燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料配方优化及工艺研究

以燕麦和鹰嘴豆为原料,参考联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织（FAO/WHO）规定的氨基酸组成标准模式,确定了燕麦和鹰嘴豆最佳氨基酸互补质量比为138∶18。在单因素试验的基础上对燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料配方进行正交试验优化,并在最佳复合饮料配方基础上,通过响应面试验对其稳定性进行优化。结果表明,燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料最佳配方为：料液比（燕麦鹰嘴豆复合粉∶水）1∶16（g/mL）,白砂糖添加量20 g/L,柠檬酸添加量2 g/L,在此条件下配制的复合饮料口感最佳,感官评分为88.63±0.97分;燕麦鹰嘴豆复合饮料最佳稳定剂配方为：羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）添加量0.8 g/L,黄原胶添加量0.5 g/L,海藻酸钠添加量0.3 g/L,在此条件下复合饮料稳定性最高,离心沉淀率为12.40%±0.07%。该试验结果为谷豆类复合饮料加工提供了理论支撑。     

薏米 荞麦 百香果复合谷物饮料的研究

以薏米和荞麦为原料,通过酶解的方式得到较为稳定的薏米汁和荞麦汁,再加入百香果汁、木糖醇和柠檬酸来丰富复合谷物饮料的口感,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化薏米荞麦复合谷物饮料的最佳配方,并对复合谷物饮料的稳定性进行研究。结果表明,复合谷物饮料的最佳配方为薏米汁添加量35%,荞麦汁添加量15%,百香果汁添加量10%,木糖醇添加量10%,柠檬酸添加量0.05%。按照此配方生产的薏米荞麦复合谷物饮料酸甜适口、香气浓郁、口感适宜、质地均匀,是营养价值高的休闲饮料。     

高效降解亚硝酸盐乳酸菌冻干剂的制备及降解特性研究

近年来,作为健康营养谷物的燕麦和荞麦,越来越受到消费者的青睐。燕麦米、燕麦片、荞麦米、苦荞茶已经成为人们养生的新选择。     

燕麦汁饮料生产过程HACCP质量控制的研究

研究了燕麦汁饮料生产过程中的HACCP质量控制体系,分析各工艺环节中可能存在的危害,确定了关键控制点和监测纠偏措施.在提出燕麦汁饮料生产工艺的同时建立了HACCP计划,可有效保证产品的质量安全.     

谷物乳酸发酵饮料生产工艺的研究进展

本文叙述了谷物乳酸发酵饮料的研究现状,对各种工艺的关键技术进行了比较,分析了存在的问题和解决方案,并对谷物乳酸发酵饮料的发展前景进行了展望。     

发芽燕麦研究进展

发芽谷物的研究越来越受到广大学者的关注,燕麦因具有丰富的营养和卓越的保健功效而备受世界瞩目,燕麦通过发芽,可富集和提高营养和功效成分,实现燕麦营养价值的再次转变,发芽燕麦功能性食品的开发,是对燕麦产品研究的突破。本文综述了发芽对燕麦营养成分和加工品质的影响,燕麦制麦工艺以及发芽燕麦在食品中的应用现状,展望了发芽燕麦的发展前景,以期为我国燕麦食品的研究和开发提供参考。     

燕麦的功能特性及研究现状

为了进一步研究和开发燕麦这一优质的谷物资源,对燕麦的营养成分和功能特效进行整理和分析,并对燕麦加工食品研究现状进行概括,探究燕麦食品在市场的发展,为今后该类食品的开发提供参考。     

普通玉米饮料的研制

研究了以普通玉米籽粒为原料加工谷物饮料的生产工艺,得出了普通玉米饮料加工的关键技术,通过该技术可以得到营养价值高,口感较好的普通玉米饮料。     

超高压杀菌技术在苹果燕麦复合饮料中的应用

应用超高压杀菌技术有效改善了苹果燕麦复合饮料热杀菌产生的蒸煮味问题;升压至300 MPa,保持压力3 min后迅速升压至600 MPa时再保持压力7 min;产品麦香味和苹果味明显,组织状态稳定品尝不到蒸煮味,苹果燕麦复合饮料的口感清爽、酸甜适中,麦香味和苹果味明显。     

金针菇燕麦桑葚复合保健饮料的研制

以金针菇、燕麦和桑葚为主要原料研制一种复合保健饮料,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了饮料的最佳配方。结果表明,燕麦汁、桑葚汁和金针菇汁为4∶3∶3时,复合饮料感官品质最好。通过正交试验确定的其他辅料的添加量为白砂糖4%,柠檬酸0.08%,黄原胶0.10%,蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.05%。所制备的复合饮料呈明亮的鲜紫色,风味浓郁协调、口感细腻爽滑,是一种具有开发潜力的新型保健饮料。     

全燕麦香酥饼包装货架期预测研究

将全燕麦香酥饼采用PE袋、PE袋+脱氧剂、真空包装袋+抽真空3种方式进行包装,研究其常温储藏条件下对感官品质的影响,并对真空包装的全燕麦香酥饼储藏期间脂肪酸价和过氧化值进行测定,建立数学模型,结合感官品质评价对该产品进行货架期预测。结果表明,全燕麦香酥饼采用真空包装方式的保质期较长,综合酸价、过氧化值和感官品质评定结果,常温下全燕麦香酥饼的货架期为10个月。     

燕麦种间杂种F1的形态学与细胞遗传学研究

通过远缘杂交，结合杂种幼胚培养，获得了普通栽培燕麦(0001，Avena sativa，2n=42，AACCDD)与野生大燕麦(0034， A. magna，2n=28，AACC)，东方燕麦(0025，A. orientalis，2n=42，AACCDD)与野生大燕麦(0027，A. magna，2n=28，AACC)的杂种F1，其杂交结实率分别为8.00%和8.11%。对杂种F1花粉母细胞(PMC)减数分裂中期Ⅰ(MⅠ)染     

裸燕麦种质资源AFLP标记遗传多样性分析

用20对AFLP引物组合对281份栽培裸燕麦(Avena nuda)进行遗传多样性分析,共得到1137条带,其中260条为多态性带,引物的平均多态性百分率为22.96%,平均多样性信息指数(PIC)为0.0326.以地理来源分组,不同来源的组群Simpson指数在1.235～1.495之间,Shannon指数范围为0.1558～0.4437,组群内变异贡献率为83.45%,组群间变异占16.55%.组群大小与多态性位点数、组群内变异贡献率、Simpson指数及Shannon指数显著相关.内蒙古和山西资源多样性丰富,东北地区资源独特,西部地区资源遗传结构单一,东欧组群与中国内蒙古组群遗传关系最近.国内组群的遗传多样性水平高于国外组群.地方品种与育成品种相比,组群内变异贡献率较高.建议在遗传多样性丰富地区进一步收集裸燕麦资源,并加强对材料少、代表性较差的地区,如中国西北和西南地区的裸燕麦地方品种的收集,以丰富我国的裸燕麦基因源.     

裸燕麦品质资源AFLP标记遗传多样性分析

用20对AFLP引物组合对281份栽培裸燕麦(Avena nuda)进行遗传多样性分析,共得到1 137条带,其中260条为多态性带,引物的平均多态性百分率为22.96%,平均多样性信息指数(PIC)为0.0326。以地理来源分组,不同来源的组群Simpson指数在1.235~1.495之间,Shannon指数范围为0.1558~0.4437,组群内变异贡献率为83.45%,组群间变异占16.55%。组群大小与多态性位点数、组群内变异贡献率、Simpson指数及Shannon指数显著相关。内蒙古和山西资源多样性丰富,东北地区资源独特,西部地区资源遗传结构单一,东欧组群与内蒙古组群遗传关系最近。国内组群的遗传多样性水平高于国外组群。地方品种与育成品种相比,组群内变异贡献率较高。建议在遗传多样性丰富地区进一步收集裸燕麦资源,并加强对材料少、代表性较差的地区,如西北和西南地区的裸燕麦地方品种的收集,以丰富我国的裸燕麦基因源。     

The mechanical roles of the clasping leaf sheath in cereals: Two case studies from oat and wheat plants

Stem lodging is a common problem in cereal crop production and a main constraint for grain yield improvement. The leaf sheath that surrounds and protects the hollow internodes of stem could provide the plants with a great physical support. However, this biomechanical function has been ignored for several decades in cereal crops. This study aimed to examine the biomechanical properties of basal stem internodes and lodging susceptibility of the whole plants with or without the clasping leaf sheath in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) among different genotypes and agronomic practices (including planting densities and nitrogen application rates). The main objective was to quantify the mechanical role of the leaf sheath in oat and wheat crops by a “safety factor” method. On average, the leaf sheath contributed 40%, 68% and 38% of the overall stem bending strength, flexural rigidity and safety factor, in oat, while it accounted for 11%, 24% and 10%, respectively, in wheat plants. The significant contribution of the leaf sheath is due to its vital role in enlarging the peripheral position (i.e., second moment of area) and stiffness (i.e., Young's modulus). The contribution ratios (%) were found to be higher in oat than in wheat plants, due to the greater mass density of leaf sheath and more proficient/prevailing stay-green capability in oat genotypes. This study emphasizes the important mechanical role of clasping leaf sheath on stem internodes of cereals and indicates that the stay-green trait of the leaf sheath can be exploited to design appropriate varieties with improved lodging resistance and great yield potential.     

White lupine as a beneficial crop in Southern Europe. II. Nitrogen recovery in a legume–oat rotation and a continuous oat–oat

One experiment lasting for two years was carried out at Pegões (central Portugal) to estimate the impact of mature white lupine residue (Lupinus albus L.) on yield of fodder oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Sta. Eulalia) as the next crop in rotation, comparing with the continuous cultivation of cereal, under two tillage practices (conventional tillage and no-till) and fertilized with five mineral nitrogen (N) rates, with three replicates. Oat as a first crop in the rotation provided more N to the agro-ecosystem (63 kg N ha⁻¹) than did lupine (30–59 kg N ha⁻¹). This was at a cost of 100 kg of mineral N ha⁻¹, whereas lupine was grown without addition of N. A positive response of oat as a second crop was obtained per kg of lupine-N added to the system when compared with the continuous oat–oat. The cereal also responded positively to mineral N in the legume amended soil in contrast with the oat–oat sequence where no response was observed, partly due to the fast mineralization rate of lupine residue and a greater soil N immobilization in the continuous oat system. Each kg N ha⁻¹ added to the soil through the application of 73 kg DM ha⁻¹ mature lupine residue (above- and belowground material) increased by 72 kg DM ha⁻¹ the oat biomass produced as the second crop in rotation when 150 kg mineral N ha⁻¹ were split in the season, independent of tillage practice. Mature legume residue conserved in the no-tilled soil depressed the yield of succeeding cereal but less than the continuous oat–oat for both tillage practices, where the application of mineral N did not improve the crop response.     

White lupine as a beneficial crop in Southern Europe. II. Nitrogen recovery in a legume–oat rotation and a continuous oat–oat

One experiment lasting for two years was carried out at Pegões (central Portugal) to estimate the impact of mature white lupine residue (Lupinus albus L.) on yield of fodder oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Sta. Eulalia) as the next crop in rotation, comparing with the continuous cultivation of cereal, under two tillage practices (conventional tillage and no-till) and fertilized with five mineral nitrogen (N) rates, with three replicates. Oat as a first crop in the rotation provided more N to the agro-ecosystem (63 kg N ha⁻¹) than did lupine (30–59 kg N ha⁻¹). This was at a cost of 100 kg of mineral N ha⁻¹, whereas lupine was grown without addition of N. A positive response of oat as a second crop was obtained per kg of lupine-N added to the system when compared with the continuous oat–oat. The cereal also responded positively to mineral N in the legume amended soil in contrast with the oat–oat sequence where no response was observed, partly due to the fast mineralization rate of lupine residue and a greater soil N immobilization in the continuous oat system. Each kg N ha⁻¹ added to the soil through the application of 73 kg DM ha⁻¹ mature lupine residue (above- and belowground material) increased by 72 kg DM ha⁻¹ the oat biomass produced as the second crop in rotation when 150 kg mineral N ha⁻¹ were split in the season, independent of tillage practice. Mature legume residue conserved in the no-tilled soil depressed the yield of succeeding cereal but less than the continuous oat–oat for both tillage practices, where the application of mineral N did not improve the crop response.