红外热处理对油茶籽油活性成分及综合抗氧化水平的影响

为探究热处理后油茶籽油活性成分的变化规律与其氧化稳定性内在联系,该研究以油茶籽为原料,经热处理后对所得油茶籽油的7个指标进行测定分析（氧化诱导时间、脂肪酸组成、多酚、美拉德产物、β-谷甾醇、角鲨烯、生育酚）,并对整体抗氧化水平构建综合评价体系。结果表明：热处理后油茶籽油各指标均有显著性变化（P<0.05）：氧化诱导时间最大和最小值与未处理对照相比分别增加47.05%和降低36.02%;不饱和脂肪酸在脂肪酸组成中占比最高且易被氧化;总酚、5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)、丙酮醛(MGO)、3-脱氧葡萄糖醛酮(3-DG)、β-谷甾醇、角鲨烯与α-生育酚含量最高分别是对照的7.12、1.69、7.19、4.27、1.13、1.03和1.25倍;总酚与抗氧化能力呈极显著相关（P<0.01）;美拉德产物5-HMF、MGO、3-DG含量与抗氧化能力呈显著相关（P<0.05）,β-谷甾醇、角鲨烯与α-生育酚与温度分别呈正相关、显著负相关、显著正相关;综合评价模型表明极性组分（总酚、美拉德产物）抗氧化能力权重大于非极性组分,热处理110℃前非极性组分对油茶籽油的抗氧化水平起主要作用,11...     

精炼工艺对亚麻籽油中反式酸含量的影响

本课题以含55%亚麻酸的压榨亚麻籽油为原料,研究亚麻籽油在精炼过程中油脂品质和反式酸含量的变化规律。结果表明,化学精炼和物理精炼工艺都能将亚麻籽毛油酸价由3.8mgKOH/g脱到0.3mgKOH/g以下;化学精炼过程亚麻籽油中反式酸含量变化由0.2%上升到0.4%;物理精炼过程亚麻油中反式酸含量变化比较明显,脱色后亚麻油反式酸含量为0.27%;在温度200℃,绝对压力10-50pa条件下亚麻油精炼脱酸,4h时亚麻油反式酸含量为0.91%,8h时反式酸含量为1.73%。另外研究表明,化学精炼过程亚麻油的过氧化值变化不大,经精炼后成品油过氧化值为4.1mmol/kg;物理脱酸过程中亚麻油的过氧化值缓慢增加,在200℃脱酸6h时,过氧化值为6mmol/kg以下。     

大孔树脂纯化黄精多酚及其抗氧化性与组成分析

考察4种树脂对黄精多酚粗提物的吸附-解吸特性,筛选出最佳的纯化树脂,并研究其纯化工艺,分析黄精多酚的体外抗氧化活性、红外光谱特性和单酚组成。结果表明,AB-8型大孔树脂最适合于对黄精多酚粗提液的纯化,静态吸附5 h达到饱和,静态解吸3 h达到平衡;在室温下,用质量浓度为0.80 mg/mL的黄精多酚粗提液以0.8 mL/min的流速上样;吸附平衡后以70%的乙醇为洗脱剂,在洗脱流速为1 mL/min时,大孔树脂纯化效果最好,经纯化后黄精多酚的纯度提高了3.37倍。黄精多酚具有较好的抗氧化能力,且具有良好的量效关系,纯化前后黄精多酚总还原能力的IC50值分别为(27.48±1.93)、(19.01±1.48)μg/mL,清除DPPH·的IC50值依次为(5.21±0.48)、(4.00±0.26)μg/mL,清除ABTS+·的IC50值依次为(4.89±0.82)、(4.21±0.53)μg/mL,经纯化后黄精多酚的抗氧化活性明显增强。红外光谱分析表明其具有多酚和黄酮的特征峰;HPLC-DAD分析表明,黄精多酚主要含绿源酸,阿魏酸,芦丁和熊果酸。     

美国山核桃总多酚与总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性

为研究不同种质美国山核桃中总多酚与总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性的差异,对29个美国山核桃种质脱脂种仁的总多酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性进行测定和比较。结果表明,29个美国山核桃种质脱脂种仁的总多酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性存在显著差异,其中ZL86号种质总多酚含量最高,为47.96mg GAE·g~(-1),且抗氧化活性最强;ZL65号种质总黄酮含量最高,为24.01 mg RE·g~(-1);总多酚、总黄酮含量均与抗氧化活性呈极显著正相关。聚类分析将29个种质分为2类:Ⅰ类包含18个种质,其总多酚含量、总黄酮含量和抗氧化活性均较低;Ⅱ类包含11个种质,其总多酚含量、总黄酮含量和抗氧化活性均较高。本研究为美国山核桃品种的选育提供了一定的理论依据。     

花椒籽油精炼工艺的试验研究

为将游离脂肪酸和蜡含量高的花椒籽毛油精炼为符合国家相关标准的食用油,该文通过溶剂萃取与常规碱炼结合脱酸,再用活性炭脱色。花椒籽油精炼试验结果表明：精炼油的得率73.84%,油品的酸值（以kOH计）＜0.5?mg/g）)达到了国家一级食用油的标准,保留了全部的α-亚麻酸,得到花椒籽毛油质量19.19%的游离脂肪酸和蜡,炼耗酸值比0.74,乙醇回收率91.15%。花椒籽油精炼优化工艺是：采用95%的乙醇与花椒籽毛油按2.5：1（V/W）的比例萃取2次花椒籽毛油,然后对萃取后的花椒籽油碱炼脱酸一次,再用活性炭脱色。     

原料及制油工艺对花生毛油中塑化剂含量的影响

为了探究油料品质及制油工艺对花生毛油中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂(phthalatic acid esters,PAEs)的影响规律,对未脱皮花生仁和脱皮花生仁分别采用压榨法和浸出法提取花生毛油,对未脱皮和脱皮花生仁及其对应毛油中PAEs含量进行检测分析,研究原料品质和制油工艺对花生毛油中PAEs含量的影响。结果表明:未脱皮和脱皮花生仁中均含有PAEs且在制油过程向毛油中迁移和富集,在不同制油工艺中迁移率的差别致使不同毛油中PAEs含量也有明显差别。7个未脱皮花生仁样品中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(di(2-ethtlhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(diisononyl ortho-phthalate,DINP)和8种塑化剂总的(total content of 8 PAEs,∑8PAEs)质量分数分别为0.085~0.540、0.325~1.372、0.422~0.771和0.964~3.403 mg/kg。花生浸出毛油中DBP、DEHP、DINP及∑8PAEs平均含量是压榨毛油的1.39、1.23、1.16、1.22倍。花生仁脱皮制油可使毛油中DBP、DEHP、DINP、∑8PAEs含量分别降低33.0%~36.4%、26.7%~29.4%、15.0%~18.7%、22.5%~23.0%。在花生油生产尤其是炒香型花生油生产时,严格对花生仁原料中PAEs含量进行监控,同时采用花生脱皮压榨取油,对花生油产品的PAEs风险防范和控制有重要意义。研究结果可为企业生产高品质花生油,降低PAEs风险提供参考。     

双螺杆冷榨茶籽油的中试生产

为了提高油茶籽的综合利用价值,克服传统高温热榨和精炼导致茶籽油的一些营养成分和固有香味的损失,一种双螺杆冷榨茶籽油的生产工艺被开发。中试生产试验结果表明,当入榨油料含水率6.0%,仁中含壳率8.0%时,最大榨膛温度不超过60℃,饼中残油率为3.6%,所生产的冷榨茶籽油达到国标压榨成品油茶籽油一级标准。与传统的精炼茶籽油相比,冷榨茶籽油中维生素E质量分数大大高于精炼油(P0.05),是精炼油的2.6倍,不饱和脂肪酸和不皂化物的质量分数也明显高于精炼油(P0.05)。冷榨茶籽饼的粗蛋白、可溶性糖和淀粉的质量分数均高出浸出饼粕1倍左右,而粗纤维质量分数下降55.16%,茶皂素的质量分数也显著增加了1倍左右(P0.05)。经济可行性分析表明,一个日处理30 t油茶籽冷榨茶籽油生产车间的效益/费用比为1.28,投资回收期为0.78 a,社会经济效益显著,适合于中国油茶籽产区较大规模的生产应用。研究为油茶籽的高效加工与利用提供参考。     

油茶籽脱壳机的研制与应用

采用挤压和碾磨原理以及风筛复合分离原理设计开发出了油茶籽脱壳机。油茶籽含水率和辊筒线速度是影响脱壳分离效果的主要因素。适宜的脱壳工艺条件为油茶籽含水率5%～20%,辊筒线速度8.90～10.00 m/s,在此工艺条件下,油茶籽脱壳率≥98.5%,仁中含壳≤4%、壳中含仁≤1%。油茶籽脱壳机成功投入了生产实践应用,获得了质量优良的油茶籽油和脱壳油茶籽饼粕,提高了油茶籽加工的经济效益。     

改进的挤压膨化浸出工艺对大豆油脂及粕蛋白品质的改善

该文采用了一种新型的挤压膨化预处理工艺,原料经清理、粉碎后直接进行挤压膨化和浸提,同传统处理工艺相比,在油脂浸出速率和能耗方面,以及油脂稳定性和粕蛋白质溶解性方面均优于传统预处理工艺。研究结果表明,60℃加速氧化30 d后,传统工艺毛油的过氧化值(POV)为72.76 meq/kg,新工艺毛油的POV值在9.80～32.51 meq/kg之间;pH值为7.0时,粕蛋白氮溶指数(NSI)高出传统工艺9.39%～35.92%。     

花期及提取方法对重瓣栀子花成分及活性影响

为提高栀子花资源的利用率,本研究首先分析了花蕾期、盛开期和衰败期3个花期重瓣栀子花的营养活性成分及抗氧化活性。在此基础上,以盛开期重瓣栀子花为原料,比较了不同溶剂(石油醚、乙醇、水)和水蒸气蒸馏4种不同提取物的活性成分含量,抗氧化、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性及抑菌活性的差异。结果表明,不同花期重瓣栀子花总脂肪、总糖和蛋白质含量差异较小,总酚、总黄酮、总环烯醚萜含量及抗氧化活性则表现为盛开期显著高于其他花期。重瓣栀子花乙醇提取物的总酚(6.32%)、总黄酮(8.40%)、总环烯醚萜(19.80%)含量,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH,IC₅₀=98.50μg·mL^-1)、2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS,IC₅₀=65.79μg·mL^-1)自由基清除能力及抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性(IC₅₀=275.48μg·mL^-1)的能力均显著高于其他提取物。在抑菌效果上,水蒸气蒸馏物对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及酵母菌的抑制效果均强于其他提取物...     

Influence of industrial and alternative farming systems on contents of sugars, organic acids, total phenolic content, and the antioxidant activity of red beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris Rote Kugel)

The contents of sugars, organic acids, total phenolic content, and the antioxidant activity were quantified in the flesh of red beet from conventional (CON), integrated (INT), organic (ORG), biodynamic (BD), and control farming systems using established methods. Significant differences were measured for malic acid, total phenolic content (TPC), and total antioxidant activity, where malic acid content ranged from 2.39 g kg(-1) FW (control) to 1.63 g kg(-1) FW (CON, ORG, and INT). The highest TPC was measured in BD and control samples (0.677 and 0.672 mg GAE g(-1), respectively), and the lowest in CON samples (0.511 mg GAE g(-1)). Antioxidant activity was positively correlated with TPC (r2=0.6187) and ranged from 0.823 μM TE g(-1) FW to 1.270 μM TE g(-1) FW in CON and BD samples, respectively, whereas total sugar content ranged from 21.03 g kg(-1) FW (CON) to 31.58 g kg(-1) FW (BD). The importance of sugars, organic acids, phenols, and antioxidants for human health, as well as for plant resilience and health, gained from this explorative study, is discussed and put into perspective.     

Lipid stability and antioxidant profile of microsomal fraction of broiler meat enriched with α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol acetate

The importance of the linkage between nutrition and health is a hot issue. Like other food-related sectors, the meat industry is undergoing foremost transformations, driven among other things by changes in consumer requirements. The present study was designed to evaluate the lipid stability and antioxidative potential of leg and breast microsomal fraction of broiler meat fed on ALA and ATA. For the first 3 weeks of growth, broilers were fed on feed supplemented with ATA (200 mg/kg of feed) and during the last 3 weeks broilers were fed on feed supplemented with ALA (25, 75, 150 mg/kg of feed) and a constant level of ATA (200 mg/kg of feed). The body weight of the carcass was measured after every week of growth until 6 weeks. Positive correlation between the antioxidant activity and the TPC was observed. Higher values of TBARS were detected in leg muscles than in breast muscles. HPLC data revealed ALA and ATA contents were higher in T(4) (leg, 5.55 ± 0.19 and 3.87 ± 0.15 μg/mg of protein; breast, 5.63 ± 0.20 and 2.03 ± 0.10 μg/mg of protein, respectively) and lowest in T(5) (ALA, leg, 1.40 ± 0.06 μg/mg of protein; breast, 1.54 ± 0.05 μg/mg of protein; ATA, leg, 1.25 ± 0.06 μg/mg of protein; breast, 0.63 ± 0.008 μg/mg of protein), in which the only oxidized oil was used. Oxidized oil in feed reduced weight gain and increased TBARS, whereas TPC, DPPH, ALA, and ATA values decreased in both leg and breast meat.     

Effects of different cooking procedures on lipid quality and cholesterol oxidation of farmed salmon fish (Salmo salar)

Salmon fillets were steamed, or pan-fried without oil, with olive oil, with corn oil, or with partially hydrogenated plant oil. The exchange between the salmon and the pan-frying oils was marginal, but it was detectable as slight modifications in the fatty acid pattern and the tocopherol contents according to the oil used. Primary and secondary oxidation products were only slightly increased or remained unchanged, which indicated a slight lipid oxidation effect due to the heating procedures applied. The same was observed for tocopherol levels, which remained almost stable and were not affected by the oxidation process. The sum of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) increased after the heating processes from 0.9 microg/g in the raw sample to 6.0, 4.0, 4.4, 3.3, and 9.9 microg/g extracted fat in pan-fried without oil, with olive oil, corn oil, partially hydrogenated plant oil, and steamed, respectively. A highly significant correlation was found between the fatty acid pattern and the total amount of COPs (r2 = 0.973, p < 0.001). No change has been determined in the n-3 fatty acids content and in the polyunsaturated/saturated-ratio of the cooked salmon fillets. Moderate pan-frying (6 min total) and steaming (12 min) of salmon did not accelerate lipid oxidation but significantly increased the content of COPs. The highest increase of COPs was found through steaming, mainly due to the longer heat exposure. The used frying oils did not influence the outcome; no significant difference between heat treatment with or without oil has been determined.     

茶叶籽贮藏时间对毛油产率与质量的影响

为了揭示茶叶籽贮藏时间对发酵法茶叶籽毛油产率与质量的影响,每2周从贮藏的茶叶籽中取样,利用茶叶籽油发酵法生产工艺进行茶叶籽毛油生产,并对工艺中各项剩余物的含油量及毛油的重要质量指标进行了测定,结果如下。室温条件下,茶叶籽贮藏47周后,毛油产率下降了23.5%、酸值及过氧化值分别升高了44.88%及69.4%,毛油色泽基本没有变化。滤渣、发酵沉淀的质量分别升高了20.27%及23.35%;淀粉、油渣质量分别降低了6.13%及3.64%。滤渣、发酵沉淀、淀粉及油渣含油率分别升高了15.63%、22.77%、206%及12.88%。发酵沉淀质量对毛油产率的影响是正向的,淀粉、油渣及滤渣质量对毛油产率的影响是负向的;发酵沉淀及滤渣含油率对毛油产率的影响是正向的,淀粉及油渣含油量对毛油产率的影响是负向的,影响大小的排序为:油渣淀粉滤渣发酵沉淀。综合分析表明,滤渣是通过滤渣质量的增加导致毛油产率随贮藏时间下降的,其下降作用的贡献占全部下降因素的79.28%。贮藏47周后的茶叶籽仁,利用发酵法生产工艺仍然具有毛油生产价值。该研究可为茶叶籽油合理生产提供理论支撑。     

Fatty acid composition and antioxidant properties of cold-pressed marionberry, boysenberry, red raspberry, and blueberry seed oils

Cold-pressed marionberry, boysenberry, red raspberry, and blueberry seed oils were evaluated for their fatty acid composition, carotenoid content, tocopherol profile, total phenolic content (TPC), oxidative stability index (OSI), peroxide value, and antioxidant properties. All tested seed oils contained significant levels of alpha-linolenic acid ranging from 19.6 to 32.4 g per 100 g of oil, along with a low ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids (1.64-3.99). The total carotenoid content ranged from 12.5 to 30.0 micromoles per kg oil. Zeaxanthin was the major carotenoid compound in all tested berry seed oils, along with beta-carotene, lutein, and cryptoxanthin. Total tocopherol was 260.6-2276.9 mumoles per kg oil, including alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols. OSI values were 20.07, 20.30, and 44.76 h for the marionberry, red raspberry, and boysenberry seed oils, respectively. The highest TPC of 2.0 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of oil was observed in the red raspberry seed oil, while the strongest oxygen radical absorbance capacity was in boysenberry seed oil extract (77.9 micromol trolox equivalents per g oil). All tested berry seed oils directly reacted with and quenched DPPH radicals in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These data suggest that the cold-pressed berry seed oils may serve as potential dietary sources of tocopherols, carotenoids, and natural antioxidants.     

Diversity in Antioxidant Capacity,Phenolic Contents,and Flavonoid Contents of 42 Edible Beans from China

Edible beans are among the most important grain legumes consumed by humans. To provide new information on the antioxidant phenolics of edible beans, the antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) in both soluble and bound fractions of 42 edible beans from China were systematically evaluated, with main phenolic compounds identified and quantified in 10 beans possessing the highest TPC. Edible beans contained a wide range of total antioxidant capacity and TPC generally comparable with common grains, fruits, and vegetables, and their bound fractions had significant antioxidant capacity, TPC, and TFC. Red sword bean was found for the first time to show extremely high total antioxidant capacity (ferrous[II] at 235 ± 13.2 μmol/g and Trolox at 164 ± 10.5 μmol/g) and TPC (1767 ± 58.3 mg of GAE/100 g). Phenolic compounds such as catechin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and protocatechuic acid were widely detected in selected beans. A positive correlation was found between antioxidant capacity (ferric‐reducing antioxidant power [FRAP] and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC] values) and TPC, with correlation coefficient r = 0.974 (FRAP value versus TPC) and r = 0.914 (TEAC value versus TPC). Therefore, beans with high antioxidant capacity and phenolic content can be valuable sources of dietary natural antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative stress‐related chronic diseases.     

辐照协同甲酸分离油茶壳中纤维素、木质素和木糖的工艺研究

为了提高油菜壳木质纤维素分离效率,本试验以油茶壳为原料,研究不同辐照剂量(0、200、400、600、800 kGy)处理后其粉碎能耗、粒度分布和化学组分的变化,同时开展辐照协同甲酸分离油茶壳木质纤维素的工艺研究。结果表明,辐照处理后油茶壳粉碎能耗降低,粉碎后细颗粒样品所占比例增加,经400 kGy剂量辐照处理的油茶壳粉碎能耗比对照节约43.59%,800 kGy剂量辐照处理的油茶壳粉碎后粒径<0.075 mm的颗粒占比达到41.38%。辐照处理后油茶壳木质纤维素发生降解,水溶性组分、水溶性单糖、聚糖含量均增加。辐照协同甲酸分离油茶壳纤维素、木质素和木糖的最佳工艺为:辐照剂量400 kGy,反应温度100℃,反应时间3 h,在此条件下分离获得的油茶壳纤维素、木质素、木糖的提取率分别为89.94%、47.74%和96.37%,纤维素和木质素纯度分别为45.05%和91.92%。本研究结果对油茶壳木质纤维素全组分的高效分离和应用具有重要意义。     

Isoflavone composition and antioxidant capacity of modified-lipoxygenase soybeans grown in Maryland

Maryland-grown soybean lines modified for low lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) content and a traditional nonmodified cultivar were analyzed for fatty acid composition, total phenolic content (TPC), isoflavone composition, relative DPPH? scavenging capacity (RDSC), and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (HOSC). Soybean lines included black, brown, and yellow soybeans. TPC of all soybean lines ranged from 2.84 to 4.74 mg gallic acid equiv (GAE)/g flour. Total isoflavones were between 2.78 and 8.66 μmol/g flour. RDSC of all lines was between 0.48 and 14.62 μmol Trolox equiv (TE)/g flour, and HOSC ranged from 53.57 to 135.52 μmol TE/g flour. Some modified-LOX genotypes demonstrated antioxidant capacity and/or isoflavone content similar to or higher than those of the nonmodified cultivar (P < 0.05). Black soybeans demonstrated higher TPC and RDSC than most yellow soybean lines, although they did not have higher isoflavone content. The results demonstrate that modification of the LOX trait did not necessarily alter the antioxidant capacity or chemical composition of the experimental soybean lines when compared with a nonmodified cultivar. These soybean lines may be studied further for nutraceutical properties and use in functional foods.     

Antioxidative and antiproliferative properties of selected barley (Hordeum vulgarae L.) cultivars and their potential for inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol oxidation

Aqueous methanolic extracts of whole kernels from six different barley cultivars, namely, Falcon, AC Metcalfe, Tyto, Tercel, Phoenix, and Peregrine, were examined for their total phenolic content (TPC), oxygen radical scavenging capacity (ORACFL), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (HORACFL), potency in prevention of lipid oxidation using the Rancimat method, efficacy in inhibition of Cu(II)-induced human LDL cholesterol oxidation, and antiproliferative activities using Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Total phenolic content as measured by Folin-Ciocalteu's method ranged from 0.68 to 1.19 mg of ferulic acid equiv/g of defatted material, whereas ORACFL and HORACFL values were 11.28-19.10 and 9.06-12.99 micromol of Trolox equiv/g of defatted material, respectively. Protection factor (PF), a measure of the effect of extracts on the prevention of oxidation of stripped corn oil as measured by Rancimat, ranged from 0.97 to 1.59. Furthermore, barley extracts showed 19.64-33.93% inhibition against Cu(II)-induced human LDL cholesterol oxidation at a final concentration of 0.02 mg/mL. The proliferation of Caco-2 colon cancer cells was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion in the presence of all barley extracts tested at the end of the day 4 of incubation. At the end of day 4, barley extracts rendered 29.3-51.2 and 9.3-15.9% inhibition of cell proliferation at 0.5 and 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. Phenolic extracts from whole barley kernel tested possessed high antioxidant, antiradical, and antiproliferative potentials. Therefore, inclusion of whole barley into the daily diet may render beneficial health benefits.     

油茶果脱壳机的设计与工作参数优化

为改进油茶果脱壳机性能,提高脱壳率、降低茶籽破损率,该文研究了油茶果的物性参数和常用脱壳机的工作原理及结构特点,采用挤压、搓擦原理,设计了一种脱壳间隙可调节的油茶果脱壳机。选取脱壳电机转速、分离电机转速和脱壳间隙3个因素,以脱壳率和茶籽破损率为指标进行正交优化试验。研究结果表明:新收获的油茶果含水率平均值为60.08%,粒径分布范围为20~50 mm。脱壳间隙对指标的影响最为显著,优化后的脱壳电机转速为125 r/min,分离电机转速343 r/min,脱壳间隙12 mm,此参数条件下脱壳率为96.91%,茶籽破损率为3.38%,处理量可达2 t/h。该研究满足实际生产要求,可为油茶果脱壳加工提供参考。