Preliminary survey of the pinewood nematode in Turkey

A survey was conducted in the northern conifer forests of Turkey in 2003 and 2004 for the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . Wood samples were collected from declining pine trees, located in the following target areas: Düzce, Ankara, Bolu, and Artvin. Nematodes were extracted from over 310 samples and were observed and identified. B. xylophilus was not detected in any samples. Bursaphelenchus species were only found in 6% of the samples. From the B. xylophilus -group, only the species B. mucronatus was reported. Species identification was performed from morphological characters, particularly male spicules, and by molecular analysis with ITS-RFLP.     

Duplex PCR 快速检测松材线虫

利用duplex PCR技术对松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)与拟松材线虫(B. mucronatus)的rDNA部分核苷酸序列扩增.根据松材线虫与拟松材线虫的ITS1序列区别,设计出特异性引物,检测松材线虫的存在;在5.8S,28S保守序列区设计通用引物,检测伞滑刃线虫的存在.     

伞滑刃线虫属部分种群28S RNA基因中D2-D3区的特征

 对伞滑刃线虫属部分种群包括松材线虫、拟松材线虫、豆伞滑刃线虫、莱奴尔夫伞滑刃线虫和泰国伞滑刃线虫等种的28S RNA基因中D2-D3区进行了系统的研究。经PCR扩增发现, 不同的种均产生1个约750 bp的片段。利用限制性内切酶对其进行PCR-RFLP分析, 除松材线虫与拟松材线虫的酶切图谱比较接近外, 其它伞滑刃线虫种群获得不同的酶切图谱。图谱分析发现, 限制性内切酶Bsh1236I能区分2个近似种——松材线虫和拟松材线虫。进一步分析表明:Bsh1236I对28S RNA基因D2-D3区的酶切可用于鉴定本研究中伞滑刃线虫属的不同种群。同时运用clustalx1.8和Mega 2软件对28S RNA基因D2-D3区构建部分伞滑刃线虫属种群的系统树, 显示出与形态学基本一致的聚类组群。     

基于灰色关联度分析气候因素对江西省松材线虫病的影响

为分析不同气候因素对松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus引起的松材线虫病的影响程度,本文以江西省全南县(代表赣南,松墨天牛一年2代)和德兴市(代表赣北,松墨天牛一年1代)遭受松材线虫病危害的马尾松林生态系统为研究对象,获取2018年-2021年松材线虫病普查数据和1990年-2021年的主要气象因子数据,结合滑动平均法和灰色关联度分析法比较分析两地的气候差异和疫情年间气候变化对松材线虫病发病面积的影响。结果显示:除德兴市的年均相对湿度和年降水量与历年平均值相比有所降低外,两地其他气象因子均呈上升趋势;灰色关联度分析表明,年均最高气温和年均风速是影响赣南松材线虫疫情的重要气象因子,年均最高气温和年降水量是影响赣北松材线虫疫情的重要气象因子;气温升高促进松材线虫和其媒介昆虫的生长繁殖与活动,风速升高可使媒介昆虫远距离传播松材线虫,降水量减少可降低松材线虫和媒介昆虫染病死亡几率。赣南赣北气候的整体变化趋势都有利于松材线虫病的扩散蔓延。     

松材线虫对江西林业和生态环境影响的评估及风险管理

以有害生物风险分析(Pest Risk Analysis,简称PRA)原理为依据,对松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)对江西林业生态环境的影响进行风险评估,认为松材线虫在江西符合检疫性有害生物的地理分布管理标准.江西具备松材线虫生存及蔓延扩散的寄主植物、传播媒介和环境条件.松材线虫随松类植物及产品的调运从境外传入江西后具有蔓延扩散并暴发成灾的潜在风险,对江西林业生产和生态环境及风景名胜区构成了严重威胁.为此,提出了降低松材线虫病风险的管理措施,供江西有关林业部门参考.     

A-3型松褐天牛引诱剂诱虫谱研究

2002～2004年,在广州地区应用A-3型松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope(鞘翅目Coleoptera天牛科Cerambycidae)引诱剂诱捕鞘翅目昆虫,结果表明：A-3型松褐天牛引诱剂具有较广的诱虫谱,可以诱捕到鞘翅目中10个科48种昆虫；松树的主要蛀干害虫是松褐天牛、赤梗天牛Arhopalus unicolor Ganhan、马尾松角胫象Shirahoshizo patruelis Voss、松瘤象Hyposipalus gigas Fabricius和松纵坑切梢小蠹Tomicus piniperda Linnaeus等小蠹虫；进一步分离所诱捕的松褐天牛及其他松树主要蛀干害虫携带松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Nickle的情况,发现松褐天牛与赤梗天牛均携带松材线虫,其中松褐天牛是松材线虫病最重要的传播媒介。     

A survey for Bursaphelenchus spp. in pine forests in Norway

Wood samples from pine trees were taken from 429 sites throughout Norway. The samples were selected as being either from (1) healthy trees, (2) trees suffering from stress, either physical or pathological or (3) dead trees. Nematodes were recovered from 39% of samples, most from dead wood and least from healthy trees. Species of Bursaphelenchus were recovered from 12% of dead trees and 5% of stressed trees, but were never found in healthy wood. B. mucronatus was found at just one site and in this sample it was associated with Monochamus sutor , only one of two sites at which the beetle was detected. Based on the information gained from the survey and from other sources, an assessment is made of the risk of introduction of B. xylophilus from outside Europe on imported wood and its survival, spread and disease potential in European forests.     

松材线虫rDNA的测序和PCR-SSCP分析

 本文为克服形态鉴定的不足,用分子生物学的方法鉴别松材线虫。线虫核糖体DNA(r DNA)的内部转录间隔区(ITS1)区(约308bp)的测序结果显示:松材线虫种内区别很小,不超过1bp;拟松材线虫种内区别较大,最大达7bp;这2种线虫的种间区别为32~39bp。根据以上测序结果,本文结合单条线虫DNA的提取技术,对14个松材线虫和拟松材线虫样本进行了单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)分析,结果表明PCR-SSCP分析技术可明确区分这2种线虫,该技术可为单条松材线虫的鉴定提供一套灵敏而可靠的方法。     

应用TaqMan-MGB探针进行松材线虫的实时荧光定量检测技术研究

 松材线虫是国际公认的最重要的检疫性有害生物之一,也是我国2类检疫危险性有害生物,我国口岸多次从货物的木质包装中截获该线虫。由于松材线虫与拟松材线虫在形态上极其相似,难以区分,幼虫更无法用于鉴定。传统的形态学鉴定、生化以及其他分子技术等方法存在费时、准确度不高、灵敏度低等缺点,不易形成标准。我们设计筛选一对引物以及一条MGB探针,对松材线虫进行实时荧光PCR检测。建立了一条从1 pg到10⁴pg标准曲线,相关系数r=0.965。该检测方法省时、准确、快速、无污染。     

云南松树伞滑刃线虫种类鉴定

 2000~2001年从云南省34个县/市调查采集到病松树样本161份,鉴定出伞滑刃属线虫3个种即拟松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus mucronatus)、霍夫曼伞滑刃线虫(B. hofmanni)和赫列尼库斯伞滑刃线虫(B. hellenicus)。后2种为我国新记录种,其寄主分别是华山松(Pinus armandii)和云南松(P. yunnanensis),为该2种线虫的世界新寄主记录。目前云南省没有发现松材线虫,但在16个县/市发现拟松材线虫。     

福建省松材线虫病防控类型区划与对策措施

根据全省松材线虫病发生危害现状、传播规律和枯死松树分布等,按照合理区划、分类施策的原则,将全省松材线虫病防控区域划分为发生除治区、重点防控区和一般预防区,并针对各防控类型区提出相应的防控对策与措施。     

松褐天牛疫木隔离结合人工释放管氏肿腿蜂防治松材线虫病

为提高天敌昆虫寄生松褐天牛以此控制松材线虫病的效果,本研究采用松褐天牛疫木就地隔离,同时加上人工助放管氏肿腿蜂的方法,开展了控制松材线虫病的试验。结果表明：管氏肿腿蜂对松褐天牛低龄幼虫的致死率最高达68．50％,对中老龄幼虫的致死率为44．58％。3月和4月释放,松褐天牛死亡率分别为57．11％和65．64％,而5月份释放幼虫死亡率只有14．57％。将疫木劈为4开的情况下时,天牛死亡率最高,达71．33％。单边放蜂,松褐天牛的死亡率最高达67．18％。铁丝网、渔网和聚丙烯布隔离疫木对松材线虫病的发生都有较好的控制效果,其中铁丝网隔离后,健康松树死亡率下降到2．5％,渔网和聚丙烯布隔离后,松树死亡率为12％,均显著低于对照的80％。表明隔离松疫木加上施放管氏肿腿蜂能有效控制松材线虫病流行危害。     

Modelling pine wilt disease (PWD) for current and future climate scenarios as part of a pest risk analysis for pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle in Germany

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes pine wilt disease (PWD) in Pinus species given suitable climatic conditions. A model was run...     

Short communication: Satellite DNA-based species-specific identification of single individuals of the pinewood nematode <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</Emphasis> (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae)

The pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a severe pest of coniferous trees, and has been designated as a quarantine organism in the European Union. From the sequence of a satellite DNA family characterized in the genome of this nematode, we developed a PCR procedure that allowed the specific discrimination of this species from closely related Bursaphelenchus species found on coniferous trees. Moreover, because of the repetitive nature of satellite DNA, positive amplification was achieved from B. xylophilus single individuals, which should contribute to an easy diagnostic procedure for assisting in the management of this major pest of conifer forests.     

Guidance on sampling to detect pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in trees, wood and insects

The pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of pine wilt disease. It is a quarantine pest for most countries in the world. Surveys for the occurrence of the nematode may be necessary in the framework of internationally agreed phytosanitary standards, in order to delimit infested areas or to demonstrate the absence of B .  xylophilus and thus to identify pest free areas. Import inspections of wood and wood products also need sound monitoring systems. It is obvious that the quality of survey/monitoring, as well as the results of diagnosis, are strongly dependent on the sampling procedure. Although, in the literature, numerous results of surveys and monitoring are documented, sampling procedures vary and there is no scientific or statistically based sampling system published for B. xylophilus . The current paper relates background information concerning the biology of the nematode, its vector beetles and the development of pine wilt disease and the influence of these factors on sampling procedures, and attempts to define a more systematic methodology.     

松褐天牛的天敌及其对寄主的控制能力研究

根据国内外的研究和作者的研究结果,总结和记述了传播松材线虫的媒介昆虫松褐天牛的天敌种类及其控害情况。共有9 7种天敌,其中天敌昆虫4 7种,病原微生物1 7种,捕食性鸟类3 3种。同时对主要天敌种类病原微生物、肿腿蜂、斑头陡盾茧蜂、花绒寄甲、天牛斑叩甲和捕食性鸟类对松褐天牛的控制能力进行了阐述。     

The pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle,and its pathogenicity to German Pinus sylvestris provenances

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, can cause pine wilt disease on susceptible conifer species, mainly Pinus spp., outside its natural...     

广东地区花绒寄甲替代寄主的研究

将花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire幼虫接于替代寄主黄粉甲Tenebrio molitor、吉丁虫Buprestidaesp和大麦虫Zophobas morio,结果表明,黄粉甲幼虫、蛹和成虫均能繁育出花绒寄甲成虫,平均羽化率能达到20%以上,是较好的替代寄主。用黄粉甲繁育的花绒寄甲成虫存活情况良好,且能正常产卵;用吉丁虫幼虫繁育的花绒寄甲幼虫自相残杀的现象很严重,平均羽化率仅为7.8%;用大麦虫幼虫无法繁育出花绒寄甲成虫。     

新型防腐剂处理木质包装防治松材线虫的初步研究

两种防腐剂(TANALITH CuAz和TANALITH CY)处理木包装防治松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)的研究表明,防腐剂处理松材后放置21天内,2.86%CuAz、2.22%CY对松材线虫具有明显的杀灭作用,并且其作用随着处理后放置时间的延长而增强,但二者均没有达到100%杀灭松材线虫的效果.结果分析显示,药剂浓度、药剂作用时间、木材对药剂的吸收及药剂渗透性是影响防腐剂处理对松材线虫杀灭效果的主要原因,而木材对药剂的吸收及药剂渗透性又取决于木材处理前的含水量、木材种类及所用木材的硬度等因素.     

海南省椰子病虫害的监测与调查

通过近2年来对海南省椰子作物病虫害的野外监测、调查和室内鉴定的结果表明,目前在海南省椰子作物上发生的病虫共有37种,其中害虫30种,病害7种。主要病虫种类包括椰心叶甲(BrontispalongissimaGestro)、红棕象甲(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Fabricius)、二疣犀甲(Oryctes rhinocerosL.)、椰花四星象甲(Diocalandra frumenti Fabricius)、红脉穗螟(Tirathaba rufivena Walker)、椰子泻血病〔Ceratocystis para-doxa(Dade)Mor〕、椰子灰斑病(Pestalotia palmarum Cooke)、椰子芽腐病(Phytophthora palmivora Butler)和椰子干腐病(Paecilomyces varioti Bainier)等,其中椰心叶甲、红棕象甲、二疣犀甲、椰花四星象甲和椰子泻血病对海南椰子树危害最为严重,应重点予以防控。