补饲不同能氮比精料对牧区冬春季羔羊营养物质消化及瘤胃发酵的影响

本试验旨在研究牧区冬春季低质粗饲料供给下,补饲不同能氮比精料对断奶羔羊营养物质消化及瘤胃发酵的影响.选取(61±2)日龄健康、体重为(20.56±1.43) kg的断奶羔羊128只,随机分成4组,每组32只,公母各占1/2.4组羔羊分别补饲消化能(DE)水平相近,粗蛋白质(CP)含量逐渐升高的4种精料,其能氮比(采用DE/CP)分别为90.03(Ⅰ组)、82.55(Ⅱ组)、73.25(Ⅲ组)、67.87 MJ/kg(Ⅳ组).试验期40 d.结果表明:1)补饲不同能氮比的精料,各组羔羊干物质采食量没有显著差异(P＞0.05);CP表现消化率Ⅲ组比Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别提高了17.26％、23.84％ (P＜0.05);中性洗涤纤维(NDF)表观消化率出现先增加后降低的趋势(0.05≤P＜0.10),其中Ⅲ组最高为63.13％;钙表观消化率Ⅲ组比Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别增加了8.52％、4.13％(P＜0.05).2)虽然瘤胃液pH组间没有出现显著差异(P＞0.05),但Ⅳ组氨态氮(NH3-H)浓度显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05).3)补饲不同能氮比精料对总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度以及丙酸和丁酸含量有显著影响(P＜0.05),趋于显著影响乙酸含量、乙酸/丙酸(0.05≤P＜0.10).Ⅰ组乙酸含量、乙酸/丙酸低于其他组(P＞0.05);Ⅰ组丙酸含量显著高于其他组(P＜0.05);TVFA浓度Ⅲ组比Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组分别低29.11％ (P＜0.05)、30.32％ (P＜0.05)、11.93％ (P＞0.05).总结得出,冬春季枯草期牧区羔羊补饲不同能氮比精料,营养物质表观消化率出现显著差异,能氮比为73.25 MJ/kg时,CP、NDF、钙的表观消化率达到最大值,且该能氮比条件有助于改善瘤胃发酵模式.     

不同饲粮结构对荷斯坦奶公犊生长发育及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲粮结构对荷斯坦奶公犊生长性能、屠宰性能及血清生化指标的影响。试验选取健康无病、体重(42±5)kg和日龄[(14±3)d]相近的奶公犊40头,随机分为4组,每组10头,并饲喂不同结构饲粮。试验Ⅰ组:代乳品+颗粒料+羊草;试验Ⅱ组:代乳品+羊草;试验Ⅲ组:代乳品+颗粒料;试验Ⅳ组:代乳品。预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:1)试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组末重和平均日增重显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。各组间料重比差异不显著(P>0.05),试验Ⅳ组料重比分别比试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组降低了31.10%、45.03%、41.70%。2)试验结束时,试验Ⅲ组体高、胸围显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组体高、胸围和臀高增长率显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。3)各组间屠宰性能指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)试验Ⅲ组肝脏重、肺脏重、肾脏重显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组肾脏重/空体重显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。5)试验结束时,试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组血清葡萄糖、尿素氮含量和谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组血清非酯化脂肪酸含量显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组血清甘油三酯含量显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组血清生长激素含量显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,代乳品+颗粒料的饲粮结构可以提高犊牛的生长性能,达到促进其生长发育的效果。     

饲粮胆汁酸水平对育成期貉生长性能、氮代谢及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮胆汁酸水平对育成期貉生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、氮代谢及血清生化指标的影响。选取50日龄公貉64只,随机分成4组,每组16个重复,每个重复1只。4组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(Ⅰ组)、100(Ⅱ组)、300(Ⅲ组)、500 mg/kg胆汁酸(Ⅳ组)的饲粮。正试期90 d。结果表明:1)Ⅱ组的末重显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组的料重比显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。2)Ⅱ组的干物质表观消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05);Ⅰ组的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组的粗蛋白质表观消化率极显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.01);Ⅰ组的粗脂肪表观消化率显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P0.05)。3)Ⅱ组和Ⅰ组的粪氮排出量显著低于Ⅳ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组的氮沉积显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05)。4)Ⅳ组的血清中尿素(UREA)含量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01);Ⅳ组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性极显著高于Ⅰ组(P 0.01),Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅱ组(P 0.05);Ⅳ组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅳ组血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清胆固醇(CHOL)含量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅳ组血清甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P0.01)。综上所述,本试验条件下,饲粮胆汁酸添加水平在100 mg/kg时,貉的生长性能、干物质表观消化率、粗蛋白质表观消化率、粗脂肪表观消化率和氮沉积较高,动物机体对蛋白质和脂肪吸收较好,对貉的生长更有利。     

精料补饲水平对锦江黄牛生长性能和瘤胃液理化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同精料补饲水平对锦江黄牛生产性能、瘤胃液理化指标和血液生化指标的影响。选择12头350 kg左右的健康锦江黄牛随机分为4组,每组3头,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组每头牛每天分别补饲1.0、2.0、3.0和4.0 kg精料,饲养试验预试期10 d,正式期60 d。试验结束后测定瘤胃液及血液生化指标。结果表明:试验Ⅳ组干物质采食量增加,显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),其日增重显著高于试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P0.05),Ⅳ组料重比显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的瘤胃液p H、氨态氮、乙酸浓度和乙丙比较低,总挥发酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度均显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅳ组血液葡萄糖浓度显著高于试验Ⅰ组,而血液尿素氮浓度相比显著降低(P0.05)。试验结果表明,综合锦江黄牛生产性能、瘤胃液理化指标和血液生化指标,确定每天补饲4 kg的精料较为适宜锦江黄牛的饲喂。     

饲粮蛋氨酸水平对配种前期雌性蓝狐营养物质消化率、氮代谢及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋氨酸水平对配种前期雌性蓝狐营养物质消化率、氮代谢及血清生化指标的影响。选择健康初产雌性北极狐150只,随机分为5组,每组30个重复,每个重复1只蓝狐。Ⅰ~Ⅴ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、0.26%、0.52%、0.78%和1.04%蛋氨酸的试验饲粮。预试期7d,正试期60d。结果表明:1)各组间干物质消化率和粗脂肪消化率差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅲ组粗蛋白质消化率显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.05)。2)各组食入氮量含量差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅴ组粪氮含量显著低于Ⅱ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组尿氮含量显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.05)。Ⅳ组氮沉积含量极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.01),Ⅲ组和Ⅴ组氮沉积含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.05)。3)大部分氨基酸表观消化率随着饲粮蛋氨酸水平的升高呈现升高的趋势。Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),各组间血清白蛋白和球蛋白含量差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅲ组血清总蛋白含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。由此可见,在蛋白质水平为29.31%的饲粮中添加0.52%蛋氨酸,即饲粮中蛋氨酸水平为1.03%时,配种前期雌性蓝狐的营养物质消化率和血清生化指标较为理想,并且满足配种前期雌性蓝狐的蛋氨酸需要量。     

不同蛋白营养水平精补料对黄渠桥羔羊生长育肥性能的影响

试验旨在研究不同蛋白营养水平精补料对隔栏补饲羔羊生长育肥性能的影响。采用随机分组试验设计,选择同期产羔母羊36只所生15日龄、体质量10 kg左右随母哺乳的滩寒杂种羔羊48只,随机分为4组,每组随母哺乳羔羊12只,每只羊为1个重复。羔羊与母羊隔栏补饲,羔羊精补料设4个蛋白营养水平,分别为13.10%、18.51%、23.84%和28.17%;哺乳母羊营养水平一致。结果表明:试验Ⅲ组净肉率极显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.01);Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的GR值显著高于Ⅳ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05)。4个组的平均料重比排序依次是Ⅲ组Ⅱ组Ⅰ组Ⅳ组;纯利润为Ⅲ组Ⅱ组Ⅳ组Ⅰ组。结果提示,试验Ⅲ组的饲料组成在成本控制和提质增效之间达到最佳平衡,选用蛋白水平28.17%的饲料组成补饲羔羊经济效益较高,可作为羔羊补饲环节的首选配方。     

补饲水平对甘肃高山细毛羊生产性能的影响

为了探讨补饲水平对高寒牧区甘肃高山细毛羊生产性能的影响,本研究选择12月龄甘肃高山细毛后备母羊48只,随机分为补饲Ⅰ组(颗粒饲料)、Ⅱ组[玉米(Zea mays)和苜蓿(Medicago sativa)干草]、Ⅲ组[玉米、苜蓿干草和燕麦(Avena sativa)干草]和对照组(不补饲),进行冬春季"放牧"+"补饲"试验,比较了后备母羊体重,剪毛量,毛纤维长度、细度、白度、强度和伸度等物理指标。结果表明,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组试验羊平均日增重分别比对照组高148.29%、133.09%、96.76%;剪毛量各组之间差异不显著(P0.05);自然长度和伸直长度对照组均极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P0.01),且自然长度Ⅰ组极显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P0.01),伸直长度Ⅲ组极显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.01),Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);细度(直径)Ⅰ组最大,Ⅰ组极显著高于对照组(P0.01),且显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);白度Ⅰ组最高,Ⅰ组显著高于对照组(P0.05),其他各组之间均差异不显著(P0.05);强度和伸度补饲组均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),且强度Ⅰ组极显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.01),伸度Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05)。由此可见,补饲对体重、羊毛品质都有显著正向影响,高寒牧区冬春季节牧草营养缺乏,为了满足羊只营养需要,使甘肃高山细毛羊后备母羊能在1.5岁进行配种繁殖,在冷季放牧的基础上补饲1号料为最佳选择。     

饲粮维生素A添加水平对育成期雄性蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮代谢及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮维生素A添加水平对育成期雄性蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮代谢及血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素试验设计,选择90只健康雄性蓝狐,随机分成6组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只。各组饲粮以干物质基础的维生素A添加水平分别为0(Ⅰ组)、5 000(Ⅱ组)、10 000(Ⅲ组)、15 000(Ⅳ组)、20 000(Ⅴ组)和25 000 IU/kg(Ⅵ组)。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)饲粮维生素A添加水平对蓝狐末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮维生素A添加水平对蓝狐干物质采食量、干物质排出量、干物质消化率和蛋白质消化率均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅲ组脂肪消化率显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组(P0.05)。3)饲粮维生素A添加水平对蓝狐食入氮、粪氮、尿氮、氮沉积、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅴ组血清尿素氮含量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅵ组(P0.05)。4)饲粮维生素A添加水平对蓝狐血清维生素D含量和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅵ组血清维生素A含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05),Ⅱ组血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组血清低密度脂蛋白含量显著低于Ⅴ和Ⅵ组(P0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组血清高密度脂蛋白含量显著高于Ⅵ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清甘油三酯含量显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05),显著低于Ⅴ和Ⅵ组(P0.05);Ⅰ组血清总胆固醇含量显著高于Ⅵ组(P0.05),显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组(P0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,饲粮添加5 000 IU/kg以上的维生素A对育成期蓝狐生长性能无显著影响,饲粮添加10 000 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了脂肪消化率。饲粮维生素A添加水平对育成期蓝狐血清生化指标有一定的影响。     

岷县黑裘皮羊羔羊补饲效果观察

为了提高岷县黑裘皮的生产性能,使其群体数量不再减少,本试验研究了以放牧为主的岷县黑裘皮羊羔羊在补饲精料情况下生长发育状况。T检验结果表明:羔羊经短期补饲精料后,在体高、体长、胸围、胸宽、管围、尾宽、尾长方面虽然比未补饲羔羊略高,但差异不显著(P0.05),只有放牧+补饲的羔羊体重比未补饲羔羊高出2.41kg,差异显著(P0.05);补饲羔羊只均盈利139.86元,比未补饲羔羊多收入9.56元,羔羊生产应适当补饲。     

野生盘羊杂交二代群体体型结构分化特征及回归分析

对216只野生盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交二代羔羊(75日龄)进行群体体型结构分化分析,用R语言K-mean进行聚类分析,按脂尾体积大小分成中尾(Ⅰ组)、肥尾(Ⅱ组)、小尾(Ⅲ组)和大尾(Ⅳ组)共4组,以分析脂尾显著差异的四组间体尺变异规律。结果表明:Ⅳ组试验羊的胸宽和胸围极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.01);Ⅱ组试验羊的胸围极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.01);Ⅰ组羔羊胸围显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05);在体重、体长、胸深、管围方面,4组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。构建体重和体尺指标之间的线性回归方程为:y=-17.055+0.294X1(体高)+0.231X2(体长)+0.098X3(胸围)+0.39X4(胸深)。研究结果显示,野生盘羊杂交二代75日龄羔羊群体之间产生了体型分化,主要表现在胸围和胸宽。     

桑树的遗传变异特点及在品种选育中的应用

我国具有悠久的桑树栽培历史,拥有3 000余份桑树种质资源,分属15个桑种和4个变种,并逐渐形成适应不同生长环境的8个生态类型。依据已有的研究结果,综述桑树遗传变异的特点包括:广泛分布、自然有性杂交和异花授粉以及缺乏稳定性选择等,促进了桑树的突变发生,形成遗传变异的多样性;无性繁殖方式产生了丰富的无性系变异;性状遗传值中非加性效应占有较大比例;无性系品种间杂种一代存在复杂的多样性分离和经济性状的普遍退化;存在丰富的多倍体系列和普遍的混倍现象等。对桑树品种选育研究提出建议:基于桑树的高度杂合习性,不仅要重视研究不同品种中加性效应在遗传值中所占比率,更要研究非加性效应所占比率及充分利用的方法;基于桑树遗传变异的多样性和丰富的无性系变异,加强无性系和田间选优育种;利用桑树混倍现象,将培育多倍体特别是三倍体品种作为一条有效的多倍体育种途径。     

Variation in quantity and quality of native forages and grazing behavior of cattle and goats in Tanzania

The study was conducted to assess the effects of seasonal variation in the quality and quantity of pasture and management of livestock exclosures (ngitili) on the grazing behavior of cattle and goats. The study was 2×2×2 factorial design with three independent variables: season (Dry or Rainy), ngitili management (Private or Communal) and animal species (Cattle or Goats). Focal and scan observation methods were used to record different behavioral activities. Vegetation attributes from the study areas were measured in two consecutive seasons. Most key forage species had significant higher crude protein (CP) content and in vitro organic matter digestibility (INVOMD) in rainy than in dry season (P<0.05), but Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) did not vary significantly with season (P>0.05). ADF and NDF were significantly higher in species from communal ngitili than those from private ngitili (P<0.05). Above-ground herbaceous biomass and bulk density (BD) were significantly higher in the rainy season and in the private ngitili than in the dry season and in the communal ngitili respectively. Cattle and goats spent considerably more time grazing and browsing respectively in the rainy season than in the dry season (P<0.05). Cattle foraging activities did not vary significantly (P>0.05) with ngitili management, but goats found to spend considerably more time browsing in the communal ngitili and more time grazing in the private ngitili (P<0.05). Despite the merits of stocking cattle and goats together in the heterogeneous pasture, seasonal variation in forage resources requires investigation of other strategies such as use of multipurpose trees and treatment of crop residues to improve livestock production.     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

Housing of dogs and cats in shelters and kennels in Switzerland

The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims.     

Ecology and epidemiology of anthrax in cattle and humans in Zambia

Anthrax is endemic in Western and North-western Provinces of Zambia. The disease occurs throughout the year and impacts negatively on the economy of the livestock industry and public health in Zambia. During 1989-1995, there were 1626 suspected cases of anthrax in cattle in Western province and of these 51 were confirmed. There were 220 cases of human anthrax cases in 1990 alone and 248 cases during 1991-1998 with 19.1% and 7.7% case fatality rates, respectively. Interplay of the ecology of affected areas and anthropogenic factors seem to trigger anthrax epidemics. Anthrax has drawn considerable attention in recent years due to its potential use as a biological weapon. In this paper, the history, current status and approaches towards the control of the disease in Zambia are discussed. Quarantine measures restrict trade of livestock and exchange of animals for draught power resulting in poor food security at household levels. Challenges of anthrax control are complex and comprise of socio-political, economical, environmental and cultural factors. Inadequate funding, lack of innovative disease control strategies and lack of cooperation from stakeholders are the major constraints to the control of the disease. It is hoped that the information provided here will stimulate continued awareness for the veterinary and medical authorities to maintain their surveillance and capabilities against the disease. This may lead to a culminating positive impact on livestock and human health in the southern African region.     

猪卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌培养体系的建立和优化

试验系统探讨了猪卵母细胞的体外成熟和孤雌激活方法。结果表明:在成熟液中分别添加FSH(促卵泡素:0.1ng/mL)和hMG(人绝经期促性腺激素:0.01IU/mL)的卵母细胞成熟率差异显著,但2组间的分裂率和囊胚率差异不显著。在成熟液中添加0、10、30、50、70ng/mL或90ng/mL的EGF(表皮生长因子),50ng/mLEGF组的分裂率达到84.90%,囊胚率达到30.20%,显著高于其余各组。分别使用以TCM-199和NCSU-23为基础液的成熟液来成熟培养猪卵母细胞,NCSU-23组的分裂率,成熟率和囊胚率均高于TCM-199组。使用离子酶素激活方法和电激活方法进行对比,离子酶素激活后孤雌胚胎发育效果好,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

犬和猫急性胰腺炎的病因及机制研究进展

胰腺周围脂肪组织和腺泡坏死被认为是急性胰腺炎(Acute pancreatitis,AP)的主要病理特征。胰腺炎轻者不累及其他器官,无并发症,为自限性疾病;重者胰腺出血、坏死、多器官功能衰竭,出现并发症,危及生命。近年来,胰腺炎在犬和猫中发病率非常高,而且病程一般是由急性期转至慢性期,由轻微转至严重。对其发病原因及其发病机制知之甚少,国内外兽医相关文献鲜有报道。论文参考大量研究文献并结合临床经验,综述该病的发病原因和发病机制,以期为临床预防和治疗提供思路。     

甘肃苜蓿田芫菁的种类为害及防治

通过对甘肃苜蓿田芫菁为害调查表明,常见芫菁种类有中华豆芫菁、绿芫菁、苹斑芫菁、腋斑芫菁、豆芫菁、暗头芫菁6种。对其成虫形态特征进行了描述,并列出了检索表。讨论了苜蓿田芫菁的为害性,指出其不仅取食为害,而且因其尸体内含有的斑蝥素,含其尸体的苜蓿草及草产品也会对家畜健康造成危害;因此,干草中不能有有其尸体。最后提出了芫菁的取样调查和防治技术。