不同铁制剂与施用方法对矫正花生缺铁黄化症的效果

研究了在盆栽和田间小区试验条件下，叶面和土壤施用铁肥以及土施酸化肥料对纠正花生缺铁黄化症的作用效果。在盆栽条件下，叶面喷施黄腐酸铁(FeFA)、土施硫酸亚铁及酸化肥料都可以提高花生新叶中活性铁以及叶绿素含量，促进花生植株的生长；在田问小区栽培条件下，叶面喷施FeFA可以提高花生的叶绿素含量，尿素与FeFA结合使用的作用效果大于单喷FeEA。土施硫酸亚铁在花生生长前期提高了花生叶绿素含量，后期作用不明显。叶面喷施与土施铁肥都可以增加花生产量，土施铁肥的作用效果不如叶面喷施效果明显，酸化肥料对提高花生叶绿素含量及产量没有明显效果。     

包膜缓释铁肥防治花生缺铁黄化的效果研究

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了包膜缓释铁肥防治花生黄化的效果。结果表明,施用包膜缓释铁肥后,花生产量处理间差异达极显著水平,并影响花生体内活性铁和叶片中叶绿素含量。花生荚果产量与苗期新叶活性铁、叶绿素含量和开花下针期活性铁和叶绿素含量呈显著或极显著正相关。     

铁肥根系输液矫正苹果缺铁失绿症效果及其机理

根系输液条件下,Ｎ－Ｆｅ能够在短时间内有效地矫正苹果缺铁失绿症,ＥＤＴＡ－Ｆｅ容易产生肥害,柠檬酸铁效果居中。红色邻二氮杂菲铁示踪结果表明：二价铁肥根系输处理时仍以二价态由根被动吸收,运输到根、茎、叶和主脉内,运输部位都是靠近形成层的木质部,运输速度每小时可达数十厘米。室内营养液培养的八棱海棠苗用＾５９Ｆｅ示踪结果表明,断根中分配的＾５９Ｆｅ为１９．３％,叶中分配的＾５９Ｆｅ占７０．９％,八棱海棠     

铁肥根系输液矫正果树缺铁失绿症机理

邻二氮杂啡铁示踪结果表明 ,铁肥根系输液处理时铁以二价态由根被动吸收 ,并运输到根、茎、和叶的主脉内。运输部位都是靠近形成层的木质部 ,运输速度每小时可达数十厘米。室内营养液培养的八棱海棠苗用59Fe示踪结果表明 ,断根中分配的59Fe为 18.1% ,叶中分配的59Fe占 70 .9% ;断 1、2、3条根的植株59Fe在叶中的分配比例分别为 57.9%、63.6 %、68.0 %。     

花生缺铁黄化的敏感时期及耐低铁品种的筛选指标

采用盆栽试验,系统研究了石灰性土壤上16个花生品种在各个生育时期新叶的黄化度、叶绿素值、活性铁含量的差异及其动态变化。结果表明,缺铁胁迫下花生耐低铁和铁敏感品种间叶片的黄化程度存在着显著差异,大多数铁敏感品种在出苗后50～65 d时黄化度最高。供试16个品种顶部新展开叶片的叶绿素值（SPAD值）和活性铁含量在整个生育期的变幅分别为4.5～34.6和8.0～36.3 mg/kg, FW,随生长时间的延长两者均呈高―低―高的动态变化趋势。在生长前期,耐低铁品种新叶的叶绿素值和活性铁含量均显著高于铁敏感品种;开花期是花生对缺铁胁迫最为敏感的时期,此阶段黄化现象最严重、各品种新叶的叶绿素值和活性铁含量最低。相关分析表明,在生长前期叶绿素值与黄化度、活性铁及荚果产量之间均呈极显著的相关关系。新叶叶绿素值可作为花生耐低铁品种筛选的一可靠指标。     

硅锰结合施用对红壤水稻铁毒害的矫正

Based on the fact that Fe toxicity which is usually characterized by leaf oranging and low yield can be obviously subdued by application of Si or Mn due to counteraction.between Fe and Si or Mn.A pot experiment was conducted with four treatments of CK,Si,Mn and Si Mn to further study the effect of combined application of Si and Mn on rice growth on red earths.Water-soluble SI,Fe and Mn were measured.and electron probe was used to study Si,Mn,Fe and Ca in root cross sections.Combined application of Si and Mn could increas water-soluble Si and Mn but reduce water-soluble Fe,thus being favorable for correctiong Fe toxicity.Electron probe study showed obvous differences of Si,Fe,Mn,and Ca in rice roots between CK and the other three treatments.The combined applicatioin of Si and Mn could reduce leaf oranging and improve rice growth.The Si Mn treatment had a higher plant height,lower number of oranging leaves and a 25.0% higher rice yield than CK and showed a better effect on rice growth than the treatment of sole Si or Mn.     

玉米花生间作对花生铁营养的影响

采用根箱隔网盆栽方法模拟研究了玉米／花生间作对花生吸收利用铁营养的影响。用30m尼龙网将聚氯乙烯制作的根箱分为根室和外室，模拟了玉米单作、花生单作、玉米／花生间作三种情况。结果表明，间作对花生的铁营养状况有很大的影响。当花生与玉米间作时，花生地上部不表现缺铁现象；而花生单作则表现出严重的新叶缺铁黄化现象。间作花生新叶的全铁含量是单作的1．8倍，单作新叶活性铁含量仅是间作的47．2％，叶绿素含量是间作的25．3％。间作显著促进了花生对铁的吸收，使花生不同的部位的含铁量高于单作，从而提高了花生的光合速率；同时间作花生对铁的利用效率明显增加，花生子粒中铁的吸收量是单作的两倍多。     

波尔多液营养保护剂对花生黄化症的矫治及生长效应的影响

选用山东省花生主产区的代表性石灰性土壤,通过土培试验的方法,研究了3种不同形态铁的波尔多液营养保护剂BNPP-NFe、BNPP-EFe、BNPP-RFe和美国铜基杀菌剂Kocide 4种可湿性粉剂矫治花生缺铁黄化症,以及对花生生长效应的影响。结果表明,与CK(喷清水)相比,喷施BNPP-NFe后,花生叶绿素、活性铁、全铁含量都有显著提高,并且BNPP-NFe、BNPP-EFe和BNPP-RFe处理的产量比CK分别提高92％～115％、67％～98％以及90％～94％。BNPP-NFe处理与Kocide处理相比,花生叶片活性铁和全铁含量差异显著,分别提高77.12％～139%以及29.01％～120%,产量提高27.5％～37.6％。3种不同的波尔多液营养保护剂以BNPP-NFe效果最好,且优于美国Kocide产品。     

农作物对秦山核电站周围不同类型土壤中~（90）Sr的吸收

利用￣（５９）Ｆｅ研究了有机会合亚铁肥ＹＡＴＥ防治花生黄化病的效果。结果表明，ＹＡＴＥ在植株叶片中的数量明显高于ＦｅＳＯ４，ＦｅＳＯ４肥易随新生叶的生长而转移，ＹＡＴＥ对老叶的转绿效果较好。     

喷施不同铁肥对草莓铁养分吸收和品质的影响

以草莓"甜查理"为试材,研究叶面喷施硫酸亚铁、EDTA-Fe和小分子有机螯合铁3种铁肥对草莓生长发育、品质和铁养分吸收的影响。结果表明:1)喷施3种铁肥均能提高叶片活性铁含量、SPAD值以及过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。其中,喷施小分子有机螯合铁处理的效果明显优于硫酸亚铁和EDTA-Fe处理,较清水对照分别显著提高76.44%、6.25%、180.00%和61.72%;2)与对照相比,施用小分子有机螯合铁和EDTA-Fe的草莓果品铁含量分别显著提高35.46%和27.79%,而喷施硫酸亚铁处理对其影响不显著。同时,喷施小分子有机螯合铁果实的糖酸比和可溶性固形物最高,较对照分别提高了18.70%和30.89%,差异显著;3)相关分析结果表明,叶片活性铁含量均与SPAD值、过氧化氢酶及过氧化物酶活性呈极显著线性正相关,果实铁含量与糖酸比呈显著线性正相关。因此,喷施铁肥可提高草莓叶片相关酶的活性和铁养分含量,促进其生长发育,并在一定程度上调控草莓果实铁元素的累积,同时改善果实品质,3种铁肥中以小分子有机螯合铁肥在草莓上应用效果最佳。     

Timing and rate of iron chelate application to correct chlorosis of peanut

The timing and rate of application of iron (Fe) chelates (seques‐trene 138 Fe) to correct Fe chlorosis of peanut grown on calcareous soils was studied for three seasons (1985–87) in seven experiments. It was found that the biological yield of peanut increased up to the highest rate of chelate used (8 g/m²). However, under the existing prices of the chelate and peanuts, application is financially untenable above 4 g/m². The time of chelate application should not be at sowing, but after the crop becomes chlorotic. Even though the yield differences between early application at branching, 25 to 30 days after emergence, and an application at anthesis, 45 to 50 days after emergence, was small, the trend in yield and size of nuts favored the earlier application. Therefore, it is recommended that the application of the Fe chelate be at the early stages of plant development, particularly in cases of severe chlorosis.     

不同有机肥源对土壤微生物生物量及花生产量的影响

通过盆栽试验,采用平板计数法和DGGE分析法,研究施用化肥与不同来源的有机肥对土壤微生物生物量及花生产量的影响.结果表明,施肥均显著提高了花生的经济产量与生物产量,其中以施用麸酸有机复混肥处理最高;土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌总量以施用鸡粪处理最高,其他处理差别不大;土壤微生物总DNA提取、PCR扩增及其产物DGGE分析表明,施用各品种有机肥较不施肥与施用化肥促进了土壤某些微生物量的提高,而施用不同有机肥品种促使不同种类微生物量的提高.故不同有机肥源对土壤微生物生物量乃至其多样性特征均产生影响.     

Effectiveness of iron chelates and FeSO4 for correcting iron chlorosis of peanut on calcareous soils

The effectivenness of different Fe chelates to correct lime induced chlorosis of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was tested on calcareous soils in Cyprus. Among the chelates tested, Fe‐DTPA and Fe‐EDTA were less effective than Fe‐EDDHA. In one experiment. Fe‐EDDHMA Was less effective while in another experiment was equally effective compared to Fe‐EDDHA . Three different commercial chelates of the form Fe‐EDDHA were equally effective in correcting iron chlorosis. The stability of the Fe‐EDDHA chelate in the soil does not affect its efficiency in curing chlorosis of peanut due to the short growing season for this crop. Ferrous sulfate applied without an acidifying soil amendment was not effective to correct iron chlorosis of peanut.     

Effects of root addition and foliar application of nitric oxide and salicylic acid in alleviating iron deficiency induced chlorosis of peanut seedlings

Nitric oxide (NO) and salicylic acid (SA) are two important signaling molecules, which could alleviate chlorosis of peanut under iron (Fe) deficiency. Here, we further investigated the mechanism of different combinations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a nitric oxide donor) and SA supplying in alleviation Fe deficiency symptoms and selected which is the best combination. Thus, peanut was cultivated in hydroponic culture under iron limiting condition with different combinations of SNP and SA application. After 21 days, Fe deficiency significantly inhibited peanut growth, decreased soluble Fe concentration and chlorophyll contents, and disturbed ionic homeostasis. In addition, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased, which led the lipid peroxidation. Application of SNP and SA significantly changed Fe trafficking in cells and organs, which increased Fe uptake from nutrient solution, and transport from root to shoot, enhanced the activity of ferric-chelate reductase (FCR), that increased the available Fe in cell organelles, and the active Fe, chlorophyll contents in leaves. Furthermore, ameliorated the inhibition of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) uptake and promoted plant growth in Fe deficiency. At the same time, it increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) to protect the plasmolemma from peroxidation. Results demonstrated that different combinations of SNP and SA application could alleviate the chlorosis of peanut in Fe deficiency by various mechanisms. Such as increased the available Fe and chlorophyll concentrations in leaves, improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes and modulated the mineral elements balance and so on. Foliar application of SNP and SA is the best to protect leaves while directly adding them into nutrient solution is the best to protect roots. These results also indicated that the effects of SNP and SA supplying together to leaves or roots are better than respectively adding to roots and spraying to leaves. The best combination is foliar application of SNP and SA.     

小麦与花生间作改善花生铁营养的效应研究

采用砂-土联合培养根箱试验装置,模拟田间试验研究石灰性土壤小麦与花生间作改善花生Fe营养的效应结果表明,石灰性土壤高pH和高CaCO3是导致花生缺Fe黄化的主要原因。叶片已发生黄化的花生与小麦间作可明显改善花生缺Fe症状,间作16d后花生根际土壤有效铁含量、花生新叶叶绿素和活性Fe含量均显著提高。小麦与花生间作对改善花生Fe营养的效应可能与缺Fe小麦根分泌的Fe载体对土壤中Fe活化有关。     

灭菌土壤玉米一花生混作对花生铁营养的影响研究

盆栽试验研究灭菌土壤玉米 花生混作对花生植株Fe营养与根际土壤有效铁的影响结果表明 ,玉米 花生混作可显著提高花生新叶叶绿素及活性铁含量 ,下针初期可增加花生地上部全Fe含量和根际土壤活性铁含量 ,混作在改善花生Fe营养过程中始终起主导作用 ;而灭菌土壤处理则仅在花生生长早期有利于改善其Fe营养状况     

Comparative study on the effectiveness of several iron compounds in the iron chlorosis correction in citrus plants

A comparative study was carried out on the effectiveness of several commercial Fe‐compounds applied through the soil as well as via leaf spray, with a view to control the Fe‐chlorosis in Verna lemon trees directly grafted on sour orange rootstock, with a Salustiano orange tree as intermediate. The results obtained during 1985 confirm the conclusions of previous experiments: The most effective treatments were the leaf spray with Fe‐polyflavonoids, though it is interesting that Fe‐chelates applied to soil were also highly effective, as Fe leaf levels were higher than 100 ppm one month after treatments.     

Co-situs application of controlled-release fertilizers to alleviate iron chlorosis of paddy rice grown in calcareous soil

Abstract

Co-situs is the placement with one application of a sufficient amount of controlled-release fertilizer for an entire growing season at any site, together with seeds or seedlings, without causing fertilizer salt injury. An experiment was conducted to find an efficient method for ameliorating Fe deficiency in two rice cultivars (cv. Tsukinohikari and cv. Sasanishiki) grown in a calcareous soil (pH 9.2, CaCO₃ 384 g kg^?1), which was poor in organic matter (0.1 g kg^?1) and available Fe (3.0 μg g^?1 soil). The field treatments consisted of co-situs application of the following fertilizers: 1) controlled-release NPK fertilizer (CRF-NPK) containing no micronutrients; 2) controlled-release NPK fertilizer containing micronutrients (CRF-M1); and 3) controlled-release NPK fertilizer containing micronutrients (CRF-M2). The main difference between CRF-M1 and CRF-M2 was that the former had larger granules than the latter. All the fertilizers were placed in contact with the roots of rice seedlings at transplanting time. Plants in the CRF-M1 and CRF-M2 treatments had similar lengths, number of stems, leaf age, and leaf color (SPAR value) during the cultivation period. By contrast, plants from the CRF-NPK treatments grew poorly, showed severe chlorosis symptoms of Fe deficiency, and all died on 30 DAT. Plants of both cultivars accumulated more macroand micronutrients with the CRF-M2 treatment than with the CRF-M1 treatment. The grain yield of cv. Tsukinohikari was 0.0, 1,910, and 2,160 kg ha^?1 for the CRF-NPK, CRF-M1, and CRF-M2 treatments, respectively, and 0.0, 2,490, and 2,860 kg ha^?1 for the same treatments for cv. Nihonbare. Chlorosis due to iron deficiency was successfully ameliorated and world-average grain yields were obtained with the co-sites application of both controlled-release fertilizers.     

Mineral composition of peach leaves affected by iron chlorosis

The effect of Fe chlorosis on the mineral composition of field grown peach tree leaves was studied in two different areas. No significant differences in total Fe content were found, whereas 2,2’ bipyridyl extractable Fe, K and the K/Ca ratio were significantly affected in both experiments. Phosphorus and the P/Fe ratio were significantly affected only in one experiment.