Response of Platanus orientalis leaves to urban pollution by heavy metals

Atmospheric pollution is an important concern in urban environments.The impact of urban pollution on the physiological,biochemical and anatomical properties of leaves of oriental plane(Platanus orientalis L.)was studied.The leaves were collected from an urban site(Tehran,Iran)and a non-urban forest park(Chitgar Forest Park).Anatomical(stomata,parenchyma,and cuticle)and physiological(chlorophyll content,enzyme activities)properties were analyzed.The concentrations of Cd(cadmium),Pb(lead),Ni(nickel),and Cr(chromium)in leaves were significantly higher and Zn(zinc)lower at the urban site relative to the forest park.Chlorophyll a,total chlorophyll,and carotenoid content in leaves of the urban site were significantly less than those of the forest park,but there was no significant difference in chlorophyll b.In addition,the activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,ascorbate peroxidase,and guaiacol peroxidase in urban leaves were significantly higher than in the leaves of the forest park.In the urban area,leaves experienced a significant decrease in leaf surface area,stomata density,stomata pore area,epidermis,and spongy mesophyll thickness,but a significant increase in cuticle and palisade thicknesses relative to forest park leaves.The increase in enzyme activities may indicate that the trees are attempting to cope with increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)because of pollution-induced stress.Our study suggests that oriental plane trees alter their physiological and anatomical properties when living in a polluted urban environment.     

香花槐无性繁殖技术

香花槐不结种子,可进行埋根繁殖、枝条扦插、组织培养无性繁殖。通过埋根繁殖成活率可达95%以上;枝条扦插繁殖需采取措施处理插条,促其生根;通过组织培养,筛选出适宜的培养基,可快速大量繁殖出整齐一致的香花槐苗,成活率可达96%。     

刺槐组织培养繁殖技术

将刺槐的嫩芽接种于不同激素浓度的MS培养基上 ,在同一温度、不同 pH值下培养 ,结果表明 :MS +BA 0 . 5mg·L-1+NAA 0 . 0 5mg·L-1+蔗糖 30g·L-1对芽的分化、增殖效果最好 ;最佳的生根培养基为 :1/ 2MS+IAA 1 0mg·L-1+蔗糖 30g·L-1+1%AC ;最佳的pH值范围是 5 . 8～ 6 . 2。     

刺槐的经营与开发利用

刺槐（ＲｏｂｉｎｉａｐｓｅｕｄｏａｃａｃｉａＬ．）系豆科（Ｌｅｇｕｍｉｎｏｓａｅ）刺槐属（ＲｏｂｉｎｉａＬ．）落叶乔木,是华北、西北等地区良好的用材、保持水土、防风固沙、改良土壤和“四旁”绿化树种。刺槐木材质重而坚硬,抗压强度高,宜作矿柱材和桩材。其...     

四倍体刺槐育苗技术

四倍体刺槐是我国近年从韩国引进的多倍体刺槐新品种 ,分速生用材型和饲料型两个类型。速生用材型与普通刺槐相似 ,但速生性更为明显 ,扦插苗当年高度可达 3m,地径 3.5cm,栽植 3年树高 5m,胸径 6cm。饲料型刺槐无刺 ,呈灌木状 ,主干不明显 ,叶子大小为普通刺槐 2倍以上 ,叶肉肥厚 ,叶子鲜重为普通刺槐的 2倍～ 3倍。饲料型刺槐复叶中的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分含量均较普通刺槐高 2 0 %～ 80 %。四倍体刺槐较普通刺槐具有更强的适应性 ,耐干旱瘠薄 ,耐烟尘 ,抗盐碱 ,成林快 ,是水土保持、防风固沙、退耕还林、发展畜牧的好树种。现介绍四倍体…     

大连地区法国梧桐繁育技术

法国梧桐是大连地区应用最广泛的园林绿化树种。文章介绍了法国梧桐的形态特征及生态习性，总结其繁育技术。     

饲料型四倍体刺槐的组培快繁技术

为了建立四倍体刺槐的组培快繁技术体系,以饲料型四倍体刺槐为材料,分别利用顶芽、侧芽和茎段为外植体,进行组织培养条件的筛选,以筛选最适的培养条件、增殖培养基和生根培养基。结果表明:以MS为基本培养基,选用顶芽作为外植体,萌发率较高、污染率较低。顶芽作为外植体以暗培养的条件较为适宜,而侧芽和茎段作为外植体以光照条件下培养较为适宜。同时增殖的最适培养基为MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 0.6 mg/L,生根的最适培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L。     

悬铃木体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生

以叶片为材料 ,研究了悬铃木的体细胞胚胎发生及其植株再生。结果表明 ,悬铃木幼苗叶片在WPM 0 1mg·L- 1 IBA 5 0mg·L- 1 BA培养基上的愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织诱导率分别为 10 0 %和 89 1% ;2 5℃的温度有利于胚性愈伤组织在WPM 0 5mg·L- 1 BA培养基上进行体细胞胚胎发生 ;黑暗低温处理 (10℃ ) 3d不但可以促进体细胞胚胎的发生过程 ,而且可以提高其发生频率。     

刺槐资源的开发利用

介绍了刺槐全树利用的可能性，除木材有广泛用途外，其叶可作饲料添加剂，花可提制香料和药用，果实种子制槐豆胶，并在此基础上对刺槐林的利用途径提出了建议。     

桥山林区法桐扦插育苗技术

本文立足桥山林区立地条件,根据法桐的生物学特性,法桐扦插育苗应把好插穗采集、插穗储藏、整地、插穗处理、扦插及扦插后管理等技术环节,为黄土高原地区法桐育苗提供技术保障.     

秦皇岛市刺槐叶瘿蚊发生情况初报

通过对秦皇岛市范围内槐树的踏查与局部详查,基本掌握了刺槐叶瘿蚊在该市的发生面积、危害树种与危害程度,并进行了初步防治试验。     

大犁开沟进行刺槐皆伐更新技术

刺槐萌蘖性强,用大犁对其采伐迹地犁沟,切断侧根,促进萌生,形成林分,节约费用见效快。     

刺槐硬枝扦插繁殖技术研究

采用不同种类和不同浓度的激素处理刺槐插穗以及扦插后地膜覆盖,对刺槐硬枝扦插技术进行研究。结果表明:激素NAA和IBA处理均能提高刺槐硬枝扦插的成活率,并且2种激素均以500 mg/L的浓度为最适浓度;NAA处理的插穗较IBA处理的成活率略高。地膜覆盖也能提高刺槐硬枝扦插的成活率。     

四倍体刺槐造林试验初报

金州区开展了速生型四倍体刺槐造林试验,结果表明:该树适应性强,耐干旱、耐瘠薄,在土壤粘重、水肥条件较差的地方均能生长,幼龄林生长量是普通刺槐的2倍。该树种可望成为辽南地区营造速生林和普通刺槐林更新改造的首选树种。     

人工刺槐林更新方式初探

本文通过对桥山林业局建庄林场人工刺槐林采取两种更新后的径流情况观测、研究,分析总结出人工刺槐林的最佳更新方式,为刺槐林更新改造提供参考。     

四倍体刺槐与刺槐光合速率日变化差异

为了解四倍体刺槐与刺槐光合生理生态特性的差异,及生长的适宜生态条件,培育出优质高产的林木,采用LI—6400便携式光合测定系统对四倍体刺槐和刺槐的光合生理特性日变化进行了研究。结果表明:①四倍体刺槐的净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈"单峰"型曲线,最高峰值出现在10:30左右;刺槐的Pn日变化呈"双峰型"曲线,有明显的"午休"现象,第一个峰出现在9:00左右,第二个峰出现在15:00左右,第一个峰值明显高于第二个峰值。②Tr在很大程度上决定于气孔的活动状态。③四倍体刺槐的光合能力>刺槐。④四倍体刺槐与刺槐的Pn与Gs成极显著正相关,与Tr成显著性正相关。⑤刺槐对环境的适应能力强于四倍体刺槐。     

香花槐繁育及栽培技术

香花槐为我国广泛栽培的一种美化绿化树种。香花槐常采用埋根段和枝条扦插繁殖。在集安市,栽植当年树高可达2~3 m,主侧根长可达2 m,绝大多数苗木栽植第二年即可开花。     

Morphology and leaf nutrition of introduced Robinia pseudoacacia clones

In order to study and popularize clones from the introduced Robinia pseudoacacia, morphological charac- teristics and leaf nutrition of samples of a three-year-old stand were observed and analyzed during its growing season. Combined with data on rooting ability, height and basal diameter, comparisons were made on morphological characteristics, growth traits and leaf nutrition of 11 introduced R. pseudoacacia clones (two from Hungary and nine from South Korea) and two domestic clones. The results show that there are significant differences in growth and morphological characteristics among the 13 clones, but no significant differences in the contents of crude protein and crude fibers in the leaves (p > 0.05). Height and basal diameter growth of clones B and G were recorded as the fastest, while clone H1 was the slowest. Clone H2 had the largest leaflets, three times as large as other clones, while K4 had the heaviest dry weight per 100 leaflets because of its thick leaves. The 13 clones can be divided into four classes based on the number of leaflets per compound leaf, i.e., 1-3, 13-17, 15-23 and 21-25. There were significant differences in thorn size: H2 , with the largest leaflets had the smallest thorns. While of course all clones produced roots, there were significant differences; clones 2N, K5 and B had many adventitious roots, while clones K3 , K4 and H1 had few. Correlation between content of crude protein and (length × width of leaf) was positive (p < 0.05), while correlations of the content of crude protein, with the number of leaflets per compound leaf, petiole length of compound leaf and thorn length were negative (p < 0.01). Plant height and basal diameter were positively correlated with each other (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with base width of thorns (p < 0.05) .     

香花槐繁殖栽培

通过香花槐引种繁殖和栽培试验，结果表明：香花槐速生，优质，易繁殖，一年两次开花．是绿化、美化、香化、水保、蜜源等多功能的树种，表现好，可推广。