源H9N2亚型流感病毒属于欧亚谱系的北京亚系,且在一定时间内不同宿主间均有感染,在今后的流感病毒防治工作中,跨种属传播是一个不可忽视的问题.     

Complete chemical synthesis, assembly, and cloning of a Mycoplasma genitalium genome

We have synthesized a 582,970-base pair Mycoplasma genitalium genome. This synthetic genome, named M. genitalium JCVI-1.0, contains all the genes of wild-type M. genitalium G37 except MG408, which was disrupted by an antibiotic marker to block pathogenicity and to allow for selection. To identify the genome as synthetic, we inserted "watermarks" at intergenic sites known to tolerate transposon insertions. Overlapping "cassettes" of 5 to 7 kilobases (kb), assembled from chemically synthesized oligonucleotides, were joined by in vitro recombination to produce intermediate assemblies of approximately 24 kb, 72 kb ("1/8 genome"), and 144 kb ("1/4 genome"), which were all cloned as bacterial artificial chromosomes in Escherichia coli. Most of these intermediate clones were sequenced, and clones of all four 1/4 genomes with the correct sequence were identified. The complete synthetic genome was assembled by transformation-associated recombination cloning in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, then isolated and sequenced. A clone with the correct sequence was identified. The methods described here will be generally useful for constructing large DNA molecules from chemically synthesized pieces and also from combinations of natural and synthetic DNA segments.     

The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster

The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the approximately 120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes approximately 13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller Caenorhabditis elegans genome, but with comparable functional diversity.     

The 1.2-megabase genome sequence of Mimivirus

We recently reported the discovery and preliminary characterization of Mimivirus, the largest known virus, with a 400-nanometer particle size comparable to mycoplasma. Mimivirus is a double-stranded DNA virus growing in amoebae. We now present its 1,181,404-base pair genome sequence, consisting of 1262 putative open reading frames, 10% of which exhibit a similarity to proteins of known functions. In addition to exceptional genome size, Mimivirus exhibits many features that distinguish it from other nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses. The most unexpected is the presence of numerous genes encoding central protein-translation components, including four amino-acyl transfer RNA synthetases, peptide release factor 1, translation elongation factor EF-TU, and translation initiation factor 1. The genome also exhibits six tRNAs. Other notable features include the presence of both type I and type II topoisomerases, components of all DNA repair pathways, many polysaccharide synthesis enzymes, and one intein-containing gene. The size and complexity of the Mimivirus genome challenge the established frontier between viruses and parasitic cellular organisms. This new sequence data might help shed a new light on the origin of DNA viruses and their role in the early evolution of eukaryotes.     

苹果锈果类病毒内蒙古金红分离物的基因组序列分析

【目的】研究苹果锈果类病毒内蒙古金红分离物的基因组序列,为苹果锈果类病毒的有效防控提供参考。【方法】鉴定内蒙古自治区园艺研究院实验农场果实表现花脸的金红苹果叶片是否被苹果锈果类病毒(apple scar skin viroid,ASSVd)侵染。提取植物总RNA并以获得的总RNA为模板合成cDNA第一链,通过RT-PCR技术检测样品中的ASSVd,并经克隆测序获得ASSVd内蒙古金红分离物全基因组序列。采用MEGA 6.0、DNAMAN软件对不同寄主和不同地区来源的ASSVd分离物核苷酸序列进行分析,利用线上工具RNA Folding Form预测ASSVd内蒙古金红分离物的RNA二级结构。【结果】在疑似感病内蒙古金红苹果叶片样品中检测到ASSVd。ASSVd内蒙古金红分离物的序列长度为330 nt（GenBank登录号MZ476527）,与ASSVd新疆梨分离物（JX861258）的亲缘关系最近,核苷酸序列一致性也最高,为97.9%;其次与ASSVd内蒙古塞外红苹果分离物（MN598205）的亲缘关系较近,序列一致性为97.0%;与ASSVd内蒙古塞外红苹果分离物（MN598204）的核苷酸一致性最低,为87.5%。系统发育分析显示,ASSVd的遗传关系与寄主和地理来源相关性不大。多重对比分析结果表明,ASSVd的变异主要集中在左末端区、致病区和中央保守区。RNA Folding Form预测ASSVd内蒙古金红分离物RNA基因组具有杆状二级结构,自由能为-499.49 kJ/mol。【结论】内蒙古金红苹果样品被ASSVd侵染,获取了其基因组序列相关信息。     

盐芥STZ转录因子基因的克隆及序列分析

【目的】克隆盐芥STZ转录因子基因,对其进行序列分析,为进一步研究ThSTZ转录因子在逆境应答中的作用奠定基础。【方法】利用GenBank数据库中盐芥STZ转录因子的EST序列设计特异引物,通过3′RACE技术克隆ThSTZ基因的全长序列,应用生物信息学手段对该基因编码蛋白的结构与功能、亚细胞定位等进行预测,并对其编码氨基酸序列的同源性和系统进化进行分析。【结果】盐芥STZ转录因子基因全长717 bp,编码238个氨基酸。其编码蛋白含有2个C2H2型锌指结构域,位于细胞核内,属于C2H2家族转录因子;多重序列比对和系统进化分析表明,盐芥STZ转录因子与拟南芥属植物同源蛋白的相似性最高。【结论】获得了ThSTZ转录因子基因的全长序列,为进一步探讨ThSTZ转录因子在逆境应答中的功能奠定了基础。