云杉矮槲寄生开花特性及化学防控

云杉矮槲寄生是严重危害三江源地区天然云杉林的多年生寄生性种子植物。对云杉矮槲寄生开花动态的定点监测结果表明:云杉矮槲寄生花期持续40天以上,单株花序寿命约为15天;雌花在花期结束后6～8天后开始坐果,幼果初期无果梗,浅绿色,直径约为1～1.3mm;果实成熟后期,果梗逐渐伸长至1～1.5mm,颜色转为深绿色。4种不同浓度的植物激素类药剂[40%乙烯利水剂,50%国光丁酰肼可溶性粉剂,20%国光萘乙酸粉剂(NAA)和90.8%脱落酸(ABA)]对云杉矮槲寄生花芽的药剂防治试验发现:1∶400的40%乙烯利水剂为防除效果最佳,可达100%,且未对云杉植株产生不良药害反应。     

乙烯利防治云杉矮槲寄生效果及安全性评估

为安全、高效利用乙烯利防治云杉矮槲寄生Arceuthobium sichuanense,在青海云杉Picea crassifolia树冠中部和下部喷施1:200的乙烯利水剂(AS)防治云杉矮槲寄生,并评估其对林下灌木和草本植物的安全性.结果显示:药后9 d,树冠下部的校正防效达到90％以上,树冠中部的校正防效达到80％...     

扣棚与化学药剂脱叶对云南冬枣物候期和品质的影响

为使冬枣物候期提前,促进其果实提早成熟,使其提早进入市场,避开冬枣集中上市时间,提高其经济效益,以12年生冬枣为试材,采用扣棚与化学药剂脱叶的方式进行早熟促成栽培技术试验。对不同处理中冬枣物候期进行观察,对果实的纵横经、果实硬度、总糖、总酸、维生素C含量、可溶性固形物等指标进行测定与分析。结果表明,适宜的扣棚时间可提早冬枣生长发育物候期,而且冬枣单果质量和纵横径都有显著的提高。此外,果实中的总糖含量、总酸含量、维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量均有所提高。化学药剂脱叶试验中,喷施12%尿素水剂与喷施稀释600倍的乙烯利对叶片提早脱落有一定效果,能使冬枣翌年萌芽、开花和果实成熟的时间提前。     

不同药剂对云杉梢斑螟的防治效果试验

分别用敌马烟剂0.5kg/667m~2、5%杀螟松乳油、27%敌百虫粉剂、2.5%辛硫磷乳剂、8%乐果乳油、0.05%阿维菌素粉剂、糖醋液等7种药剂对云杉梢斑螟(Dioryctirin schutzeella Fuchs)虫害进行防治。通过试验表明,不同药剂其防治效果不同,0.5kg/667m2的敌马烟剂和0.05%阿维菌素粉剂对云杉梢斑螟的防治效果最佳。     

三种生物药剂对两色绿刺蛾的防治试验

分别对毛竹林采用施放苦参碱·烟碱烟剂、喷施白僵菌粉剂及苏云金杆菌粉剂等3种生物药剂,进行两色绿刺蛾林间防治试验,结果表明:林间施用3种药剂后10 d,两色绿刺蛾防治效果分别达95.23%、87.89%、89.34%,防治效果明显,表明该3种药剂均可单一或综合使用于两色绿刺蛾幼虫的防治,其中以施放苦参碱·烟碱烟剂对两色绿刺蛾幼虫表现出死亡率高、死亡速度快,效果最佳。     

国光希尔GSB对红地球葡萄生长发育的影响

为研究红地球葡萄的最佳国光希尔GSB用量,以设施红地球葡萄为试材,进行叶面喷施80、60、40 mg L-1等不同质量浓度的国光希尔GSB试验,在红地球葡萄不同生长期调查并测定各项指标,对测量数据进行分析和总结.结果表明:喷施国光希尔GSB效果最好的浓度为80 mg L-1,其纵径生长比对照提高19.46%,横径生长比对照提高了23.53%;果实单质量比对照提高61.9%;固形物含量比对照提高43.95%;果粒生长硬度比对照提高59.19%.同时国光希尔GSB可提高果实品质及生长速率,光合作用与对照均有一定差异.该药剂对红地球葡萄果粒增大效果显著.     

生物调节剂在果园的应用

近几年，应用于果园的植物生长调节剂很多，使用这些药剂，可以调节果树的生长和花芽分化，促进果实发育和成熟。下面介绍几种果园常用生长调节剂的性能状态及使用方法。茶乙酸是一种黄褐色粉末状结晶，易溶于热水和酒精。ＭＡ花期到落花后７－２１ｄ（）以５－３０ＸＩ０‘浓度喷施于苹果，对减轻果树大小年有明显作用。比久是一种水溶性粉剂，有效成分为９３％，苹果采摘前６０ｄ（天）喷施１０００－２０００ＸＩ０－’浓度的比久，对促进果实着邑减少落果效果显著。乙烯利是针状无色结晶，为强酸制剂，吸湿性强，易溶于水和酒精，对皮肤…     

生长调节剂在果园的应用

近几年，应用于果园的植物生长调节剂很多，使用这些药剂，可以调节果树的生长和花芽分化，促进果实发育和成熟。下面介绍几种果园常用生长调节剂的性能状态及使用方法。 蔡乙酸是一种黄褐色粉末状结晶，易溶于热水和酒精。从盛花期到落花后 ７～２１ｄ（日）以 ５－ ５０×１０－６浓度喷施于苹果，对减轻果树大小年有明显作用。 比久是一种水溶性粉剂，有效成分为９３％，苹果采摘前６０ｄ（天）喷施１０００－２ ０００×１０－６浓度的比久，对促进果实着色，减少落果效果显著。 乙烯利是针状无色结晶，为强酸制剂，吸湿性强，易溶于水…     

果树喷施乙烯利应注意的几个问题

果树喷施乙烯利应注意的几个问题乙烯利是一种植物生长调节剂，在抑制苹果新梢生长，使枝条变短，促进成花和果实成熟、着色以及疏花疏果方面有很好的效果。使用乙烯利时应注意以下几个问题：１．注意适期、适量用药：对国光苹果疏果，使用乙烯利３００μｇ／ｇ加萘乙酸２...     

乙烯丰（ethephon）能提高成熟澳洲坚果的脱落率

乙烯丰（ｅｔｈｅｐｈｏｎ）能提高成熟澳洲坚果的脱落率ＲＩＣＨＡＲＤＳＯＮ，Ａ．Ｃ．等试验研究了乙烯丰对演洲坚果光先种和粗先种杂在的栽培种Ｂｅａｕｍｏｎｔ成激果实脱落的效果。１９８８年，在果实成熟后两周对６龄果树喷施２００或４００ｍｇ／Ｌｚ＃学水溶液，...     

乙烯利及NAA对红富士疏花疏果的效应

在红富士苹果花蕾期、盛花蓁落花后三个时期喷施乙烯利配合ＮＡＡ,结果表明,在盛花期取得明显效果,尤以乙烯利４００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１和６００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１及乙烯利８００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１配合两组处理效果最好,百花序坐果数达到４６－９９个,单用乙烯利８００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ｘ疏除过量,百花序做果仅２５个,配合ＮＡＡ１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１可降低乙烯利的疏除效应,使得效果更为稳妥。     

3种激素对紫薇疏果效果分析

对紫薇进行疏果试验的结果表明：采用40％乙烯利WC100mlM667m2进行疏果,药后30天单株落果率为67．08％、果序重355．6g,明显好于其他激素的疏果效果,且对苗木较为安全,基本上能达到疏果目的;75％赤霉酸SP0．5g／667m2、80％萘乙酸SP5g／667m2疏果效果不明显。     

沙棘不落果原因探讨

沙棘果实成熟与衰老时均不脱落,甚至干缩在果枝上,为了研究沙棘不落果原因,寻求促进落果的有效方法,我们进行了下列实验。一、材料与方法 (一)外施乙烯与ABA于果实完熟前期(9月中下旬)剪取中国沙棘(Hippophaerhamnoides L.Subsp.Sinesis)、西藏沙棘(H.thibetana Schlechtend)带叶果枝,将下端分别浸于装有500、1000ppm乙烯利,50、100ppm ABA与50、100ppm6-康基氨基腺     

7种药剂防治大球蚧试验

通过不同杀虫剂对果树大球蚧越冬若虫的防效试验结果表明,40%蚧蚧高乳油、40%新速扑蚧乳油、25%蚧虱速乳油1500倍液对大球蚧越冬若虫防效较好,药后15d,防效分别是91.86%,90.76%和90.60%。     

敌百虫对山地国光苹果疏果效应的研究

本文研究了敌百虫对山地国光苹果的疏果效应。结果表明,国光苹果采用盛花后10d喷布900～1125mgL~(-1)的敌百虫,疏除效应显著。喷布1125mgL~(-1)的敌百虫加萘乙酸20mgL~(-1),可使幼果脱落推迟,疏除作用增强。处理后,果实的单果重及第2a的花芽量增加。     

Girdling effects on fruit set and quantum yield efficiency of PSII in two Citrus cultivars

Girdling effects on fruitlet abscission, leaf chlorophyll, chlorophyll a fluorescence and carbohydrate concentration in various flowering and vegetative shoots were studied during natural fruit drop in two Citrus cultivars. Irrespective of shoot type, girdling delayed fruitlet abscission, but only fruitlets borne on leafy shoots had increased final fruit set. Chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed differences in quantum yield efficiency of photosystem II of light adapted leaves (Phi(PSII)) among shoot types and in response to girdling. In young leaves of vegetative shoots, girdling decreased Phi(PSII), whereas Phi(PSII) increased from Day 30 after girdling in young leaves of leafy flowering shoots; however, Phi(PSII) did not change in mature leaves during fruit set in either control or girdled trees. Girdling altered leaf carbohydrate concentrations and the photosynthetic performance of the various shoot types. Our results indicate that, in Citrus, several carbohydrate-based regulatory mechanisms of photosynthesis coexist during carbohydrate accumulation brought about by girdling. It is concluded that the delay in fruitlet abscission and the increase in Phi(PSII )observed in girdled leafy flowering shoots are the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of fruit set after girdling.     

激素处理对野生观果树种坐果率和挂果期的影响

在花楸树盛花期喷50×10^-6赤霉素，可提高坐果率28．72％；喷PBO生长调节剂300倍液，可提高坐果率17．35％。在天目琼花盛花期喷50×10^-6赤霉素，可提高坐果率22．71％；喷PBO生长调节剂300倍液，可提高坐果率14．93％。以山杏、山梨为研究对象，在果实成熟前25d全株喷洒激素，在10×10^-6～50×10^-6范围内，随NAA和GA的增高，两个树种落果率明显下降，但均以30×10^-6～50×10^-6最为显著，落果率仅在10％以下，比对照下降了88．4％。     

萘乙酸和乙烯利对梨树的疏花疏果效应

对10年生梨园在梨树初花期、盛花期和落花期分别喷布不同浓度和配比的乙烯利和萘乙酸,结果表明：乙烯利在初花期使用,疏除效果不明显,盛花期使用200-400mg／L效果好,坐果率达到12％～18％,疏除效果较适宜;2-10mg／L的萘乙酸获得较理想的效果,疏除率达到85％左右;2-10mg／L的萘乙酸与200～400萘mg／L的乙烯利配合使用,疏除率达到80％。正确使用各种化学药剂对鸭梨和雪花梨进行疏花疏果可达到良好效果,省时省工省力,有广阔发展前景,试验结果对指导生产有一定的实际意义。     

青梅抗黑星病无性系抗病适应性研究

在果期不施用农药的条件下,对青梅抗黑星病无性系的鲜果抗黑星病能力进行测定试验,结果表明:①青梅在不同的产区,抗黑星病无性系都具有极显著的抗黑星病能力,初步选育的抗病无性系在不同产区抗病性能无显著差异;②不同无性系中,抗黑星病无性系鲜果病斑症状出现的时间比普通龙眼梅显著推迟;③抗黑星病无性系有较强的抗落果性能。     

Factors involved in alleviating water stress by partial crop removal in pear trees

We studied the relief of water stress associated with fruit thinning in pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees during drought to determine what mechanisms, other than stomatal adjustment, were involved. Combinations of control irrigation (equal to crop water use less effective rainfall) and deficit irrigation (equal to 20% of control irrigation), fruit load (unthinned and thinned to 40 fruits per tree) and root pruning (pruned and unpruned) treatments were applied to pear (cv. 'Conference') trees during Stage II of fruit development. Daily patterns of midday stem water potential (Psi(stem)) and leaf conductance to water vapor (g(l)) of deficit-irrigated trees differed after fruit thinning. In response to fruit thinning, gl progressively declined with water stress until 30 days after fruit thinning and then leveled off, whereas the effects of decreased fruit load on Psi(stem) peaked 30-40 days after fruit thinning and then tended to decline. Soil water depletion was significantly correlated with fruit load during drought. Our results indicate that stomatal adjustment and the resulting soil water conservation were the factors determining the Psi(stem) response to fruit thinning. However, these factors could not explain differences in daily patterns between g(l) and Psi(stem) after fruit thinning. In all cases, effects of root pruning treatments on Psi(stem) in deficit-irrigated trees were transitory (Psi(stem) recovered from root pruning in less than 30 days), but the recovery of Psi(stem) after root pruning was faster in trees with low fruit loads. This behavior is compatible with the concept that the water balance (reflected by Psi(stem) values) was better in trees with low fruit loads compared with unthinned trees, perhaps because more carbon was available for root growth. Thus, a root growth component is hypothesized as a mechanism to explain the bimodal Psi(stem) response to fruit thinning during drought.