某养鸡场禽霍乱分离菌对常用抗菌药物的敏感性研究

从六安地区某养鸡场禽霍乱病鸡上分离到株禽多杀性巴氏杆菌,采用纸片扩散法和试管稀释法分别测定了青霉素钾、土霉素、硫酸卡那霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸链霉素、复方新诺明、甲砜霉素、氟哌酸、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星等10种药物对分离菌的体外抗菌活性。结果表明分离到的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌对青霉素钾和土霉素耐药;对硫酸卡那霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸链霉素、甲砜霉素、氟哌酸敏感;对复方新诺明、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星极敏感。两种测定方法得到的结果一致。因此复方新诺敏、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星可作为目前该发病场防治禽霍乱的首选药物。     

禽霍乱病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从晋中种鸡场的发病鸡采集病料，经过涂片镜检、细菌分离培养、生化试验、动物接种，确诊该批鸡患有鸡霍乱并从病鸡上分离到1株禽多杀性巴氏杆菌，采用纸片扩散法和试管稀释法分别测定了青霉素钾、土霉素、硫酸卡那霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸链霉素、甲砜霉素、氟哌酸、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星等9种药物对分离菌的体外抗菌活性。结果表明分离到的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌对青霉素钾和土霉素耐药；对硫酸卡那霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸链霉素、甲砜霉素、氟哌酸敏感；对环丙沙星和恩诺沙星极敏感。结合临床症状及实验室诊断，确诊此次疾病为多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的禽霍乱。     

三株鸭源荚膜A型多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

从疑似禽霍乱死亡鸭分离到3株细菌,经PCR法鉴定为荚膜A型多杀性巴氏杆菌,纸片法进行药物敏感试验,发现3株细菌同时敏感的药物有恩诺沙星、多黏菌素B、复方新诺明和头孢唑啉,3株细菌同时耐受的药物有链霉素、四环素、克林霉素和青霉素。本研究结果可为禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌的血清流行病学和禽霍乱的临床治疗提供参考。     

雉鸡多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离及其药敏试验

对黑龙江省铁力市某珍禽养殖场发生疑似禽巴氏杆菌病对发病雉鸡进行了细菌分离,通过染色、镜检与生化特性等试验鉴定为多杀性巴氏杆菌。经菌株的药敏试验以及致病性试验,结果表明对头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考、新生霉素、复方新诺明、三甲氧苄胺嘧啶为敏感药,对氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、青霉素、链霉素不敏感。     

腹泻肉仔鸡肠道中致病菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从开发区周边一些肉仔鸡养殖场采集腹泻病死鸡的病料,经培养特性和细菌形态观察,生化鉴定,结合临床症状及流行病学特点,最终确定主要病原菌有沙门氏杆菌和多杀性巴氏杆菌。并用12种药物做了药敏试验,结果多杀性巴氏杆菌对恩诺沙星、阿米卡星、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素高度敏感;对青霉素、链霉素、四环素、土霉素、磺胺六甲氧嘧啶中度敏感;对氟哌酸、卡那霉素、红霉素耐药。而沙门氏杆菌对阿米卡星、卡那霉素高度敏感;对四环素、磺胺六甲氧嘧啶、左氧氟沙星中度敏感;对青霉素、链霉素、四环素、土霉素、红霉素、恩诺沙星、氟哌酸耐药。     

猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌分离鉴定与药敏试验

2013年3月,迁安市某猪场2月龄仔猪发生一起以呼吸困难为主要临床表现的疾病,无菌采集病猪肺脏、心血等组织进行病原分离培养,经形态特征、培养特性、生化特性鉴定初步确定为多杀性巴氏杆菌,经对多杀性巴氏杆菌种特异性KMT基因的PCR检测,测序结果运用BLAST软件比对,与多杀性巴氏杆菌同源性为100%。动物致病性试验表明分离菌株有致病性。药敏试验显示分离菌株对复方新诺明、庆大霉素、卡那霉素耐药,对氟哌酸、土霉素中度敏感,对头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、阿莫西林抗菌药物敏感。     

禽霍乱多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定

确定某鸭场疑似禽霍乱病的病原种类,为其临床用药提供参考。采用细菌分离技术对病原菌进行实验室分离培养,对分离到的病原菌进行了鉴定、动物攻毒试验、药敏试验和基因分型。结果显示,分离菌20170549具有多杀性巴氏杆菌典型培养特征,菌落形态和菌体染色特征、生理生化特性,基因测序结果均与多杀性巴氏杆菌相符;该菌株对小鼠有强致病性;分离株对头孢噻呋、甲砜霉素、硫酸黏菌素、阿米卡星、恩诺沙星、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、多西环素、氟苯尼考高敏;采用5对分型引物对分离菌进行基因分型,结果仅扩增到大小为1 050bp的目的基因片段,与A型结果相符。研究结果可为禽霍乱的防控提供参考。     

三例禽巴氏杆菌病的诊断

通过对广州郊区3个发病鸡场进行病原菌的分离培养、涂片镜检、生化特性鉴定、致病性、药敏等试验,结果表明,分离的5株菌为多杀性巴氏杆菌,诊断为禽巴氏杆菌病.其对壮观霉素、呋喃妥因、头孢三嗪均高度敏感,对卡那霉素、红霉素、新霉素、痢特灵、头孢噻肟均中度敏感,对四环素、氟哌酸、杆菌肽、链霉素、林可霉素、青霉素、庆大霉素均低度敏...     

产蛋绍鸭感染巴氏杆菌的诊治

对前来我县兽医站就诊的220日龄的产蛋绍鸭突然发病死亡的病例,根据病史和流行病学的调查、临床症状、剖检的病变以及细菌分离培养、染色镜检、生化试验和药敏试验等实验室诊断,确诊该鸭群发病是由于感染禽巴氏杆菌所致。药敏试验结果表明:该分离菌对氨苄西林、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、复方新诺明、卡那霉素、氟苯尼考高度敏感;对环丙沙星、强力霉素、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星中度敏感;对青霉素、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢氨苄低敏。选用敏感抗菌药物进行治疗,防治效果明显。     

2型鸭疫里氏杆菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验

从扬州郊区发病鹅场分离到1株细菌,经分离培养、染色镜检、生化特性鉴定确定为鸭疫里氏杆菌,玻片凝集试验确认分离菌株的血清型为2型。药敏试验表明,对阿莫西林、头孢拉啶、先锋Ⅴ、青霉素G、强力霉素敏感;对四环素中敏;对链霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氯霉素、庆大霉素、氟哌酸、红霉素、罗红霉素、壮观霉素、复方新诺明、利福平、阿奇霉素等药物不敏感。选择阿莫西林敏感药物进行及时治疗,有效地控制了疫情的蔓延。     

长毛兔巴氏杆菌病诊断与防控

2013年5月从山东某大型长毛兔场患有以鼻炎和化脓性肺炎为主要临床特征的病免中分离到1株细菌,经细菌培养、染色镜检、生化试验、PCR鉴定、动物试验证实分离菌株为荚膜血清A型巴氏杆菌;药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对替米考星、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、头孢噻呋钠、阿莫西林等药物敏感;通过设计3个试验组:巴氏杆菌本场疫苗免疫试验组、恩诺沙星防治试验组、巴氏杆菌本场疫苗免疫与恩诺沙星联用试验组,每组500只长毛兔,连续观察30 d,结果发现巴氏杆菌本场疫苗免疫与恩诺沙星联用试验组对该病的防控取得了较为理想的防治效果.     

D型多杀性巴氏杆菌和绵羊肺炎支原体引起山羊的混合感染

2018年9月广西某羊场部分山羊发生流涕、咳嗽、呼吸困难和体温升高等临床症状的疾病,为确诊发病原因并提供治疗方案,采用病原分离培养、PCR扩增鉴定的方法进行诊断,并对分离菌进行生化鉴定、致病性试验和药敏试验。结果显示,病料在血平板有圆形的小菌落生长,革兰阴性小球短杆菌,而在PPLO培养基上不生长;病料的PCR扩增结果显示绵羊肺炎支原体和多杀性巴氏杆菌均为阳性;所分离到的病原菌经生化鉴定,该菌符合多杀性巴氏杆菌的特性;用多杀性巴氏杆菌种属和D型多杀性巴氏杆菌特异性引物扩增为阳性;致病性试验显示该菌对小鼠有很强的致病性;药敏试验显示该菌对头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、氧氟沙星高度敏感,对复方新诺明、强力霉素、红霉素、青霉素为耐药。结果表明该病是由绵羊肺炎支原体和D型多杀性巴氏杆菌混合感染引起。     

复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的体外抑菌效果

采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)测定复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的敏感性,采用试管倍比稀释法测定复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明,病原性大肠埃希菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鸡巴氏杆菌、猪巴氏杆菌和链球菌对复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉敏感,复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的MIC为0.0279μg/mL~3.575μg/mL,MBC为0.055μg/mL~7.11μg/mL。     

In vitro susceptibility of selected veterinary bacterial pathogens to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin were tested for approximately ten clinical isolates of each of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Actinomyces pyogenes, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Haemophilus parasuis, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin had similar activity and were more active than norfloxacin. All isolates had an MIC of 1.0 microgram/mL or less for ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and these drugs had particularly marked activity against the gram-negative bacteria tested.     

Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns among Indian Strains of Avian Pasteurella multocida

An investigation was carried out to study the antibiotic sensitivity of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida and to select an effective antimicrobial agent for control of avian pasteurellosis in India. A total of 123 strains of P. multocida recently isolated from different avian species (chicken, duck, turkey, quail, and goose), from different regions of India were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests using 20 different antibiotics. Absolute resistance was observed against sulfadiazine. The studies indicated that the strains were most sensitive to chloramphenicol (73.98%), followed by enrofloxacin (71.54%), lincomycin (64.23%), norfloxacin (61.79%) and doxycycline-HCl (56.91%). The majority of the strains were found to exhibit intermediate sensitivity. Chloramphenicol was selected and suggested for treatment. Antibiogram studies also revealed the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of P. multocida among Indian poultry.     

恩诺沙星在健康及巴氏杆菌感染鸡体内的药物代谢动力学研究

健康及巴氏杆菌感染鸡 (10CFUC4 8- 1多杀性巴氏杆菌 /只鸡 ,im)按 5mg/kg恩诺沙星单次im后 ,采用反相高效液相色谱法检测用药后不同时间点的血浆药物浓度。结果表明 ,恩诺沙星在健康及巴氏杆菌感染鸡体内的消除均符合二室开放模型。巴氏杆菌感染可显著加速鸡体内恩诺沙星的消除 ,推测可能与感染鸡体内巴氏杆菌裂解后产生的内毒素有关。内毒素可刺激骨髓产生大量白细胞 ,而恩诺沙星又恰恰能在吞噬细胞中富集 ,且在富集后可迅速向周围炎性组织中释放 ,因此导致血中药物浓度下降。提示在应用恩诺沙星预防、治疗细菌性疾病时 ,利用其在健康鸡体内的药物动力学参数指导临床用药 ,有时是不适宜的。     

猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌PCR鉴定方法的建立

为建立一种灵敏、特异的猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌PCR检测方法,根据GenBank已公布的多杀性巴氏杆菌plpE基因序列的保守片段设计合成引物,经plpE基因阳性质粒构建、反应条件的优化、特异性试验和敏感性试验,对猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌特异性PCR检测方法进行了研究;并将该PCR方法用于检测来自四川省6个规模化猪场的64份疑似多杀性巴氏杆菌肺部组织样品。结果显示,建立的PCR方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,检测的敏感性为5×101拷贝的目的基因;多杀性巴氏杆菌(A、B、D血清型)PCR均为阳性、APP和HPS等病原均为阴性;64份临床疑似样品中检出36份样品阳性,阳性检出率为56.2%。以plpE基因初步建立的多杀性巴氏杆菌PCR检测方法具有较好的特异性、重复性、敏感性和可靠性,可用于多杀性巴氏杆菌的检测鉴定。     

1株猪源病原菌的分离鉴定及部分生物学特性研究

通过对一起病死猪的实验室诊断 ,从病猪心血、脏器中分离到了 1株对小白鼠和家兔都具有较强致病性的细菌。经显微镜观察、培养特性观察、生化特征鉴定 ,此菌为多杀性巴氏杆菌 ,但此菌与其他多杀性巴氏杆菌不同的是它能利用水杨素、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖。 O抗原琼脂扩散试验鉴定此菌菌体抗原为 O1型 ;Carter间接血凝试验法检验荚膜抗原类型此菌为 A型。体外滤纸扩散法检验此巴氏杆菌对药物敏感性 ,试验表明该菌耐青霉素、土霉素、四环素、磺胺嘧啶、痢特灵、阿米卡星、头孢唑啉 ;但对庆大霉素、卡那霉素、盐酸环丙沙星、氟哌酸敏感 ,对氨苄西林 ,链霉素中度敏感。自制灭活苗进行免疫原性实验检测 ,本分离菌疫苗对小白鼠和家兔保护率约为 70 % ,而市售巴氏杆菌疫苗对小白鼠和家兔保护率约为 3 0 %～ 40 %。     

猪链球菌2型分离株的生物学特性试验

对从济南某猪场急性死亡的病例中分离得到的阳性球菌进行了形态学观察、生化试验、PCR鉴定及序列测定,药敏试验结果显示该分离菌的形态、培养特性及生化特性符合链球菌2型的特点。PCR扩增出现长度为675bp的目的条带,其核苷酸序列与Genebank中猪链球菌2型参考菌株的同源性高达98%～100%。药敏试验表明该分离菌株对复方新诺明、氨苄西林、恩诺沙星、青霉素、万古霉素、阿莫西林高度敏感。动物致病性试验表明能100%致死小白鼠。     

Comparative quantification of the in vitro activity of veterinary fluoroquinolones

The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the veterinary fluoroquinolones against a panel of recently isolated porcine and bovine bacterial pathogens. The study used enrofloxacin as a benchmark against which other agents were compared, being the most common fluoroquinolone used in treatment of bovine and porcine infections. The activity of ciprofloxacin was also assessed as it is the main metabolite of enrofloxacin in cattle. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin generally showed higher antibacterial activity, in terms of MIC(50) values, for most pathogen species when compared with marbofloxacin, difloxacin, danofloxacin and norfloxacin. Ciprofloxacin showed significantly greater in vitro antibacterial activity than enrofloxacin against M. haemolytica, P. multocida and E. coli, whereas enrofloxacin showed greater activity than ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. Marbofloxacin was significantly more active than enrofloxacin against M. haemolytica, E. coli and B. bronchiseptica but less active against P. multocida, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, A. pleuropneumoniae and S. suis. Danofloxacin was significantly less active than enrofloxacin against P. multocida, E. coli, S. uberis, A. pleuropneumoniae and S. suis. Enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin showed the highest in vitro activities against most bovine pathogens tested and the porcine pathogens also showed a high degree of sensitivity to enrofloxacin. These data facilitate further pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic comparison of fluoroquinolones currently used in veterinary medicine.