牛初乳生物因子提取物对人体肠道细胞CaCO-2生长性能的影响

初乳是自然界中唯一含有两类主要生长因子(类胰岛素生长因子和转化生长因子)的天然产物。乳源生长因子对人体肠道具有显著的生理功能,可使新生幼体完成从胎盘营养到肠道营养的转变。本研究以CaCO-2细胞系作为人体肠道细胞模型,测定初乳乳清、乳清超滤物和乳清阳离子交换提取物对人体肠道细胞代谢活性和DNA复制能力的影响。结果表明,初乳乳清超滤物(截留分子质量990ku)0.01μg·mL-1条件下,具有最高的促细胞代谢活性,为10%胎牛血清的1.70倍。乳清阳离子交换提取物在更低的浓度下具有活性。酸乳清100ku超滤滤出物在0.01μg·mL-1质量浓度下,具有10%胎牛血清2.57倍促DNA复制活性。     

Nucleotide sequence of a bovine clone encoding the angiogenic protein, basic fibroblast growth factor

Basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors (FGF's) are potent mitogens for capillary endothelial cells in vitro, stimulate angiogenesis in vivo, and may participate in tissue repair. An oligonucleotide probe for bovine basic FGF was designed from the nucleotide sequence of the amino-terminal exon of bovine acidic FGF, taking into account the 55 percent amino acid sequence homology between the two factors. With this oligonucleotide probe, a full length complementary DNA for basic FGF was isolated from bovine pituitary. Basic FGF in bovine hypothalamus was shown to be encoded by a single 5.0-kilobase messenger RNA; in a human hepatoma cell line, both 4.6- and 2.2-kilobase basic FGF messenger RNA's were present. Both growth factors seem to be synthesized with short amino-terminal extensions that are not found on the isolated forms for which the amino acid sequences have been determined. Neither basic nor acidic FGF has a classic signal peptide.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angiogenic mitogen

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was purified from media conditioned by bovine pituitary folliculostellate cells (FC). VEGF is a heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells that is able to induce angiogenesis in vivo. Complementary DNA clones for bovine and human VEGF were isolated from cDNA libraries prepared from FC and HL60 leukemia cells, respectively. These cDNAs encode hydrophilic proteins with sequences related to those of the A and B chains of platelet-derived growth factor. DNA sequencing suggests the existence of several molecular species of VEGF. VEGFs are secreted proteins, in contrast to other endothelial cell mitogens such as acidic or basic fibroblast growth factors and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor. Human 293 cells transfected with an expression vector containing a bovine or human VEGF cDNA insert secrete an endothelial cell mitogen that behaves like native VEGF.     

牛瘤胃微生物菌群变化及其影响因素

牛的瘤胃中富含各种微生物,微生物与瘤胃之间互生互利,对于牛的生长发育具有重要作用。本研究对牛瘤胃中常见的微生物菌群及其变化特征进行了综述,对影响牛瘤胃中微生物菌群变化的因素进行分析,以期为牛的生长发育、疾病防控和质量安全提供科学有效的指导。     

Induction by soluble factors of organized axial structures in chick epiblasts

Inductive action of soluble factors was tested on isolated chick epiblasts. An assay was developed wherein conditioned medium derived from the Xenopus XTC cell line induced the formation of a full-length notochord and rows of bilaterally symmetric somites. Basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, retinoic acid, and transforming growth factor type B1 and B2 were not capable of inducing axial structures. Thus, soluble factors can elicit the development of polarity stored in the epiblast and behave as true morphogens since they can induce the formation of the organized complex structures that constitute the embryonic axis.     

Angiogenic factors

Within the past 2 years, several angiogenic factors have been fully purified, their amino acid sequences determined, and their genes cloned. These polypeptides include acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor, angiogenin, and transforming growth factors alpha and beta. Other less well characterized angiogenesis factors have also been isolated, some of which are lipids. This article traces the discovery of the angiogenic factors and describes their possible significance in understanding growth regulation of the vascular system. When evaluated according to their putative targets, they appear to fall into two groups: those that act directly on vascular endothelial cells to stimulate locomotion or mitosis, and those that act indirectly by mobilizing host cells (for example, macrophages) to release endothelial growth factors. In addition to their presence in tumors undergoing neovascularization, the same angiogenic peptides are found in many normal tissues where neovascularization is not occurring. This suggests that physiological expression of angiogenic factors is tightly regulated. In addition to the persistent angiogenesis induced by tumors, it now appears that a variety of nonneoplastic diseases, previously thought to be unrelated, can be considered as "angiogenic diseases" because they are dominated by the pathologic growth of capillary blood vessels.     

鲁西黄牛成纤维细胞MSTN基因敲除研究

肌肉生长抑制素(Myostatin,MSTN)又称GDF-8,属于转化生长因子超家族,是在骨骼肌中广泛表达的一类糖蛋白。试验根据已知牛MSTN基因的序列设计引物,通过PCR技术克隆获得同源长短臂,利用pPNT质粒为骨架构建含有loxP-Neo-loxP结构的打靶载体,然后利用脂质体转染鲁西黄牛成纤维细胞,G418和GANC双向筛选,收集打靶细胞,PCR法进行鉴定,初步确定筛选到的细胞为MSTN基因敲除细胞,为后续试验获得MSTN基因敲除牛奠定了基础。     

牛卵母细胞体外成熟技术研究进展

牛卵母细胞体外成熟是一项重要的繁殖生物技术,但是由于卵母细胞没有经历体内促黄体激素（LH）峰启动前的生长过程及生物事件干扰了胞质成熟,导致体外发育能力低于体内成熟的卵母细胞。卵母细胞成熟过程复杂,涉及细胞核、细胞质及分子成熟。牛卵母细胞体外成熟受多种因素影响,其中包括卵母细胞来源、颗粒细胞与卵母细胞间相互作用及体外培养环境等。迄今为止,为了提高牛卵母细胞的体外发育能力,许多学者模拟卵母细胞体内环境发展了一些新的体外成熟技术,诸如体外延迟自发恢复减数分裂成熟、外源卵母细胞分泌因子促进卵母细胞体外成熟及模拟生理条件下卵母细胞成熟等方法。本文综述了牛卵母细胞成熟过程、影响卵母细胞体外成熟因素及近年来提高牛卵母细胞体外成熟的新方法。     

牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒地方株动物回归试验

【目的】自流产奶牛粪便及血液中分离得到的非细胞病变型牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒(BVDV),为了解分离毒株的特性,进行回归动物试验;【方法】将此分离毒回归2月龄健康犊牛,接毒25天后扑杀剖检,观察临床症状及病理变化。自犊牛体内采取脾、骨髓、肠淋巴结及血液接种MDBK细胞进行培养,分离病毒,进行细胞传代,将此细胞毒进行RT-PCR检测;【结果】犊牛表现为典型的急性病毒性腹泻症状和病变。自病料分离病毒经MDBK细胞盲传至第9代,均未出现细胞病变。将此细胞毒进行RT-PCR检测,扩增出相应的665bp的片段;【结论】将分离株接种易感犊牛以复制出BVD-MD病症,并从试验牛体内分离得到BVDV,从而进一步确证分离到的毒株属BVDV。     

牛乳腺上皮细胞体外分离、培养和鉴定的研究

建立可用于基因打靶的乳腺上皮细胞系是乳腺生物反应器研制的重要环节,分别采用胰蛋白酶、胶原酶及其两者的混合消化液分离获得了包括少量成纤维细胞在内的原代牛乳腺上皮细胞,比较了不同消化方法的优缺点。利用Trypsin-EDTA阶段消化法在体外培养牛乳腺上皮细胞,观察了此细胞培养到第5代、10代、15代和20代时的细胞形态特征和生长特性,比较了该细胞在胶原基质和混合型基质包被培养皿中的培养效果。以乳腺腺泡上皮细胞中的细胞特征蛋白角蛋白18为标志,利用角蛋白18单克隆抗体进行了细胞免疫组化鉴定,证明分离培养细胞的上皮特性。     

Concentration Variations of Growth Factors in Colostrum and Normal Milk of Sows

An experiment was conducted to determine the concentration variation of epidermal growth factors (EGF), include insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ), transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in colostrum and normal milk of sows within 35 days after parturition. The results showed that the concentration of EGF, IGF-Ⅰ, TGF-β, bFGF was significantly higher in colostrum than that in normal milk. The concentration of these growth factors in colostrum was significantly decreased with the stage lapse of lactation, and then they remained stable in normal milk. Parity had a slight effect on the concentration of these growth factors.     

牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒地方株的分离及RT-PCR鉴定

自疑似牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病的流产奶牛粪便及血液中分离得到一株不产生细胞病变的病毒,经双抗体夹心ELISA检测及RT-PCR扩增进一步证实该病毒为牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒。     

城市绿地系统有机更新“四化”法研究

如何对城市绿地系统在现有基础上作进一步改造与更新,以期更加优化和完善,是目前国内许多城市新一轮绿地系统建设中面临的普遍而紧迫的课题。以河北省武安市为例,鲜明提出了“化孤立为系统,化单一为多样,化平淡为特色,化滞后为先进”（“四化”）的更新思路,并探索了如何实现这一思路的问题。图2表1参5     

Insulin-like growth factors: a role in growth hormone negative feedback and body weight regulation via brain

Intracerebroventricular administration of ILA's, a preparation enriched in insulin-like growth factors, caused a marked decrease in growth hormone secretory episodes and in body weight associated with reduced food intake over 24 hours. Central injection of insulin and bovine serum albumin had no such effects. These findings suggest that insulin-like growth factors play a role in growth hormone negative feedback and body weight regulation at the level of the central nervous system.     

Cell culture perfusion chamber: adaptation for microscopy of clonal growth

Silicone rubber O-rings used as gaskets in Sykes-Moore cell culture perfusion chambers are permeable to carbon dioxide. When small numbers of cells are planted in such chambers, loss of carbon dioxide leads to an undesirable increase in pH and inhibits cell multiplication. Substitution of Teflon O-rings prevents this loss and allows a constant carbon dioxide tension to be maintained within the chamber. The rate of growth and plating efficiency of small numbers of cells planted in the modified chambers have been found to be comparable to those observed in conventional culture vessels. The necessary additional parts of the chamber are described, and the modifications in procedure outlined.     

石羊河流域绿洲农业发展对水资源转化影响的人工神经网络模拟研究

基于石羊河流域绿洲农业发展对水资源转化影响机理的分析,概化了影响流域水资源转化的主要水土资源开发利用要素和反映水资源转化响应结果的状态变量,建立了以水土资源开发利用要素为输入端、以水资源转化响应结果为输出端的BP人工神经网络模型,并利用多年实测资料对该模型进行了训练和检验。检验结果表明,其精度达到了预期要求。利用该模型能够进行流域水土资源开发利用对水资源转化影响的模拟研究。