稀土饲料添加剂饲养绵羊的剂量选择试验

选用半舍饲的周岁龄青海细毛羊５６只，分为三组，试验１、２组各２０只，对照组１６只。在同等饲养管理条件下，试验１、２组每只羊每日分别添加０．２ｇ和０．１ｇＲＣＦ－３稀土添加剂，进行６０ｄ饲养试验。结果：试验１、２组绵羊平均日增重分别比对照组提高３０．６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和１２．６％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；平均羊毛长度分别比对照组提高２２．１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和５．５％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；经济效益分别比对照组提高２５．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和８．７％（Ｐ＞０．０５％）。试验１组平均日增重，羊毛长度和经济效益分别比２组提高１５．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、１５．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和１５．２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）以试验１组的效果为佳。     

牛羊高效复合蛋白特种饲料对奶畜生产性能的影响

系列饲养试验表明，蛋白质饲料不足时，给奶畜添喂牛羊高效复合蛋白特种饲料（科威４１８），产奶量提高２９．３％（Ｐ＜０．０５），鲜奶品质显著改善，蛋白质饲料相对饲料相对充足时，用科威４１８代精料中２５－１００％的豆饼或豆子，产奶量提高７．９％（Ｐ＜０．０１），饲料转化率提高２５．８６％（Ｐ＜０．０５），鲜奶中常规养分氨基酸含量增加，以上两种情况时每牛每天分别可增收４．５６元和２．１８元；每羊每天科威４     

膨化鸡粪饲料饲喂生长肉猪试验

采用西宁市华青蛋禽公司生产的膨化鸡粪饲料饲喂生长肉猪，试验１、２、３组分别按基础饲粮的１０％、２０％和３０％添加，代替基础饲粮。经６０天试验，试验１、２、３组的平均日增重分别比只喂基础饲粮的对照组提高２３．３２％（Ｐ＜０．０１），１２．３５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和降低６．２３％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；每千克增重分别比对照组节省混合料０．３２ｋｇ、０．２３ｋｇ和０．２８ｋｇ；每千克增重所需的饲料成本分别比对照组节支０．１３元和多支出０．１４元、０．３４元。试验证明，膨化鸡粪饲料以添加１０％为宜，可获得较好的经济效益。     

蛋鸡饲喂稀土饲料添加剂的效果

１９９５年１１月到１９９６年７月在平安县种鸡场对罗曼商品代蛋鸡进行２３４ｄ饲喂稀土试验。试验设４个组，每组２９５只。试验１，２，３组鸡日粮中分别添加０．０１％、０．０１５％和０．０２％的ＲＣＴ－３有机稀土饲料添加剂，对照组鸡不喂稀土。结果：试验１，２，３组母鸡日产蛋总重比对照组鸡分别提高１３．９１％（Ｐ＜０．０１），８．３６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和０．９７％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；产蛋率分别提高９．５９，５．７２和０．８３百分点；只均纯收入增加８．５２元，５．０１元和０．２１元。     

葛叶粉饲喂农养肉猪试验

在山区农家饲养肉猪日粮中添加５、１０、１５、２０％的葛叶粉。结果表明：添加５％葛叶粉的不同处理的试验１、２、３组日增重分别为４８３、５１２、４９６克，与农养常规对照组４９８克之间差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验２组同１０％葛叶粉的试验４组４５７克间差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０５），与１５％、２０％葛叶粉的对应试验５组４０２克、试验６组３３９克间差异均极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。试验４组同对照组比虽日增重低８．２％，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验５、６组与对照组、试验１、３组间差异均极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），且该两组彼此存在明显差别（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在饲料报酬、日采食量上，对照组与试验１、２、３组间均无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。试验４组在饲料报酬上与对照组、试验２、３组间分别有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），试验５组与对照组、试验１、２、３、４、６组间皆存有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０５），试验６组同对照组、试验１、２、３组间都是差异极明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。饲料适口性以试验２组最好，其次为对照组、试验３组，试验５、６组最差。     

脱毒棉籽饼对种鸡产蛋及孵化性能的影响

棉籽饼是重要的蛋白质饲料来源。用８％的脱毒棉籽饼代替等量豆饼饲喂产蛋鸡，产蛋率与对照组差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）；用４％的脱毒棉籽饼代替等量豆饼饲喂种鸡，受精率和孵化率与对照组差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

尿素精料和碱化秸秆在幼羊全混合日粮中的应用效果

选用 １２ 只两月龄东北细毛公幼羊，按体重大小随机分为 ４ 组，测定不同加工处理全混合日粮（ＴＭ Ｒ）对其生产性能的影响，并分析ＴＭ Ｒ饲养的经济效益。试验结果表明，在含玉米秸的ＴＭＲ 中以尿素精料等氮代替豆饼，在不降低幼羊生产性能的前提下（Ｐ＞ ０．０５），使每千克增重的饲料费用降低２６．４４％ ；在含尿素精料的 ＴＭＲ 中，玉米秸的碱化处理虽未显著影响幼羊的日增重及日采食 ＴＭ Ｒ 量（Ｐ＞ ０．０５），但却使ＴＭＲ 转化率提高了 ２１．５２％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１），而且每千克增重的饲料费用降低 １１．２５％ ；对含尿素精料及碱化玉米秸的ＴＭＲ 进行颗粒化加工，与加工前相比，试羊日增重、日采食 ＴＭＲ 量及其转化率分别提高了 １６１．９２％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１）、８８．７４％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１）及２８．０１％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１），每千克增重的饲料费用降低１７．６４％ 。     

肉羊补饲育肥生产中饲料酶添加剂饲喂及屠宰效果试验

利用０．５７％和０．１５％的饲料酶添加剂处理肉羊补饲精料和粗料,通过７２ｄ的饲喂试验表明,在不影响肉羊屠宰的情况下,试验组肉平均日增重分别比对照组提高４１．９１％和２２．３５％,差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）和显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）,经济效益分别比对照组提高５４．５％和４６．４％。     

有机稀土饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡试验

１９９５年１１月到１９９６年７月在平安县种鸡对罗曼商品代蛋鸡进行２３４天饲喂稀土试验，试验设４个组，每组２９５只，试验１，２，３组日粮中分别添加０．０１％，０．０１５％和０．０２％的ＲＣＴ－３有机稀土饲料添加剂，对照组不喂稀土，结果：试验１２，３组只均产蛋量比对照组提高１３．９２％（Ｐ〈０．０１），８．３６％Ｐ〈０．０５）和０．９７％（Ｐ〉０．０５）；产蛋率提高９．５９个，５．７２个和０．８３个百     

肉仔鸡日粮中以青霉素菌丝蛋白代替部分豆饼的试验

青霉素菌丝蛋白含有４０６％的粗蛋白，与豆饼蛋白含量相似。用其按５％和８％等比例替代肉仔鸡日粮中的豆饼试验表明，不但未出现毒性反应，而且分别比对照组成活率提高３８０％和４３５％，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；增重提高７８６％和９３３％，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；料肉比下降５８８％和３６１％，差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；每１００只入舍仔鸡利润提高４６４７％和５１８４％，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

不同日粮对育肥滩羊屠宰性能和挥发性风味物质的影响

试验旨在研究舍饲滩羊育肥羊的饲喂模式下,颗粒饲料对肉羊屠宰性能和挥发性物质的影响。试验选择体重相近的70日龄宁夏滩羊羯羊45只,随机分为3组,每组15只。对照组饲喂养殖场自配全混合日粮、试验I组饲喂TMR颗粒料、试验II组饲喂颗粒化精料补充料及草料颗粒料。试验期87 d。结果显示:试验I组的宰前活重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验II组的宰前活重极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),试验I组的胴体重极显著高于对照组和试验II组(P<0.01),试验II组小肠活重比显著高于对照组和试验I组(P<0.05)。3组试验羊背腰最长肌均检测出59种挥发性物质,其中烷烃26种,对照组烷烃类物质相对含量较高(36.87%);醛类化合物11种,试验I组相对含量较高(36.88%);杂环烷、脂类、醇类和酸类化合物分别检测出6种、6种、8种和2种。研究表明,在羔羊育肥期,选用育肥羊全混合颗粒料能够更好地改善肉品香味。     

Management options to accelerate growth rate and reduce age at first calving in Friesian–Boran crossbred heifers

Two experiments were conducted simultaneously to evaluate the effects of different concentrates to roughage ratios on growth performance and attainment of puberty in Friesian–Boran crossbred heifers. Weaned 50% Friesian–Boran crossbred female calves were used in both experiments with 25 and 20 calves in experiments I and II, respectively. In experiment I, the calves were offered diets with concentrate to roughage ratios of 50:50 (treatment 1) or 30:70 (treatment 2). In experiment II, the calves grazed for 8 h a day and supplemented with 2 kg hay and 1 kg concentrate per head per day (treatment 1) or only 2 kg hay per head per day (treatment 2). The concentrate mixture was composed of 34% wheat bran, 31% wheat middling, 31% noug cake, 3% limestone, and 1% salt. In experiment I, heifers fed a ration with 50% concentrate and 50% roughage had higher (P < 0.05) daily body weight gain (0.532 kg) and attained puberty at 221 kg (65% of the mature body weight) in 15 months, while heifers fed a diet with 30% concentrate and 70% roughage gained 0.434 kg/day and reached puberty at 247 kg (70% of the mature body weight), about 3 months later. Heifers in treatments 1 and 2 of experiment II reached puberty 5 and 12 months later, respectively, than those in experiment I. In experiment II, heifers given 1 kg of concentrate supplement had higher (P < 0.05) daily body weight gain (0.346 kg) than those given only 2 kg hay in addition to grazing (0.278 kg). Growth rate of crossbred heifers was enhanced and age at puberty was reduced by changing the rearing management from outdoor to indoor and with increasing level of concentrate in the ration. This helps to bring the dairy heifer into production earlier and enhance to the overall productivity of the dairy industry.     

日粮添加干桑叶对郏县红牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉质性状影响的研究

试验旨在研究日粮中添加桑叶对郏县红牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选择健康、体重相近的12月龄郏县红牛公牛40头,随机分为4组。按照添加不同干桑叶比例分为对照组(青贮玉米+精料)、试验Ⅰ组(10%干桑叶+青贮玉米+精料)、试验Ⅱ组(15%干桑叶+青贮玉米+精料)、试验Ⅲ组(20%干桑叶+青贮玉米+精料)。预试期7 d,正式试验期180 d。结果表明:Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的平均日增重和平均采食量都高于对照组,平均日增重分别高5.10%、12.24%,差异显著(P<0.05),平均采食量分别高1.15%、2.94%,差异不显著(P>0.05),3个试验组料重比均低于对照组。Ⅱ组郏县红牛背膘厚度和大理石纹等级显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。相比对照组,Ⅱ组粗脂肪、粗蛋白质含量提高了24.02%、7.89%。各组间背最长肌氨基酸的影响无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的总氨基酸比对照组分别提高了1.57%、2.07%和3.79%。随着添加比例增加,饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐下降,不饱和脂肪酸随着添加比例的增加而升高。试验表明,日龄添加干桑叶对郏县红牛生产性能无显著影响,但是可以提高粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量,有助于优质肉牛生产。     

反刍家畜饲用微生物添加剂育肥肉牛的效果研究

在基础日粮和饲养管理条件相同情况下,用自行研制的含无毒芽胞杆酵母菌类、乳酸菌类、粪链球菌等混合活菌（20亿/g)的反刍家畜饲用微生物添加剂和市售肉牛饲用微生物添加剂分别对4组（每组10头,其中公牛6头,母牛4头）共计40头本地黄牛进行育肥试验。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组精料内添加2‰、3‰的反刍家畜饲用微生物添加剂,加水润湿,堆积发酵24h后进行饲喂,试验Ⅲ组精料内添加1%肉牛促生长添加剂,试验Ⅳ组精料中不添加任何物质作对照,用水润湿后直接饲喂,50d的育肥试验结果表明试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组比对照组的增重分别提高13.4%、14.5%、14%。     

Effects of Prenatal Androgenization and Implantation on the Performance and Carcass Composition of Lactating Heifers in the Single-Calf Heifer System

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate feedlot performance of heifers and calves and the lactational characteristics and carcass composition and quality of heifers while in the single-calf heifer (SCH) system. In Exp. 1, 24 lactating Angus × Holstein heifers were slowly adapted to an 85% concentrate diet, and one-half of the heifers were implanted with Finaplix-H®, both at 11 wk postpartum. Heifer-calf pairs were then placed in feedlot pens, equipped with pinpointer feeding devices, and fed an 85% concentrate diet for 102 d. The control (C) and implanted (I) heifers had similar (P=0.27) daily gains and similar (P=0.30) DMI; however, I heifers consumed 8.9% less (P<0.05) DM as a percentage of BW. Pair efficiency of feed conversion tended to be higher (P<0.09) for I heifers than for C heifers. Hot carcass weight tended to be higher (P<0.10) for the I heifers. Ribeye area was 13% greater (P<0.05) and marbling score was 8.7% lower (P<0.01) for the I heifers than for the C heifers. In Exp. 2, 26 lactating Angus × Simmental heifers were used in the SCH system. Heifer adaptation to a high concentrate diet began 3 to 4 wk prepartum. Two to 3 d postpartum, 16 control (C) and 10 prenatally androgenized (PA) heifer-calf pairs were weighed, and eight C and five PA heifers were implanted with Synovex-H®. They were then placed in feedlot pens equipped with pinpointer feeding devices. By 1 wk postpartum, all heifers were adapted to an 85% concentrate diet and fed until they possessed approximately 1.1 cm s.c. fat cover over the 12th and 13th ribs. Heifers were slaughtered 12 h postweaning. The PA heifers tended to consume more (P<0.11) DM than C heifers. Gain:feed (G:F) was similar (P=0.35) for the C and PA heifers; however, the C heifers tended to have an improved (P<0.08) pair G:F. Heifer G:F and pair G:F were both similar (P=0.53) for the I and nonimplanted heifers. Most carcass measurements were unaffected by treatment; however, the I heifers tended to have higher marbling scores (P<0.07).     

三种不同方法处理的玉米青贮饲喂肉牛效果对比

摘要：本试验旨在研究不同方法处理的玉米青贮饲喂肉牛效果对比,选择体重340kg左右的西门塔尔杂交牛30头,随机分为3组,保证精饲料不变,粗饲料分别饲喂3种不同方法处理的玉米青贮,其中试验Ⅰ组为全株玉米青贮、试验Ⅱ组添加剂全株玉米青贮、试验Ⅲ组玉米秸秆黄贮,试验期70d。结果表明：1）试验Ⅱ组的平均日增重极显著高于试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅲ组（P＜0.01）,分别比Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组高出17.57%、65.71%;Ⅲ组干物质采食量显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组（P＜0.05）;Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组料重比极显著低于Ⅲ组（P＜0.01）。试验Ⅱ组养殖效益最高为14.14元?天-1?头-1,比试验Ⅰ组高5.05元,比试验Ⅲ组高15.74元。综上,添加剂全株玉米青贮饲喂肉牛效果和养殖效益最佳,全株玉米青贮、玉米秸秆黄贮次之。     

不同盐碱化草地混播牧草对绵羊瘤胃发酵和日粮养分利用率的影响

为了研究不同盐碱化草地混播牧草对绵羊瘤胃发酵、养分消化率和氮平衡的影响,试验选用12只5月龄、(34.6±0.57)kg体重的德国肉用美利奴杂交一代公绵羊,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,对照组饲喂精料补充料+玉米青贮;处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别饲喂精料补充料+轻度、中度和重度盐碱化草地混播牧草(披碱草、碱茅和沙打旺),每只羊精料补充料平均日喂600g,粗饲料自由采食。结果表明,处理Ⅰ和Ⅱ组瘤胃pH显著低于对照组和处理Ⅲ组(P<0.05),而瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组瘤胃液丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、异丁酸和异戊酸摩尔比显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而瘤胃乙酸摩尔比和乙酸/丙酸比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各组间干物质和有机物质采食量差异不显著,处理Ⅲ组中性洗涤纤维采食量显著高于其他各组,处理Ⅲ组和Ⅱ组酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。干物质、有机物质、无氮浸出物和能量消化率变化规律一致,处理Ⅲ组显著低于处理Ⅰ和Ⅱ组,处理Ⅰ和Ⅱ组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消化率由低到高依次为处理Ⅲ组、处理Ⅱ组、处理Ⅰ和对照组,组间差异均显著(P<0.05)。处理Ⅲ和Ⅱ组采食氮显著低于处理Ⅰ组,处理Ⅰ组采食氮显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。沉积氮和沉积氮/可消化氮均以处理Ⅱ组最低,依次为处理Ⅲ、处理Ⅰ和对照组,组间差异均显著(P<0.05)。结果说明饲喂轻度和中度盐碱化草地混播牧草促进了绵羊瘤胃发酵,但降低了饲料消化率和氮的利用率,而重度盐碱化草地混播牧草则降低了绵羊瘤胃发酵、饲料消化率和氮的利用率。     

Evaluation of total mixed ration silage with brewers grains for dairy buffalo in Tarai,Nepal

To investigate the effects of total mixed ration (TMR) silage, which contained brewers grain and rice straw as a substitute for conventional concentrate on feed intake and milk production in middle‐to‐late lactation buffaloes, four multiparous Murrah buffaloes were assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment. The TMR silage, which had higher neutral and acid detergent fiber contents and digestibility than concentrate (P < 0.05) and similar crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents with concentrate were used for the lactation experiment. The treatments were control (CTL) fed concentrate at 0.6% of body weight (BW), and T1 and T2 fed the TMR silage at 0.6 and 1.2% of BW on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, with rice straw ad libitum. Daily intakes of DM, CP and TDN, and BW change were higher in T2 than in CTL and T1 (P < 0.05). Although milk composition did not differ among the treatments, milk yield (MY) was higher in T2 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in MY/DM intake and MY/TDN intake among the treatments. The increase of BW and MY in middle‐to‐late lactation buffaloes might have been due to high TDN intake from supplementary TMR silage.     

Effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed a concentrate diet

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of a mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in steers fed a concentrate diet at maintenance level. Animals were dosed three Rumen Faibu (RF) per head through the rumen fistulae (RF treatment) and not dosed (control) in a change‐over design. The organic cell wall content of the concentrate diet was 12.7% of dry matter. Daily time spent on rumination was very short in both treatments with 24 min in RF treatment and 15 min in control. The turnover rate of ruminal fluid in RF treatment was higher than that in control. There were no differences in ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration between RF treatment and control. Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were not different between the treatments. Propionic acid concentration tended to be higher in the animals on RF treatment than in control animals. The RF dosing in Holstein steers fed a low fiber diet did not affect the rumination time, but increased rumen digesta passage rate and ruminal propionic acid production.     

不同水平饲料补饲泌乳期母羊对羔羊生长发育的效果对比

选择体重、胎次、预产期基本相近的青海高原毛肉兼用半细毛（以下简称青海半细毛羊）妊娠母羊120只,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组60只,在泌乳期内采用牧户传统自配饲料和全价精料补充饲料进行40d的补饲试验。试验表明：40日龄的羔羊只均增重试验组比对照组高0.98kg（P〈0.01）,增重幅度提高34.64%,平均日增重比对照组增加25.33g,提高39.12%（P〈0.0 1）。