Determination of γ-globulin in dog serum by glutaraldehyde

The serum y-globulin level is a function of the production of immunoglobulins (activity of the lymphoid system) and their catabolism (catab-olized by the liver). The demonstration of elevated serum y-globulin is therefore helpful in detection of chronic infections and hepatic or biliary disorders.
A semiquantitative test for y-globulin in canine serum is described. Dilute glutaraldehyde solutions polymerize the most basic serum proteins (γ-globulins) coagulating the serum. 'The γ-globulin test is performed simply by mixing the reagent' (6 % glutaraldehyde) with serum in the proportion of 1:10. The coagulation time is inversely correlated to the γ-globulin content in the sera. Hyper γ-globulinaemic sera will coagulate within 3 minutes.     

Origin of serum alkaline phosphatase in the dog.

The origin of canine serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was investigated by various means. On the basis of electrophoretic migration, neuraminidase treatment, thermal denaturation, and chromatographic fractionation, canine serum was found to contain ALP principally of hepatic origin. There was evidence of only a minor portion of ALP being of osseous origin. Intestinal ALP was not detected in canine serum when monitored by immunochemical technique, L-phenylalanine inhibition, and thermal denaturation.     

Effect of serum on lymphocyte blastogenesis I. Basic characteristics of action by diseased dog serum

The immunoregulatory effect of serum on phytomitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis was studied in 4 sera from diseased dogs and 1 serum from a clinically healthy dog. The results indicated that: (1) Each of the diseased animals responded to the given infection with a specific pattern of blastogenesis inhibition. (2) The blastogenesis suppression $\text{in vitro}$ was proportional to the content of the suppressive serum in the medium. (3) A simultaneous presence of the mitogen and the suppressing “serum's lymphocyte immunoregulatory factors” (SLIF) was necessary for inducing blastogenesis suppression. (4) The suppressive sera most probably acted directly on the cells. (5) The final effect of the sera on lymphocyte blastogenesis was a result of an orchestrated action of blastogenesis-supporting, augmenting, and suppressing SLIF cooperating with the mitogen. (6) The suppressive pattern varied with the individual peripheral blood lymphocytes populations used in the test. (7) The blastogenesis-suppressing SLIF was heat-stable, noncytotoxic, and was not or only partially removable by absorption with peripheral blood lymphocytes. (8) The testing of SLIF activities required the use of various animal lymphocytes and a relatively complex setup of mitogens and control serum combinations for correct interpretations.     

Reliability of the glutaraldehyde test to measure gamma-globulin levels in foals and the use of this test to check colostrum intake of foals

The glutaraldehyde coagulation test is a semi-quantitative test used to determine the gammaglobulin concentration in serum. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of the different modifications of this test by determining the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and the prevalence of hypogammaglobulinemia in foals. The results of the glutaraldehyde coagulation test were compared with the serum gammaglobulin concentration as a reference value, determined by measuring total serum protein and the serum protein spectrum. It was concluded that the glutaraldehyde coagulation test is a suitable test to use in the field for determining the serum gammaglobulin concentration in foals. The test has good sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value when using a 5% glutaraldehyde solution and when results are evaluated at 30 minutes for a serum concentration of 8 g/l and at 50 minutes for a serum concentration of 5.5 g/l, a concentration below which therapy is recommended.     

Correlation of periovulatory serum and fecal progestins in the domestic dog.

This study was initiated to determine the relationship between canine ovarian steroids detected in serum and feces during the periovulatory interval in domestic dogs, and to examine the feasibility of a non-invasive method to estimate the time of ovulation in canid species. When bitches (n = 14) were observed to enter proestrus (based on vulvar enlargement or serosanguineous vaginal discharge), paired daily serum and fecal samples were collected for a 15- to 20-day period and stored at -20 degrees C. After extraction, progestin concentrations in both substrates were measured using an established enzyme immunoassay procedure. All samples were aligned to Day 0, the first day in which fecal progestins reached a sustained rise above 100 ng/g feces. Mean fecal progestin concentrations increased in parallel with mean serum progesterone values (r = 0.78), rising from 44.6+/-2.6 ng/g feces to 409.6+/-90.9 ng/g feces, and 5.4+/-0.9 nmol/L to 81.2+/-18.5 nmol/L, on Day -5 and Day 5, respectively. Individual fecal progestin concentrations varied markedly, but plotted against serum progesterone concentrations demonstrated correlation coefficients ranging from 0.41 to 0.97 (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that sequential changes in domestic dog serum ovarian steroid concentrations are paralleled in the feces, and that it is feasible to non-invasively monitor individual progestin changes in the periovulatory interval using fecal hormone analysis.     

Measurement of serum interleukin-10 in the dog

The objective was to evaluate independently the reliability of a commercially available canine serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and to investigate canine serum IL-10 concentrations in healthy dogs, in dogs with a naturally-occurring acute phase reaction and in dogs following surgical stimulus by assessing intra- and interassay imprecision, inaccuracy and detection limits. Median (and range) serum IL-10 concentrations (ng/L) in the various groups were as follows: healthy dogs (n=15), 18.9 (11.2-71.5); dogs with pyometra (n=9), 37.9 (12.4-201.8); dogs with angiostrongylosis (n=8), 20.29 (14.3-108.7) and values in dogs following surgical stimulus (n=15), 14.8 (10.7-65.8). The assay measured canine serum IL-10 reliably (intra- and interassay imprecision 4.9-8.3% and 9.9-10.9%, respectively; detection limit 10.7 ng/L with no significant inaccuracy). No significant increases in IL-10 were observed following surgical stimulus and no difference in IL-10 was observed between the diagnostic groups. IL-10 values showed a higher degree of variation in dogs with an inflammatory response, i.e. those with elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, compared to healthy dogs. As anticipated, healthy dogs had low levels of both analytes, whereas dogs with an acute phase response had IL-10 levels with no clear relationship to CRP concentrations, with observed low IL-10 values even when there was a marked inflammatory response.     

Determination of the source of relaxin immunoreactivity during pregnancy in the dog.

We investigated the source of immunoreactive relaxin (IR) in the dog during pregnancy using the following: (1) controls, (2) dogs ovariectomized during pregnancy and maintained on progesterone, (3) dogs hysterectomized during pregnancy or immediately postpartum, (4) corpora lutea, uteri, and placentas collected at various times during pregnancy for determination of IR, and (5) maternal (overian and uterine vein) and fetal (cardiac) blood and amniotic and allantoic fluid. Plasma IR patterns remained unchanged in animals subjected to ovariectomy, whereas in the controls IR was first detected at about Day 20 of pregnancy, peaked on Day 35, and was then remained at the same level until parturition. Hysterectomy, on the other hand, resulted in IR values becoming undetectable within 2 to 3 days. The highest tissue concentrations of IR were found in the placenta. These findings indicate that the source of relaxin in the pregnant dog is the placenta.     

The estimation of serum alkaline phosphatase in the dog

Abstract— Four readily available methods for the estimation of serum alkaline phosphatase have been compared using dog sera with varying levels of the enzyme's activity. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to adapt two of the newer methods which are available commercially to permit simple visual assessments to be made without using an absorbtiometer. Résumé— Quatre méthodes aisément disponibles pour l'évaluation de la phosphatase de sérum alcalin ont été comparées en utilisant des sérums de chien à des niveaux différents d'activité de l'enzyme. Il a été démontré qu'il est possible d'adapter deux des méthodes plus nouvelles disponibles dans le commerce pour permettre de faire des évaluations visuelles sans utiliser un absorptiomètre. Zusammenfassung— Vier leicht zugängliche Methoden zur Schätzung von Serum-Alkaliphos-phatase wurden unter Verwendung von Hundeserum mit unterschiedlichen Spiegeln in der Enzym-aktivität vergliechen. Es wurde die Möglichkeit erwiesen, zwei der neuesten, verfügbaren Methoden durch kommerzielle Anpassung zu verwenden, urn einfache, visuelle Bewertungen ohne Benutzung eines Absorptiometers zu gestatten.     

高效液相色谱法检测奶牛血清中脂肪酸浓度

为了建立奶牛血清中脂肪酸检测方法,采用高效液相色谱法,异丙醇-正庚烷-2 mol/L磷酸(80∶20∶2)提取,正庚烷萃取,2-溴苯乙酮衍生化,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-水梯度洗脱,流速0.45 mL/min,色谱柱为Inert Sustain C18分析柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3μm),紫外检测波长为244 nm。结果显示:二十碳五烯酸(C20∶5,EPA)、豆蔻酸(C14∶0)、二十二碳六烯酸(C22∶6, DHA)、花生四烯酸(C20∶4,AA)、亚油酸(C18∶2)、棕榈酸(C16∶0)、油酸(C18∶1)、正-十七烷酸(C17∶0)、硬脂酸(C18∶0)可以完全分离,峰形良好,精密度RSD≤2.96%,回收率在96%～99%之间。本方法稳定、可靠,适用于奶牛血清中脂肪酸浓度的检测。     

警犬技术"破大案、管小案"案例选(八)

"高妮汉" 搜索发现失踪者 2009年7月25日中午12时许,陕西省铜川市耀州区公安局小坵派出所向市局刑警支队报称,7月23日晚,该所辖区原党村村民蒋某某外出逮蝎子,至今查无音讯.     

警犬技术"破大案、管小案"案例选(四)

湖南衡阳警犬参破多起电缆被盗案 湖南省衡阳市公安局刑侦支队 2009年1月10日凌晨1时许,湖南省衡阳市电信公司某机房通信电缆1035米处发出被盗割的警报.