西瓜细菌性果斑病

西瓜细菌性果斑病张祥林莫桂花（乌鲁木齐动植物检疫局８３００１１）西瓜细菌性果斑病是西瓜上的一种危险性病害，它主要导致西瓜果实表面产生病斑甚至腐烂，降低其商品价值和食用价值。１９６９年，Ｃｒａｌ和Ｓｃｈｅｎｃｋ初次报道并详细描述了此病在试验田中的发生情...     

西瓜细菌性果斑病研究进展

西瓜细菌性果斑病是由类产碱假单胞菌西瓜亚种〔Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli (Schaad et al. 1978)〕所引起，1992年该病菌改名为燕麦食酸菌西瓜亚种〔Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Willems et al. 1992) 〕。革兰氏阴性菌，属rRNA组I。不产生荧光和其他色素，单根极生鞭毛，严格好氧。不产生精氨酸水解酶，能在41℃下生长，但不能在4℃生长，明胶液化力弱，氧化酶和2－酮葡糖酸试验阳性。利用葡萄糖和蔗糖作碳源结果不一致；但利用β－丙氨酸、柠檬酸盐、乙醇、乙醇胺、果糖、L－亮氨酸和D－丝氨酸结果一致…     

西瓜品种资源抗细菌性果斑病苗期鉴定

为筛选高抗瓜类细菌性果斑病的西瓜资源,以24份西瓜品种资源为试材,采用苗期喷雾接种法分别接种分离自甜瓜上的瓜类嗜酸菌Acidovorax citrulli菌株pslb96和ZZ-1,鉴定各品种资源对瓜类细菌性果斑病的苗期抗性。结果表明,24份西瓜品种资源中未发现有对2株菌株表现免疫的材料,有7份资源对菌株pslb96表现高抗,12份资源对菌株ZZ-1表现高抗;9份资源对菌株pslb96表现中感或感病,7份资源对菌株ZZ-1表现中感和感病;对2株菌株均表现高抗的品种资源有野生型种质资源A9及商品种华欣、申蜜968、申选958和申抗988,占总品种资源的20.83%。部分品种资源A4、A13和申蜜7号对菌株pslb96和ZZ-1的抗性表现出明显的差异,表明相同寄主来源的2株不同菌株致病力存在差异。     

山东省西瓜、甜瓜发生瓜类细菌性果斑病

山东省寿光市和昌乐县发生瓜类细菌性果斑病,该病种子带菌,病原菌为Acidovorax citrulli（Schaad et al. 2009）,危害葫芦科作物。应加强检疫和防治工作。     

瓜类细菌性果斑病研究进展

瓜类细菌性果斑病是发生在甜瓜、西瓜等葫芦科植物上的一种严重的世界性病害,此病是典型的种传细菌性病害,病原为嗜酸菌属西瓜种(Acidovorax citrulli)。本文围绕瓜类细菌性果斑病菌的分离检测、致病机理、遗传多样性及防治等方面的研究进展作一概述,阐明了瓜类细菌性果斑病的研究现状。     

哈密瓜细菌性果斑病及其防治

哈密瓜汁多味甜 ,清凉爽口 ,深受消费者喜爱 ,经济效益高 ,且又是理想的前茬作物 ,有利于后茬作物的增产 ,可实行粮、棉、油行间套作 ,农民种瓜的积极性很高。巴盟从 1991年左右开始从新疆引种种植哈密瓜 ,到 2 0 0 0年种植 1 3～ 2 0万ｈｍ2 ,每年种植的品种有 4 0～ 50个。主要品种有 :抗病皇后、早皇后、新皇后、新太后、860 1、86 1、甘密宝、西域 3号、西域1号和杂交皇后。 1996年发现哈密瓜细菌性果斑病 ,近几年发生严重。巴盟地区 5月上旬播种哈密瓜 ,6月上旬见斑点病病斑 ,7月份严重。小瓜表面见不到病斑 ,大瓜上病斑清楚可见。病…     

哈密瓜细菌性果斑病病原菌鉴定

 2000年在内蒙古和新疆的哈密瓜上发现一种新细菌病害-哈密瓜细菌性果斑病,从病叶和病果上分离到33个细菌菌株,接种哈密瓜、西瓜和甜瓜后,发病症状与自然发病症状完全一致,而且从接种病株上又重新分离到了此病原细菌,这33个细菌菌株经柯赫法则证明均为该病的致病菌。各菌株致病力无明显差异。经革兰氏染色反应、菌体形态、培养性状、生理生化反应、细胞化学成分分析(糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸、mol% G+C)、DNA-DNA杂交,确认该病原菌为燕麦食酸菌西瓜亚种(Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli Willems et al.1992)=类产碱假单胞菌西瓜亚种(Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp.citrulli Schaad et al.1978)。该病菌除侵染哈密瓜外,人工接种尚能侵染多种葫芦科及番茄、茄子等作物。     

哈密瓜细菌性果斑病综合治理指南

20世纪80年代新疆和内蒙古哈密瓜开始发生细菌性果斑病犤Acidovoraxavenaesubsp.citrulliWillemsetal.1992(燕麦食酸菌西瓜亚种)=Pseudomonaspseudoalcaligenessubsp.cit-rulliSchaadetal.1978(类产碱假单胞菌西瓜亚种)犦。已经证明哈密瓜种子带果斑病病菌,并通过雨水等传播。该病为害叶片和果实。病菌侵染瓜条,使瓜条失去商品价值。一般生产田发病率45%～100%。该病在新疆和内蒙古发生为害严重,经济损失巨大,并有上升趋势,对我国的哈密瓜及其他葫芦科作物的生产构成了严重威胁,已经成为限制和阻碍哈密瓜进一步发展的首要障碍。本病属于新…     

西瓜细菌性果斑病菌快速免疫PCR检测

对种子携带的西瓜细菌性果斑病菌(Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli)进行简单抽提和纯化,不经过DNA提取而以病原菌为模板进行PCR检测.结果显示,对带菌种子提取液采用直接PCR法最低检出限为3600个细菌/mL,而免疫PCR最低检出限可达到600个细菌/mL.免疫PCR法可以有效富集病原后再扩增,方便快速,成本低,灵敏度高,适用于种子携带微量的西瓜细菌性果斑病菌的快速鉴定.     

西瓜细菌性果斑病病菌活细胞PMA-PCR检测方法的建立

利用叠氮溴化丙锭与聚合酶链式反应结合(PMA-PCR),建立了西瓜细菌性果斑病病菌(Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli)活细胞检测方法。实验结果表明,当PMA浓度为0.5 mg/m L时,对活细胞DNA的PCR扩增无影响,最低检测浓度为1×104cfu/m L。当样品中死亡细胞浓度低于107 cfu/m L时,PMA可抑制死亡细胞DNA的PCR扩增;当死亡细胞浓度为1×107cfu/m L时,PMA失去效果。该方法适用于低浓度西瓜细菌性果斑病病菌活细胞的检测。     

内蒙古哈密瓜细菌性果斑病的发生特点与防治技术

在调查和研究的基础上,对内蒙古哈密瓜细菌性果斑病病原菌的形态和生物学特性、病害的初侵染来源、侵染、传播、田间发展动态以及品种的抗病性进行了比较全面的介绍,并提出了综合防治方法。     

安徽省茶树细菌性梢枯病病原鉴定

2017年-2018年在安徽省庐江、东至县茶园种植区发现一种茶树新病害——梢枯病,发病症状表现为顶芽枯死,嫩叶叶柄变褐,叶片枯萎.为明确庐江、东至县茶树梢枯病的病原菌,采用平板划线法和稀释涂布平板法分离病原,按照柯赫氏法则对病原细菌进行致病性测定,并利用细菌的表型特征和分子生物学技术确定病原菌的分类地位.结果表明,从茶...     

哈密瓜细菌性果斑病菌群体感应系统的检测

本文利用群体感应信号报告菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4(pZLR4),在LB报告平板上对燕麦食酸菌西瓜亚种的19个菌株进行了初步检测,发现18个菌株有群体感应信号产生.用琼脂条法对菌株Pslb-94进一步检测,证实菌株Pslb-94存在群体感应系统.提取了该菌株信号物质,反相薄层层析(TLC)检测证明该菌株能产生群体感应信号分子.     

利用GICA-PCR快速检测瓜类果斑病菌

瓜类果斑病菌(Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli,Aac)是瓜类作物上重要的病原细菌,为我国进境植物检疫性有害生物。胶体金免疫层析试纸条方便快捷,应用广泛。该方法使用不当会出现假阳性问题,仅适用于病原菌的初筛检测。本研究将Aac胶体金免疫层析方法(GICA)与PCR技术相结合,建立了GICA-PCR检测方法。检测结果表明,该方法在蛋白与核酸2个层面上从发病西瓜叶片上检测到瓜类果斑病菌,有效解决了试纸条检测的假阳性问题,提高了瓜类果斑病菌检测的准确性,值得推广应用。     

哈蜜瓜种子带细菌性果斑病菌检测技术的研究

哈蜜瓜细菌性果斑病是世界性的检疫对象之一,主要以种子带菌进行远距离传播,本文通过温室育苗、室内分离和PCR(聚合酶链式反应)技术对哈蜜瓜种子带菌情况和主要带菌部位进行了检验,结果表明:3种方法都可以对种子带菌情况进行检测,分离检测和PCR检测还可以确定种子的带菌部位,PCR技术具有特异性强、灵敏度高、检测时间短等特点.另外检测结果也表明种子带菌以种皮为主,种仁的带菌量较少.     

Genetic diversity and population structure of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae isolated from sugarcane in Argentina

A significant increase in the occurrence of red stripe (caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae) has been observed in the last decade in Argentina. Considering that no extensive sampling of the main sugarcane-producing area in the country has been conducted to characterize the diversity and population structure of A. avenae subsp. avenae, molecular markers were employed to analyse 112 isolates from Tucumán. By using repetitive element polymorphism-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) almost all isolates were differentiated and grouped into 10 clusters, revealing a high genetic diversity. Using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique, five pairs of isolates were discriminated that could not be distinguished with rep-PCR. Cluster analysis showed no clear association between isolate clustering, sugarcane host genotype, crop age, type of tissue sampled, fertilization, or year of sampling. Linkage equilibrium analysis by using rep-PCR data indicated that the population has some degree of clonality. Three housekeeping genes were also sequenced: ugpB and pilT sequences were highly similar to A. avenae subsp. avenae sequences from other Argentinian isolates, whereas the lepA sequence did not reveal significant similarity. An additional four housekeeping genes could not be amplified, suggesting the existence of differences in those regions. Subsequently, virulence of 14 A. avenae subsp. avenae isolates was evaluated under controlled conditions. Results showed a differential level of aggressiveness among the isolates on a resistant sugarcane variety. This study confirmed that rep-PCR is an adequate tool for genetic analysis and population structure characterization in bacteria, and revealed both high genetic diversity and clonal population structure of A. avenae subsp. avenae in Tucumán, Argentina.     

Molecular identification and prevalence of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae causing red stripe of sugarcane in China

Red stripe caused by the bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Aaa) is a disease of sugarcane that is distributed worldwide. In this study, 108 sugarcane leaf samples were collected in 2013–2016 from nine sugarcane‐growing regions in China. Aaa was detected by PCR with specific and novel primers from the 16S–23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer region in 81 of 84 (96%) leaves with red stripe symptoms and in 20 of 24 (83%) leaves without symptoms. Furthermore, Aaa was detected in all nine sampling locations representing six sugarcane‐producing provinces in China. The 101 amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced. The size of the nucleotide sequences varied from 436 to 454 bp and the sequence identity ranged from 89.2% to 100%, suggesting a significant genetic variation among Aaa strains from China. Five major restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles were obtained by in silico and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses of the PCR products digested with HindIII and EcoRI. The causal agent of sugarcane red stripe was also successfully isolated from a diseased plant and its pathogenicity confirmed by inoculation of healthy sugarcane plantlets and reproduction of disease symptoms. The data showed that Aaa is currently widespread in China, suggesting that control methods should be implemented to limit the impact of red stripe on sugarcane production.