大孔吸附树脂分离纯化红小豆多酚工艺及效果

为开发利用红小豆加工副产物中的生理活性物质,该研究采用大孔树脂吸附法对煮制红小豆水的多酚类物质进行分离纯化,比较了5种不同型号大孔树脂对红小豆多酚的吸附分离效果,从中筛选出HPD 600型树脂作为理想的吸附剂;研究了 HPD 600树脂对红小豆多酚的吸附等温线,结果表明,该吸附等温线与 Langmuir、Freundlich函数曲线的拟合程度非常高,且采用Langmuir模型的拟合效果略优于Freundlich模型。静态和动态吸附、洗脱试验结果表明：样品液浓度、温度、pH值、乙醇浓度、上样流速及洗脱流速等因素均对HPD 600树脂吸附分离红小豆多酚有影响。较理想的工艺参数为：30℃是较适宜的静态吸附温度;保持煮制红小豆水本身的多酚浓度0.96 mg/mL和pH值6.8,上样体积200 mL,上样流速1.0 mL/min进行动态吸附;吸附饱和平衡后,采用50 mL 60%乙醇溶液,以1.5 mL/min的流速进行动态洗脱。依此得到的红小豆多酚纯化液,其总酚含量和总抗氧化能力均有显著提高,约为纯化前的2.2倍。     

大孔树脂对苹果渣中多酚物质的吸附研究

通过静态吸附与解吸实验对8种大孔树脂进行筛选,结果表明:NKA-9型大孔树脂表现出最好的吸附性能与解吸效果,是较好的富集纯化苹果多酚树脂。通过单因素实验，确定NKA-9树脂的较佳动态吸附条件为苹果多酚液浓度2.50 mg/mL，pH 4.5，流速1.0 mL/min，较佳洗脱条件为乙醇浓度60%,洗脱流速1.0 mL/min,洗脱体积10 BV。     

光皮木瓜齐墩果酸超声波辅助提取及纯化工艺

以光皮木瓜为原料,利用超声波辅助提取及大孔吸附树脂纯化齐墩果酸。通过二次正交旋转组合设计优化提取工艺条件,采用静态吸附和解吸试验筛选合适的大孔树脂,并运用动态吸附和解吸试验验优化纯化条件。结果表明,超声波辅助提取最佳工艺条件为:超声功率600 W、提取温度53℃、液料比8:1、超声波提取70 min,回流提取120 min,齐墩果酸得率为3.000 mg/g;XDA-1型大孔树脂对齐墩果酸具有较好的吸附和解吸效果,最佳纯化工艺条件为上柱液浓度0.794 mg/mL,吸附流速0.5 mL/min;以90%浓度乙醇洗脱,洗脱流速1.0 mL/min,纯化后得提取物中齐墩果酸纯度可达26.55%。     

用离子交换法分离苹果汁中果酸的技术研究

为了分离苹果汁中的果酸，该文对离子交换法分离浓缩苹果汁中果酸的技术方法进行了系统研究，通过树脂分离果酸的静态和动态试验，对离子交换树脂进行了筛选优化，对树脂洗脱剂和洗脱条件进行了优选与优化，结果表明：D380树脂对果酸的交换吸附能力最强，其静态吸附量为30.73 mg/mL，动态吸附量可达60.24 mg/mL,静态交换吸附平衡时间为270 min,最佳吸附果汁浓度为11°Brix苹果汁；D380树脂对果酸的较佳动态吸附条件为：流速5 mL/min,温度20℃，果汁浓度11°Brix的苹果汁；较佳洗脱条件为：50%乙醇，温度25℃，流速6 mL/min，洗脱3次，洗脱剂与树脂比例2∶1(v/v)。     

茶树花多酚大孔树脂纯化工艺研究

该文以废弃茶树花为原料,采用超滤法处理茶树花多酚超声波辅助乙醇浸提液,去除大分子物质,运用静态吸附和动态吸附试验对HZ系列5种大孔吸附树脂及其纯化茶树花多酚工艺条件进行筛选,采用HPLC监测树脂纯化前后茶树花多酚的变化情况。结果表明,HZ-806大孔吸附树脂对茶树花多酚的吸附性能与解吸效果最好,吸附率和解吸率分别达到97.5％、98.20％,适宜作为茶树花多酚纯化的树脂;HZ-806大孔树脂纯化茶树花多酚的工艺条件为：上柱液pH 3.0,上柱液浓度4.0 mg/mL,上柱液体积6 BV,上柱流速4 BV/h,洗脱液乙醇浓度70％,洗脱流速2 BV/h,洗脱体积3.33 BV;采用上述纯化工艺茶树花多酚纯度从19.43％提高到84.32％。     

大孔树脂分离纯化柚皮黄酮的研究

该文以总黄酮含量和总黄酮回收率为考察指标，研究了大孔树脂分离纯化柚皮黄酮的工艺。结果表明：AB-8型树脂对柚皮总黄酮有较好的吸附分离性能，是分离纯化柚皮黄酮的适宜大孔树脂；AB-8型大孔树脂分离纯化柚皮黄酮的最佳工艺条件为：柱体积为160 mL，柚皮提取物上样量为62.5 mg/mL(以湿树脂体积计)，先用pH 4的水淋洗，再用30%的乙醇洗脱，洗脱剂用量为2.5～3倍湿树脂体积。AB-8大孔树脂按上述确定的吸附洗脱条件可重复使用3次。柚皮黄酮经上述工艺纯化后总黄酮含量达到39.67%，总黄酮回收率为62.48%。对经AB-8大孔树脂纯化后的柚皮黄酮进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析发现，柚皮黄酮主要为黄酮甙类。     

花生芽白藜芦醇大孔树脂纯化工艺及抑菌功效

为分离纯化花生芽中具有潜在抑菌活性的白藜芦醇化合物及研究其抑菌功效,提高花生的综合利用价值。该研究通过静态吸附-解吸试验,从16种不同型号大孔树脂中确定白藜芦醇较佳纯化树脂,并对其动态吸附-解吸条件优化,采用倍比稀释法、抑菌生长曲线及细胞膜通透性变化评价纯化物对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抑制作用。结果表明：LSA-40大孔树脂为花生芽白藜芦醇较佳纯化树脂,其吸附条件为：上样浓度120.00 μg/mL,速率1.00 mL/min,pH值4.2,上样量8.00 mL/g;解吸条件为：80%乙醇溶液,pH值6.6,流速1.00 mL/min,白藜芦醇纯度可达84.0%;利用紫外光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、超高效液相色谱串联质谱对纯化后样品进行鉴定分析,发现纯化物中主要成分为白藜芦醇及其衍生物;纯化物对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌抑制作用结果表明其最小抑菌浓度为250 μg/mL,在此浓度下可显著增加细胞膜通透性（P<0.01）,破坏细胞壁完整性,造成胞内蛋白质严重泄露,最终导致鼠伤寒沙门氏菌死亡。该研究可为花生资源综合深度利用及天然抑菌剂的开发提供一定理论参考。     

银杏黄酮的提取与大孔树脂吸附研究

确定了银杏黄酮提取的最佳条件为：料液比1：50，提取温度80℃，提取时间4h，乙醇浓度60％，超声时间10min。环己烷和石油醚去除提取液中脂溶性杂质的效果较好。比较了5种大孔吸附树脂对银杏黄酮的吸附及吸附动力学过程。结果表明：LSA－5B和NAK－12是银杏黄酮的良好吸附剂。     

灰枣多糖大孔径树脂提纯工艺优化

新郑灰枣富含各种营养成分,特别是多糖具有抗氧化抗癌等许多生物效应。为研究新郑灰枣多糖的提纯工艺,该文在超声波酶法联合提取、乙醇沉淀、超滤膜过滤得到的粗多糖的基础上,筛选出的AB-8大孔树脂纯化多糖,并对树脂的动态吸附解吸特性进行研究。响应曲面法优化AB-8大孔树脂动态吸附工艺条件,最佳动态吸附条件为:上样速率1.5mL/min,料液浓度2.2mg/mL,pH值5.6,最大动态吸附量为19.52mg/g;正交试验优化AB-8大孔树脂动态解吸的最佳工艺条件为:氯化钠浓度为0.4mol/L,乙醇添加量60%,盐酸浓度0.2mol/L,流速1.5mL/min,最优动态解吸率为85.21%。通过树脂纯化,多糖纯度可达88.87%。该红枣多糖提纯技术是一种非常有效的方法,在医疗及保健行业具有巨大的应用潜力和市场。     

吸附树脂吸附蜂蜜中羟甲基糠醛的热力学研究

为考察大孔吸附树脂对蜂蜜中羟甲基糠醛(HMF)的吸附可行性，该文采用静态吸附法研究了LSA-800B型大孔树脂对HMF吸附过程的热力学性质。结果表明，在298，308，318 K和研究的浓度范围内，蜂蜜中的HMF在LSA-800B型树脂上的吸附等温线均符合Freundlich等温吸附方程，Freundlich吸附等温线和等量吸附焓表明LSA-800B型树脂对蜂蜜中HMF吸附是放热过程。吸附自由能ΔG＜0表明吸附的自发性，吸附熵变ΔS＜0说明吸附质分子在吸附树脂表面上的运动比在溶液中受到更大的限制。     

添加生物质炭对红壤性水稻土Cd2+吸附解吸特性的影响

为探讨生物质炭对红壤性水稻土中镉(Cd)元素吸附解吸特性的影响,采用一次平衡法研究添加生物质炭后Cd2+在红壤性水稻土中的吸附动力学、等温吸附和解吸过程。结果表明:施用CK(0t/hm^2)、A10(10t/hm^2)、A20(20t/hm^2)、A30(30t/hm^2)和A40(40t/hm^2)生物质炭后,红壤性水稻土对Cd2+的吸附过程是以化学吸附为主、非均匀的多表面吸附。施用CK(0t/hm^2)、A10(10t/h2)、A20(20t/hm^2)、A30(30t/hm^2)和A40(40t/hm^2)生物质炭处理的最大吸附量和最大解吸量分别为2933~3346mg/kg和171~192mg/kg。添加生物质炭可以提高红壤性水稻土对Cd2+的吸附固持能力,同时增强土壤对外源Cd2+的缓冲能力。生物质炭添加量对红壤性水稻土的吸附解吸能力的改良效果具体表现为:A30>A40>A20>A10。高剂量的生物质炭处理使土壤吸附点位饱和,生物质炭吸附能力相对降低。因此,添加30t/hm^2生物质炭是一种有效预防和治理红壤性水稻土镉污染的措施。     

Relative Agronomic Effectiveness of phosphate rocks and P adsorption characteristics of an Oxic Rhodustalf in Eastern India

The Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE) of rock phosphates as compared to water soluble Triple Super Phosphate was measured on direct, residual, and cumulative application of the P fertilizers in a field experiment with rice on an Oxic‐Rhodustalf in the eastern plateau region of India. The fertilizers were Morocco Rock Phosphate (MORP), Mussoorie Rock Phosphate (MRP), Partially Acidulated Rock Phosphate (PARP), and Triple Super Phosphate (TSP). The RAE of the rock phosphates were lower for direct application (54–80 %) and cumulative application (70–93 %) of P but roughly equal or larger for the residual effect (92–142 %) as compared to TSP. The P adsorption characteristic of the experimental soil conformed to the linear relationship of both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equation. The adsorption data when plotted according to Langmuir equation deviated from a single linear relationship at higher concentration (10 μg ml^–1), thereby giving two adsorption maximum values ( 68.49 μg g^–1 and 256.41 μg g^–1) and binding energies ( 2.86 ml μg^–1 and 0.089 ml μg^–1) for the soil. Two populations of P adsorption site with widely different affinity for P probably existed in the soil.     

宁夏灌淤土对磷吸附的初步研究

本文报道了宁夏灌淤土12个代表性土样对磷的等温吸附与解吸特性。实测吸附曲线与Preundlich、Langmuir和Temkin三种等温吸附方程都很吻合。全部供试样品的相关系数变化在0.931-0.999之间,均达极显著水平(p<0.01)。其中Langmuir等温式与本实验资料最为吻合。供试土壤对磷的最大吸附量(X_m)变化在172-460μgP/g之间,平均为347±28μgP/g。影响其大小的因子主要是物理性粘粒和CaCO₃,含量,均达极显著正相关。灌淤土不同土层的吸磷量大小依次为:剖面24>23>21>22,而解吸磷能力大小依次为:剖面23>22>21>24。磷的解吸量与吸附量之间呈极显著正相关。根据本试验数据,土壤对磷的等温吸附曲线可以用来预测土壤需磷量。     

受钙、锌影响硼在酸性紫色土中的吸附特征

酸性紫色土对硼的等温吸附-解吸和吸附动力学试验表明，硼的等温吸附符合Frendlich方程，根据方程的K值（0．441），供试土壤对硼的吸附较弱。锌与硼复合，对土壤硼的吸附量和解吸量影响均不大，但吸附强度下降。钙则大大地提高了土壤对硼的吸附量和吸附常数，使土壤硼平均吸附量提高191．9％，并使平均解吸率下降6．4％。土壤吸附硼的动力学以Elovich方程（Ct=a＋blnt）描述最佳，反映土壤对硼吸附速率大小的方程参数b值以B＋Ca〉B＋Ca＋Zn〉B＋Zn〉B，钙对硼的吸附速率影响比锌的作用更强。     

Modeling ferricyanide adsorption on goethite: Basics and applications

Ferricyanide, [Fe^III(CN)₆]^3–, is an anthropogenic and potentially toxic contaminant in soil. Its adsorption on goethite has been previously studied, but not evaluated with a surface complexation model (SCM) considering the effects of pH and ionic strength. Therefore, we carried out batch experiments with ferricyanide and goethite suspensions with different ferricyanide concentrations (0.075 mM and 0.15 mM), ionic strengths (0.01 and 0.1 M), and pH (ranging from 4 to 7.4). Adsorption data were then interpreted with the 1‐pK Stern and the charge distribution model assuming monodentate inner‐sphere ferricyanide surface complexes on goethite (lg K = 10.6), which are known from infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, we applied the SCM to ferricyanide adsorption in previous studies on ferricyanide adsorption in the presence of sulfate and on the solubility of Fe‐cyanide complexes in a suspension of a loess loam. The SCM correctly reflected ferricyanide adsorption in the batch experiments as well as the effects of pH and ionic strength. The SCM also described ferricyanide adsorption in the presence of sulfate, because the ferricyanide adsorption measured and that modeled were significantly correlated (R² = 0.80). Furthermore, we applied the SCM to a study on the solubility of Fe‐cyanide complexes in soil under varying redox conditions so that ferricyanide adsorption on goethite and precipitation of Fe‐cyanide complexes were considered. The actual ferricyanide concentrations were rather reflected when applying the SCM compared to those modeled in an approach in which exclusively precipitation was taken into account. We conclude that ferricyanide adsorption on goethite should be included into geochemical modeling approaches on the mobility of Fe‐cyanide complexes in subsoils.     

Nitrate adsorption in some andisols developed under different moisture conditions

Nitrate leaching from agricultural lands is one of the most critical problems related to both environmental quality and human health. Although in many studies surfacecharge properties of and nitrate adsorption in soils have been analyzed in tropical and subtropical regions, fewer studies have been conducted on the nitrateretention properties of allo phanic Andisols. The objectives of the present study were to examine the potential nitrate adsorption capacity and the factors affecting nitrate retention in topsoils and subsoils of three Andisols Tokaachi, Hokkaido. Nitrate adsorption at pH 6.0 was found to be low or negligible even in the subsoil of a Haplic Wet Andisol (Melanaquands), despite the high clay content, Nitrate adsorption maxima calculated from the Langmuir equation were higher in the lower horizons of a Haplic Andisol (Melanudands) and a Lowhumic Andisol (Hap ludands), which were developed under moderate to moderately dry moisture conditions and displayed a high allophane content and a low total carbon content. The nitrate adsorption of the aliophanic Andisols was much higher than that reported from other studies conducted in Ultisols and Oxisols, which are rich in iron oxides. The potential capacity to adsorb nitrates and retard nitrate movement should be taken into account in predicting the fate of nitrate in soils and the consequent mitigation of groundwater contamination.     

土壤粘附机理的化学吸附分析

在对已有土壤粘附机理进行综合分析的基础上，从结构化学和量子力学的统计效应出发，对参与粘附的各种因素———土壤表面性质、触土部件表面特性、土壤水中各种离子的性质进行了全面分析，从化学吸附角度，提出了以化学吸附为主的土壤粘附机理。该模型认为土壤与触土部件金属材料表面的粘附力是由土壤与金属表面间的化学吸附力（包括物理吸附力）、土壤水在金属与土壤之间形成的化学吸附力（宏观上表现为毛细管力）和水的粘滞阻力三部分组成     

可溶性有机碳在盐碱水田土壤中的吸附特征及影响因素

土壤吸附可溶性有机碳(DOC)对土壤有机碳的循环转化有重要影响。为进一步明确田间实际情况下盐碱水田土壤对DOC的吸附规律,选取吉林西部不同盐碱程度的5块水田土壤(P1、P2、P3、P4和P5),采用室内模拟试验,在静止条件下培养70天,模拟研究了土壤在自然状态下对不同浓度DOC的吸附特征,分析了理化性质对DOC最大累积吸附量的影响。结果表明:土壤对DOC的吸附速率在试验初期较快,然后逐渐减弱并达到平衡,Elovich方程可描述土壤对DOC的动力学吸附特征,且适用于土壤对不同浓度DOC的吸附。DOC的等温吸附特征用Freundlich方程拟合效果最好,从方程参数看各样地土壤吸附能力有明显差异,表层吸附能力大于底层。碱化度和pH是影响土壤最大累积吸附量的主要因素;黏粒含量越高的土壤最大累积吸附量越大;有机质促进了土壤对DOC的吸附。研究结果对充分认识DOC在盐碱土壤中迁移转化具有重要意义。