梅山猪的卵巢发育

将不同日龄的35头梅山猪的卵巢采集下来作形态学和组织学检查。最初在45日龄就观察到卵巢上有囊状卵泡,并且突出于卵巢表面,然后随着这些卵泡的增多,卵巢重量迅速增加。75～90日龄约半数卵巢有黄体,表明75日龄前有些猪已开始发情。对45日龄梅山猪注射外源促性腺激素,卵巢有反应。这些结果表明,性早熟的梅山猪很早时卵巢上就有囊状卵泡发育。     

英系大白猪后备猪适宜粗蛋白质水平初探

大白猪是世界上著名的瘦肉型品种之一，它以优良的肉质、繁殖性能和生长发育性能著称于世，对我国猪的品种改良起到了积极作用。中粮集团于1991年从英国引进了一批大白猪，我公司分配了34头，经过近几年的饲养观察，饲料水平不断变化，其生长发育性能均不尽人意。为此，笔者于1     

梅山猪、通城猪与湖北白猪的杂交猪生产性能观察

此试验以梅山猪、通城猪为父本,测定其与湖北白猪的杂交猪肥育性能、胴体与肉质性状及繁殖性能。结果表明,梅湖杂交猪肥育期日增重514.39g、料重比3.56、瘦肉率56.53%、肌内脂肪含量3.91%,初产母猪产仔数12.36头、产活仔数11.73头,二胎母猪窝产仔数15.67头、产活仔数15.17头;通湖杂交猪肥育期日增重511.47g、料重比3.72、瘦肉率53.72%、肌内脂肪含量3.51%,初产母猪产仔数10.32头、产活仔数10.24头,二胎母猪产仔数12.20头、产活仔数11.80头。两组合料重比、初产产活仔数差异显著;瘦肉率、肌内脂肪含量、初产及二胎产仔数差异极显著。说明杂交猪具有良好的繁殖性能和胴体与肉质性状,且梅湖杂交组合效果优于通湖杂交组合。     

圩猪和大白猪屠宰测定及肉质分析

为研究地方品种圩猪和引进品种大白猪的肉质差异,寻求圩猪的优异肉质特性,选择在相同条件下饲养的90 kg圩猪和大白猪各6头进行屠宰和肉质测定。结果显示,圩猪屠宰率(65.38%)、腿臀比例(29.57%)及眼肌面积(26.58 cm2)均极显著低于大白猪(P0.01),圩猪实测3点平均背膘厚为24.28 mm,极显著大于大白猪(P0.01);L45品种间差异不显著,而大白猪L24(58.88)极显著高于圩猪(P0.01),圩猪a45(16.82,P0.05)和a24(16.97,P0.01)均高于大白猪,表明圩猪肉色要深于大白猪,表现出鲜红肉色;p H45和p H24在品种间差异不显著(P0.05);圩猪失水率为21.12%,比大白猪低6.23个百分点(P0.01);肌内脂肪含量为2.32%,极显著高于大白猪(1.38%)。在相同的饲养管理及营养水平条件下,圩猪表现出脂肪沉积力强、保水力强、肉色鲜红等优良特性。     

上海市梅山猪、枫泾猪、沙乌头猪和浦东白猪地方标准正式发布

<正>本刊辑:上海农业网3月11日消息,近日,由上海市动物疫病预防控制中心、上海生猪业行业协会和相关地方猪种原种场共同起草修订的上海市地方标准《梅山猪》(DB31/T18-2010)、《枫泾猪》(DB31/T19-2010)、《沙乌头猪》(DB31/T20-     

不同营养水平对大白猪育肥期生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

为充分发挥东北地区饲养的大白猪原种猪的生产性能,本试验特研究东北大白猪的最佳营养供给量,为养猪生产提供重要的指导意义.1 材料与方法试验动物为黑龙江省七台河市新兴区刘本胜养猪场引进大白猪纯繁扩群的原种猪,选择胎次、断奶日龄及年龄相近,体重为50±1千克的健康东北大白猪36头,按公母比例为1∶1随机分为9个试验组,每组2个重复,每个重复2头猪.     

Leptin基因对陆川猪和大白猪产仔数的影响

根据leptin基因在GenBank中的已知序列设计两对引物,采用PCR-SSCP技术在陆川猪和大白猪群体中进行单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）检测,发现了两个SNPs位点,并对其不同基因型个体PCR回收产物进行测序,同时对这两个SNPs位点与产仔数进行了关联分析。结果表明：这两个SNPs位点分别是在第3 469碱基处发生了T→C突变和第3 714碱基处发生了T→G突变,这两个突变都是同义突变;T3714G SNP对陆川猪产仔数影响显著（P〈0.05）,而对大白猪产仔数影响不显著（P〉0.05）,T3 469C SNP对陆川猪和大白猪产仔数影响均不显著（P〉0.05）。     

营养水平对不同生长阶段三江白猪生长性能的影响

本文旨在研究不同生长阶段三江白猪对能量、蛋白质及赖氨酸的需要量及其对生长性能影响的重要性。试验采用二次正交旋转组合设计法,以能量、粗蛋白质、赖氨酸为三因素,设置3个水平标准,选取同批次(24.87±0.64)kg三江白猪207头按性别比例平均分成23组。按生理特点将试验分为25～40kg、40～70kg和70～90kg3个阶段,以3套不同营养水平的配方进行饲养。结果显示:育肥期三江白猪25～40kg阶段三因素最优组合为DE14.15MJ/kg、CP18.90%、Lys0.95%;40～70kg阶段为DE13.85MJ/kg、CP17.43%、Lys0.85%;70～90kg阶段为DE13.47MJ/kg、CP15.43%、Lys0.75%,能取得最佳生长性能。粗蛋白质水平对不同生长阶段的三江白猪生长性能的贡献率最大;粗蛋白质水平对40～70kg、70～90kg阶段三江白猪日增重调控最灵敏。赖氨酸对70～90kg阶段三江白猪饲料利用效率调控最灵敏。     

苯甲酸雌二醇对泌乳期二花脸猪和大白猪卵巢功能的影响

肌肉注射外源性雌激素-苯甲酸雌二醇（estradiol benzoate，EB，60μg／kgWB）处理泌乳第21天的4头二花脸母猪和3头大白猪，从安装的颈静脉瘘管采集血样，用放射免疫法（RIA法）测定两品种母猪血浆雌二醇（E2）和孕酮（P4）水平在EB处理前后的变化。结果显示：4头二花脸猪中有3头于54-66小时，血浆雌二醇（E2）出现第二个峰，并伴随孕酮（蚴水平显著升高；3头大白猪中有l头出现第二个E。峰，P。水平升高。结果表明，注射苯甲酸雌二醇（EB）后，4头二花脸猪中有3头表现发情和排卵，3头大白猪中有1头表现发情和排卵。提示泌乳期二花脸猪的卵巢功能较大白猪更易被外源雌激素所启动。     

营养水平对育肥后期三江白猪生长性能及胴体指标与肉质的影响研究

本试验通过饲喂不同能量、粗蛋白水平的日粮,研究其对育肥后期三江白猪的生产性能及胴体指标和肌肉品质的变化的影响。结果表明:高能高蛋白日粮组日增重最高;低能高蛋白日粮组取得理想的饲料报酬和较高的胴体瘦肉率(P<0.05);低能低蛋白日粮组与高能高蛋白日粮组屠宰率较高(P<0.05);高能低蛋白日粮组的背膘较厚(P<0.05);各组的pH1、pH24值间差异显著(P<0.05),均没有劣质肉出现;高能低蛋白日粮组的肌肉嫩度较差(剪切力值较高)(P<0.05);高能高蛋白日粮组有较小的低水损失(P<0.05);肌肉大理石纹以低能高蛋白日粮组最丰富;、高能高蛋白日粮组的肉色L*值、a*值分别与其余各组存在显著性差异(P<0.05),高能低蛋白日粮组与标准营养日粮组的b;值较其他三组偏低,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

陆川猪和大白猪胰岛素样生长因子2基因对生长性状的效应分析

试验旨在探讨陆川猪和大白猪胰岛素样生长因子2(insulin-like growth factor-2,IGF2)基因多态性与生长性状的关系,以期为猪生产性状标记辅助选择侯选基因的选择提供理论依据。采用PCR-SSCP技术,在陆川猪和大白猪群体中检测到了1个SNP位点,并将这个SNP位点与生长性状进行关联分析。结果表明,IGF2基因对陆川猪和大白猪初生重、平均日增重影响均显著(P<0.05),对断奶重的影响在大白猪上显著(P<0.05),在陆川猪上不显著(P>0.05),可作为用于育种实践的分子遗传标记。     

长白和大白猪主要生长性状的遗传参数估计

旨在分析母猪的出生年份、出生季节、初生重、开测日龄等固定效应对长白、大白猪主要生长性状的影响,并对目标生长性状进行遗传参数估计(遗传力、遗传方差、表型相关和遗传相关),为猪的遗传改良提供基本依据.本试验利用GLM模型分析试验猪群(398头长白猪和1176头大白猪)的固定效应对猪生长性状的影响,并采用多性状动物模型对目标...     

利用后裔测定验证大白猪基因组选择实施效果研究

旨在通过测定基因组选择选留的大白公猪的后裔生产性能,探究基因组选择实际育种效果。本研究选用913头大白猪构建参考群体,利用ssGBLUP对新出生的823头大白公猪在去势前进行第一次基因组评估,待生产性能测定后进行第二次基因组评估,最终选留10头性能差异显著的公猪留种,比较其后代生长性状表型和育种值及综合选择指数差异。结果表明,两次基因组遗传评估,达100 kg体重日龄、100 kg活体背膘厚和总产仔数3个性状基因组育种值（GEBV）估计准确性分别由0.56、0.67和0.64提高至0.73、0.73和0.67,两次基因组选择基因组母系指数相关系数为0.82,表明在去势前进行公猪基因组选择具有较高的准确性,可实现种猪早期选择。根据各性状GEBV和基因组母系指数,10头公猪被划分为高、低生产性能组,后裔测定成绩表明,两组公猪后代100 kg体重日龄表型均值之差为2.58 d,育种值之差为3.08 d,100 kg活体背膘厚表型均值之差为1.15 mm,育种值之差为1.03 mm,综合母系指数均值之差为9.3,除后代100 kg体重日龄表型均值之差外,其他差异均达到极显著水平。本研究证明,在基因组评估中具有显著差异的公猪其后代在表型值和育种值等方面均存在显著差异,通过基因组选择能够挑选出优秀种公猪,可将其遗传优势传递给后代。     

Using Progeny Testing to Evaluate the Efficiency of Genomic Selection in Large White Pigs

This study aimed to evaluate the actual genetic improvement effect of genomic selection in Large White boars through progeny testing in production performance. Nine hundred and thirteen Large White pigs were used to construct a reference group, and 823 new-born Large White boars were used to implement the first genomic selection through ssGBLUP before castration. The second genomic selection were carried out after performance testing, then 10 boars with significant difference in production performance were selected and their offsprings were compared in phenotypic values, estimated breeding values of growth traits and selection index. The results showed that the accuracies of genomic prediction on age at 100 kg body weight, 100 kg backfat thickness and total number born increased from 0.56, 0.67 and 0.64 in the first genomic selection to 0.73, 0.73 and 0.67 in the second genomic selection, respectively. The correlation coefficient of maternal selection index between the two genomic selection before castration and after performance testing was 0.82, which indicated that the first genomic selection before castration was accurate enough to make early selection on boars. According to the genomic breeding values and maternal selection index of 10 selected boars, two groups with high and low production performance were set up. The progeny testing showed that the difference of average phenotypic value between groups was 2.58 days, and the difference of average evaluated breeding value(EBV) between groups was 3.08 days in age at 100 kg body weight, those were 1.15 mm and 1.03 mm in 100 kg backfat thickness, respectively, and the difference in the mean of the comprehensive maternal index was 9.3, all the differences(except age at 100 kg body weight) were extremely significant. This study prove that the offspring of boars with significant differences in genomic evaluation have significant differences in phenotypic values and breeding values, which indicate that, through genomic selection, excellent breeding boars can be selected and their genetic superiority can be passed to their offsprings.     

合作猪与大白猪头骨形态比较

以6月龄的合作猪、大白猪猪头为试验材料,运用大体解剖学的方法对猪头进行处理,测定了6月龄合作猪和大白猪头骨相关的基本量度指标、较大头骨的面积及牙齿齿式。研究结果表明,合作猪头骨大部分基本量度指标及较大头骨面积指标均极显著小于大白猪,合作猪切齿及犬齿的生长稍早于大白猪。     

大白猪TLR4基因外显子1遗传变异及其与细胞因子水平的关系

本实验运用PCR-SSCP技术对大白猪TLR4基因外显子1遗传变异进行分析,同时利用ELISA方法对外周血重要细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-Beta、IL-10、IL-12)的水平进行测定,旨在分析大白猪TLR4基因外显子1多态性及其与重要细胞因子水平间的关系,探讨将其作为抗F18大肠杆菌病遗传标记的可行性。结果表明:大白猪TLR4基因外显子1存在G93C同义突变位点,共检测到3种基因型,分别定义为BB、BC和CC;关联分析结果表明,大白猪TLR4外显子1变异位点对机体重要细胞因子水平没有显著影响(P>0.05),表明基于该位点的分子选育不会对机体免疫应答和一般抗病力产生不利影响。结果提示,有必要将TLR4基因外显子1的变异位点作为抗大肠杆菌病的重要遗传标记进行深入研究。     

Impact of MYOD family genes on pork traits in Large White and Landrace pigs

Summary Porcine myogenic differentiation genes ( MYOD ) family play a key role in growth and muscle development and are therefore considered as candidate genes for meat production traits. The objective of the study was to investigate the polymorphisms at four loci belonging to the MYOD genes family and analyse their associations with variation in meat production traits in Czech pig breeds. To verify the associations between the polymorphisms and the selected meat traits, altogether 254 pigs, including full- and half-sibs, of Large White and Landrace breeds were tested. The studied meat characteristics were weight of neck, loin, shoulder and ham, lean meat content (LMC), backfat thickness, intramuscular fat (IMF), remission, dry matter content and test daily gain. Statistically significant associations were observed between MYOG gene and fat and neck weight, and between MYF5 gene and IMF and LMC. High significant differences were observed between genotypes AA and AB of MYOD1 in IMF and between genotypes AB and BB of MYF5 in loin weight.     

南阳黑猪和大白猪脂肪酸分析及其综合评价

试验旨在研究南阳黑猪脂肪酸组成及含量,以期为中国地方猪种遗传资源的保护及开发利用提供理论依据。以南阳黑猪和大白猪为研究对象,每品种猪各12头,测量背最长肌脂肪酸含量及种类,以脂肪酸种类及数量、单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA）、饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）、12-16碳饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸1,SFA1）、其他饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸2,SFA2）、不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acids,UFA）、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、必需脂肪酸（essential fatty acid,EFA）、共轭亚油酸（conjugated linoleic acids,CLA）、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA等为指标,从营养、健康、风味及储存方面综合评价两个猪种猪肉脂肪酸品质。结果显示,两个猪种背最长肌中共检出30种脂肪酸,其中23种脂肪酸在两个猪种间有显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）;除SFA2/SFA1和ω-6 PUFA /ω-3 PUFA外,南阳黑猪其他指标均高于大白猪;SFA1、MUFA、PUFA、SFA、UFA、UFA/SFA、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、EFA、CLA、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA 11个指标在两个猪种间存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）,SFA2和PUFA/MUFA在两个猪种间无显著差异（P>0.05）。综合以上结果,南阳黑猪肌肉脂肪酸品质总体优于大白猪。     

Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fatty Acid in Nanyang Black Pig and Large White Pig

The experiment was carried out to study the composition and contents of fatty acids of Nanyang Black pig, and to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and exploitation of local pig genetic resources in China. 12 Nanyang Black pigs and 12 Large White pigs were chosen, and the composition and contents of fatty acids in longissimus dorsi muscle were measured, and the quality of fatty acids was comprehensive evaluated from nutrition, health, flavor and storage aspects. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), 12-16 carbon saturated fatty acids (SFA1), other saturated fatty acids (SFA2), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), SFA2/SFA1, MUFA/PUFA, essential fatty acid (EFA), conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), PUFA/SFA and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA were used as the indexes of multiple comparison. The results showed that there were 30 kinds of fatty acids were detected and 23 of them had significant or extremely significant differences between the two pig breeds (P<0.05;P<0.01). Nanyang Black pig had higher values of above measured indexes than that of Large White pig in addition to SFA2/SFA1 and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA. 11 indexes such as SFA1,MUFA,PUFA,SFA,UFA, UFA/SFA,SFA2/SFA1,PUFA/MUFA, EFA,CLA, PUFA/SFA and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA differed significantly or extremely significantly between the two pig breeds (P<0.05;P<0.01), while SFA2 and PUFA/MUFA had no significant differences between the two pig breeds (P>0.05). In conclusion, the fatty acids of Nanyang Black pig were significantly better than that of Large White pig.