International pesticide use information system for exporting vegetables and fruit

Abstract

An online information system was developed to allow US growers to search pesticide application information for export of vegetables and fruits. By entering an export country, a crop name, pesticide type, and post harvest interval, a user can obtain a list of pesticides labeled for the crop, the pesticides suitable for use with export, and the associated pesticide application restriction (PAR) information for each pesticide in the recommended list. A relational database (Microsoft SQL Server 2000) was used to house the PAR data, pesticide labels, and pesticide maximum residue limit information (MRL). These data were obtained from governmental agencies and international organizations. The data were then entered into the system using an online data entry system developed using ColdFusion programming language. The database currently contains the registration information for over 1,100 pesticides, 20,000 MRL data entries, and 20,000 PAR entries. New data are updated frequently. The project web site is http://cipm.ncsu.edu/exportMRL.     

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诱导防御反应是植物抵御害虫为害的一种重要机制。在这一防御机制中,各种化学激发子,包括植食性昆虫相关分子模式、植物激素及其类似物、植物激发子多肽等发挥着重要作用。合理开发利用这些化学激发子,可望帮助植物建立一种天然的防御体系,从而降低害虫种群密度、减轻害虫为害,减少化学农药使用量。本文将主要对诱导植物抗虫性的化学激发子的最新研究成果进行概述,并展示利用化学激发子防控田间作物害虫的最新研究案例,提出亟待解决的问题,以促进化学激发子在作物害虫防控中的应用。     

森林植物检疫管理信息系统的研究

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旱作农业区化学节水专家系统的研制

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青海省干旱预警服务系统设计与建立

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河北省蝗虫气象预测信息服务系统

根据河北省蝗虫发生的特点和防治需求,建立了河北省蝗虫气象预测信息服务业务系统。它具有气象和蝗虫查询统计服务、预测服务和咨询服务三大功能。该系统的建立与应用,提高了蝗虫气象系列化综合服务水平,可为河北省蝗虫防治决策提供可靠的信息与服务。     

陕西省土壤数据库的设计研究

利用GIS图形与属性数据的强大管理分析功能,构造土壤数据库系统E-R模型,确定陕西省土壤空间数据库的主要内容及其与属性数据库的关联方法.在此基础上,建立了功能强大,实用性强,操作简单的土壤数据库系统,并提出了数据库系统需要进一步研究拓展的方向.该方法可为陕西土壤资源开发利用提供参考.     

北京市农作物病虫害远程预警信息系统构建

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Safety behavior in pesticide use among farmers of northern Greece: the role of information sources

BACKGROUND

Farmers' compliance with common safety practices in pesticide use (i.e., keeping records of pesticide applications, reading the information of pesticide labels, and taking protective measures during pesticide handling) and the use of information sources about pesticides were studied in a simple random sample of farmers in Evros Province, northern Greece.

RESULTS

According to the three common safety practices considered in the study, most farmers (56.9%) complied with safety practices. Nevertheless, a noticeable proportion of the farmers never kept records of pesticide applications (33.9%), never read the information of pesticide labels (20.2%), and never took protective measures during pesticide handling (24.8%). Farmers reported using up to six different sources of information about pesticides, but the majority (51.4%) reported using up to one source and almost one-third (33.9%) relied on own sources. The most common information source about pesticides was the staff of the agricultural supply stores, used by 88.1% of the farmers. Safety behavior was positively correlated with total sources of information (P < 0.01) and information by the agricultural supply stores (P < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that safety behavior was reduced in females, whereas it was increased in farmers with high education, high number of plots, and high level of information sources.

CONCLUSION

Despite good levels of safety behavior by most farmers, keeping records of sprayings should be improved. Using multiple information sources about pesticides is crucial to improve safety behavior of farmers. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

中国农作物有害生物监控信息系统的建立与应用

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化学覆盖与干湿变化对玉米生长及水分利用效率的影响

采用干旱防雨棚下盆栽的方法,研究不同土壤含水量下土壤表面化学覆盖对玉米抗旱成苗及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明,利用保水剂和土壤改良剂PAM进行土壤表面覆盖能够提高玉米出苗率,有效降低土表蒸发,同时土壤干湿变化对玉米的生长更为有利,它可以引起强烈的生长补偿效应。     

中国外来入侵种预警信息系统的建立

外来物种的入侵对生态系统和人类生活造成了严重的危害.目前以实验方法对其进行的理论探讨尚十分缺乏.这一全球问题的解决需要广泛的基础数据库和信息交流.我们通过清查文献,运用Microsoft Visual FoxPro 6.0建立了外来有害动物数据库,包含外来有害动物名录数据库、外来有害动物文献数据库、有害动物背景资料库、引入外来动物文献数据库、专家名录库这五部分内容.数据库系统包含查询、编辑、打印、分类浏览、网络链接等各种功能.并建立起中国生物入侵网,以期加强交流.通过数据综合,利用统计分析探讨生物入侵过程中的一些规律,为预警和决策提供参考.     

土地资源信息系统数据库的设计研究 --以乾县试区为例

建立土地资源信息系统可以为合理开发土地资源提供信息来源与最佳方案，而数据库的设计是建立土地资源信息系统最关键部分。以乾县试区为例，应用Visual FoxPro与ARC／INFO建立基于Windows平台的黄土高原区土地资源信息系统数据库，并在此基础上设计了数据库管理系统，为建立水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱区的土地资源信息系统奠定基础。     

基于VB的甘肃石羊河流域水资源管理信息系统设计

介绍了石羊河流域水资源管理信息系统建立的必要性和初步设计方案,包括系统目标设计、系统结构设计、系统概念设计等。该系统的建立可提高流域管理工作效率和水平,使该流域水资源管理工作进一步规范化。     

Physical, chemical and environmental properties of selected chemical alternatives for the pre-plant use of methyl bromide as soil fumigant

Production and use of methyl bromide, a soil fumigant, are being restricted because of this chemical's deleterious effects on stratospheric ozone concentrations. Several products, some of which are currently used as soil fumigants, are being considered as possible replacements for methyl bromide, alone and in various combinations. Among these, 1,3-dichloropropene, methyl isothiocyanate generators such as metam-sodium, and chloropicrin are currently registered, while others such as methyl iodide and sodium azide are at different stages of the registration process. This review examines physicochemical properties, environmental fate, and metabolism of the various potential methyl bromide replacement products.     

Plant pest risk information system (PPRIS) for USDA-APHIS: design of a functional prototype

The Plant Pest Risk Information System (PPRIS) is a computerized decision-support system for plant pest risk assessment in the USA, being developed for use by personnel of the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). PPRIS is being designed to retrieve information from such diverse sources as: EPPO PQ database, USDA-Agricultural Research Service's (ARS) Fungi on Plants and Plant Products database, bibliographic databases on compact disc media, on-line INTERNET databases and risk assessment documents. PPRIS will offer access to a wide variety of risk assessment processes. A PPRIS evaluation prototype was created in Visual Basic ver. 3.0 operating in a Windows 3.1 environment. EPPO-PQ and ARS-Fungi databases were imported and stored in ORACLE ver. 6.0. Query functionality of the prototype was tested by retrieving information from the two internal ORACLE databases. The PPRIS evaluation prototype provides interfaces to the CABPEST bibliographic compact disc and to communication software for on-line database searches. Three risk assessment processes were incorporated into the evaluation prototype: the decision sheet, generic risk assessment and enhanced hazard identification. The evaluation prototype also includes access to Wordperfect for Windows through the Windows Program Manager for storage and retrieval of risk assessment documents.     

基于WebGIS的农田土壤推荐施肥信息系统的初步设计与应用

为了满足提高农业经济效益和生态效益的要求,研究开发了基于WebGIS的农田土壤推荐施肥信息系统.该系统将因特网和GIS技术相结合,应用于农田土壤推荐施肥服务,具有很强的数据采集、施肥信息查询、专题分析、施肥决策、后期预测等功能;人机界面十分友好,可视化程度高,操作简便;通用性好,适用于不同地区的农田土壤推荐施肥服务.     

Problems associated with the use of pesticides: Taints

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