埃塞俄比亚口蹄疫流行情况及控制策略

<正>1埃塞俄比亚口蹄疫流行状况世界动物卫生组织将口蹄疫列为法定报告动物疫病。口蹄疫在埃塞俄比亚呈地方性流行,严重危害了其畜牧业经济发展。近十年来,已经在埃塞俄比亚确认了四种口蹄疫病毒血清型(O、A、SAT2和SAT1型),以O、A和SAT2血清型为主。埃塞俄比亚口蹄疫长期存在,官方口蹄疫爆发记录始于1957年,2001~2015年间爆发频繁。调查表明,埃塞俄比亚牛群普遍存在口蹄疫病毒     

猪口蹄疫的特点与防治

1 口蹄疫病毒特征 口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)感染引起的偶蹄动物共患的急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,最易感染的动物是牛、猪、骆驼、羊、鹿等,野猪、野牛等野生动物也易感染此病.本病以牛最易感,羊的感染率较低.口蹄疫在亚洲、非洲和中东以及南美均有流行,在非流行区也有散发病例.该病毒具有多型性、易变的特点.口蹄疫病毒有O、A、C、Asial、SAT1、SAT2、SAT3等7个血清型和60多个亚型.     

口蹄疫防控知多少

<正>口蹄疫又称"5号病",是由口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)所引起的偶蹄动物传染病。世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为法定报告动物疫病,我国将其列为一类动物疫病。FMDV属小RNA病毒科口蹄疫病毒属,有O、A、C、Asia1和SAT1、SAT2、SAT3等7个血清型,血清型间无交叉免疫现象。口蹄疫主要流行于亚洲、非洲、中东和南美洲,尤是是我国周边的一些国家或地区,如东南亚一带长期疫情严重,流行毒株复杂,这给我国该病的防控构成很大压力。近年来,口蹄疫的流     

猪场口蹄疫抗体血清学调查与分析

<正>口蹄疫是偶蹄动物感染口蹄疫病毒(FM-DV)引起的一种急性、热性、接触性传染病,黄牛、水牛、猪、骆驼、羊、鹿等动物最易感。口蹄疫病毒分为O、A、C、SAT1、SAT2、SAT3(即南非口蹄疫病毒1、2、3型)和Asia I(亚洲I型)7个血清型,各型之间几乎没有免疫保护力,感染了口蹄疫病毒某一血清型的动物仍可感染其他血清型病毒而发病。近两年,周围规模化猪场O型     

口蹄疫分子生物学的研究进展

1口蹄疫的流行及危害口蹄疫（FMD）是由口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）感染引起的急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。主要感染对象为牛、羊、猪等偶蹄类家畜及野生偶蹄动物。根据动物交叉保护和血清学试验,口蹄疫病毒可分为O、A、C、SAT1、SAT2、SAT3和亚洲I共7种血清型,血清型问无交叉反应性。     

某地区牛羊口蹄疫免疫监测与分析

口蹄疫是世界动物卫生组织(OIE)规定的A类烈性动物传染病,该病病毒分为A、O、C(欧洲型),SAT1、SAT2、SAT3(南非1、2、3型,即非洲型)和AsiaI(亚洲I型,即亚洲型)共7个血清型。口蹄疫各型的抗原性不同,互相之间不能交叉免疫,所以要获得理想的口蹄疫免疫抗体必须使用相应血清型的疫     

浅谈口蹄疫疫苗的免疫与应用

引发口蹄疫的病毒属小RNA病毒科口蹄疫病毒属口蹄疫病毒,病毒粒子直径为20 nm~25 nm,近似圆形,呈二十面体,无囊膜。病原血清主要分A、O、C、SAT1、SAT2、SAT3以及Asia 1型。各血清型没有交叉免疫性,同血清型的各亚型之间仅有部分交叉免疫性。目前国内流行的病毒以O、A、和亚洲I型这三个血清型为主。口蹄疫的预防以免疫接种为首要措施,接种时应考虑疫苗株与流行株意愿同源性,同时还应考虑母源抗体水平等因素的影响。     

为什么许多猪场都不赢利

引发口蹄疫的病毒属小RNA病毒科口蹄疫病毒属口蹄疫病毒,病毒粒子直径为20 nm~25 nm,近似圆形,呈二十面体,无囊膜。病原血清主要分A、O、C、SAT1、SAT2、SAT3以及Asia 1型。各血清型没有交叉免疫性,同血清型的各亚型之间仅有部分交叉免疫性。目前国内流行的病毒以O、A、和亚洲I型这三个血清型为主。口蹄疫的预防以免疫接种为首要措施,接种时应考虑疫苗株与流行株意愿同源性,同时还应考虑母源抗体水平等因素的影响。     

口蹄疫诊断技术的研究进展

口蹄疫(FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,该病传播速度快,宿主范围广,发病率高,主要侵害猪、牛、羊等70多种家畜和野生动物,人对其也敏感,给养殖业造成巨大的经济损失,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为A类传染病之首。口蹄疫病毒基因组为单股正链RNA,约有8 500个核苷酸,病毒衣壳由4种结构蛋白(VP1、VP2、VP3和VP4)组成,其中VP1和VP3是主要免疫性抗原。口蹄疫病毒具有7个血清型,即O、A、C、SAT1、SAT2、SAT3和AsiaⅠ,每个血清型又     

2021年全球口蹄疫流行状况及特点

根据世界动物卫生组织（WOAH）全球动物卫生数信息据库（WAHIS）和世界口蹄疫参考实验室（WRLFMD）数据,统计分析2021年全球口蹄疫流行状况及特点。2021年全球有27个国家和地区（亚洲17个、非洲9个、欧洲1个）报告发生口蹄疫疫情或分离到口蹄疫病毒,累计报告疫情1 778起,发病动物14.2万头/只。全球口蹄疫疫情主要集中在亚洲和非洲,其中巴基斯坦、伊朗、沙特、蒙古国、南非等国家疫情严重;全年各月份均有疫情报告,其中5—6月报告疫情最多;羊和牛病例数居多,合计占总病例数的97.0%;O型口蹄疫疫情分布广泛,表明该型病毒是亚非地区的优势血清型;不同血清型毒株流行区域有进一步扩大趋势。综上,2021年亚非局部地区口蹄疫流行依然严重,全球实现无口蹄疫的目标任务依然艰巨。全球疫情形势提示,我国需要按照国家口蹄疫防治计划持续做好口蹄疫防控,逐步推进口蹄疫免疫无疫区建设工作。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.