猪伪狂犬病的综合防制

伪狂犬病又称奥叶士奇病,是由伪狂犬病病毒引起的多种家畜和野生动物的一种高度接触性、急性传染病。猪是该病的主要宿主和传染源,感染仔猪出现发热、腹泻、呼吸困难、肌肉震颤、麻痹,母猪出现繁殖障碍等症状,给养猪业造成了巨大的损失。猪伪狂犬病是严重危害养猪业的重要疫病之一,国内外众多学者对其进行了大量研究,建立了多种诊断与鉴别方法,研制了不同类型的疫苗。本文对该病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防控方面的研究进展做一综述,重点介绍了猪伪狂犬病的诊断与抗原、抗体检测方法。     

猪伪狂犬病诊断技术的研究进展

猪伪狂犬病是严重危害养猪业的重要疫病之一。随着养猪业规模化、产业化和集约化的发展,该病在我国多个省市均有报道。近年猪伪狂犬病在多个种猪场呈流行暴发趋势,使我国养殖业受到巨大的经济损失,打击了养殖户的积极性。国内外众学者对其进行了大量研究,建立了多种诊断与鉴别诊断方法,为猪伪狂犬病的防治提供了相关依据。本文对猪伪狂犬病的病原学、临床症状、流行以及诊断方法进行了相关论述,其中主要对诊断方法进行了介绍,可以对该病的防治提供相关理论依据。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断与防控净化

伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病病毒引起的多种家畜和野生动物共患的一种烈性传染病。猪是该病毒的自然宿主,该病具有高度传染性,可造成种猪繁殖障碍、仔猪早期大量死亡、商品猪生长迟滞,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。文章从猪伪狂犬病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断、防控措施及净化等方面对猪伪狂犬病进行了较全面的阐述,以期为该病防控与净化工作提供参考。     

猪伪狂犬病诊断技术研究进展

猪伪狂犬病是由猪疱疹病毒1型所引起的猪、羊、牛等多种家畜及野生动物的一种以发热、奇痒(猪除外)、脑脊髓炎为主要症状的急性传染病。各种年龄的猪都易感,且流行广泛,严重制约了养猪业的发展。猪伪狂犬病临床上常与猪圆环病毒病、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征以及猪细小病毒病等常见的猪病毒病混合感染,且临床症状较为相似。目前该病的诊断技术主要有临床诊断方法、病原学诊断方法、免疫学诊断方法及分子生物学诊断方法等。近年来随着科学技术的迅猛发展,灵敏度高、特异性强的分子生物学诊断技术越来越受人们重视。本文针对该病最新的诊断技术进行综述,以期为猪伪狂犬病的防治提供参考。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断及综合防治

猪伪狂犬病(Pseudorabies,PR)是一种由伪狂犬病毒引起的急性传染病。本病在养猪业中具有难诊断、误诊率高、危害大等特点。随着我国养猪业的快速发展,猪伪狂犬病已经成为影响养猪业健康发展的一种常见疾病。本文着重从发病机理、临床症状、诊断方法、综合防治等方面对该病进行了简要分析和阐述,并提出了具体的技术措施。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断及综合防控措施

伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)属于疱疹病毒科,α-疱疹病毒亚科,可感染多种家畜及野生动物,其中猪最易感。该病自1902年发现以来,已在全球范围内流行,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失,成为危害养猪业的主要传染病之一.本文通过对猪伪狂犬病简介、诊断方法、分子生物学特征、致病机理等方面介绍,总结出猪伪狂犬病的综合防控措施,以供同行参考。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断与综合防制

猪伪狂犬病(pseudorabies,PR)是由伪狂犬病病毒引起的多种家畜和野生动物共患的一种烈性传染病.猪是该病毒的天然宿主和贮存者.该病具有高度传染性,易在猪群间不断传播,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失,严重制约着我国养猪业的健康发展.因此,预防、控制、净化和根除该病是我国当前面临的一项艰巨任务.从流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、防制等方面对猪伪狂犬病进行了较全面的阐述,以期为今后防控该病提供参考.     

猪伪狂犬病的简介与净化

正伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)属于疱疹病毒科,α-疱疹病毒亚科,可感染多种家畜及野生动物,其中猪最易感。该病自1902年发现以来,已在全球范围内流行,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失,成为危害养猪业的主要传染病之一。本文通过对猪伪狂犬病简介、诊断方法、分子生物学特征、致病机理等方面介绍,总结出猪伪狂犬病的综合防控措施及净化要点,以供同行参考。1伪狂犬病简介1.1病原伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV;     

关于猪伪狂犬病防治的探讨

猪伪狂犬病（Pseudorabies,PR）,又称Aujeszky氏病,是由伪狂犬病病毒引起多种家畜的一种以发热、奇痒、脑脊髓炎为主要特征的高度接触性传染病。仔猪和其他易感动物一旦感染该病,死亡率极高,常给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。文章介绍了猪伪狂犬病的临床症状、病理变化及诊断方法,并提出了具体的防治措施,以供同行参考。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断与防治

正猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病病毒引起家畜和野生动物的一种急性传染性疾病。猪是该病的主要宿主和传染源,感染仔猪出现发热、腹泻、呼吸困难、肌肉震颤、麻痹、共济失调;母猪出现繁殖障碍,给养猪业造成了巨大的损失。本文对该病的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防控作一介绍。该病发病无明显季节性,近几年发病率升高,已成     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein