肉用公牛附睾注药绝育育肥技术的研究与推广Ⅱ注睾注药绝育对血清睾酮含量和育肥增质量的影响

本篇就附睾注药绝育对公牛血清中睾酮含量和育肥增质量的影响进行研究 ,现总结报道如下。1　材料方法1.1　附睾尾注药绝育公牛血清中睾酮含量测定1.1.1　供试牛的选择和分组　选择无病 ,生长发育正常 15～2 4月龄的奶公牛 2 4头。按月龄 ,体质量随机分成 3组 (各试验组牛的月龄、体质量经过生物统计处理均差异不显著 )。附睾尾注药绝育组 (第Ⅰ组 ,8头 ) :按前述小剂量药物注射方法进行 ;完全去势组 (第Ⅱ组 ,8头 ) :采用睾丸摘除去势法 ;对照组 (第Ⅲ组 ,8头 ) :不做任何处理。1.1.2　试验仪器和药品　Ｊ - 2 10 1型双道液体闪烁仪 :西安二…     

奶牛犊早期断奶对增重效果及经济效益影响的对比试验

选同一天出生的20头奶公犊牛,随机分成2组(试验组和对照组),每组10头,分别于2月龄断奶(试验组)、4月龄断奶(对照组),并进行了对比试验,结果表明:早期断奶有利于奶公犊牛早期的生长发育和骨骼发育,试验组0～2月龄日增重略低于对照组,但2～4月龄犊牛的日增重速度明显加快,平均日增重比对照组高146.6g;试验组比对照组节省鲜奶240kg,价值470.40元,试验组每头犊牛0～4月龄培育成本为679.20元,较对照组降低成本29.66%。     

荷斯坦奶公犊后期育肥效果研究

为了研究荷斯坦奶公犊作为肉用在后期的育肥效果、屠宰性能及经济效益,试验选择90头11月龄、24头14月龄、20头16～17月龄和48头19月龄的荷斯坦奶公犊分组育肥,测定日增重、饲料消耗量和经济效益。育肥结束后,选择均重366.67、422.50 kg和515.83 kg的牛,每组各6头进行屠宰,测定屠宰率和净肉率等指标。结果表明:16～17月龄试验牛日增重最高,为1.84 kg/d,与11、14月龄和19月龄牛相比,每头牛日增重分别提高了0.49(P<0.05)、0.24 kg/d(P>0.05)和1.00 kg/d(P<0.01),19月龄牛日增重开始下降。随着育肥时间的延长和体重的增加,屠宰率和净肉率呈增高趋势,515.83 kg与422.50 kg、366.67 kg牛相比,屠宰率分别提高了2.59和3.32个百分点(P<0.05),净肉率分别提高了2.03(P>0.05)和2.81(P<0.05)个百分点。16～17月龄牛育肥的经济效益最高,日盈利10.18元/头,与11、14月龄和19月龄的牛相比,日均利润提高了4.10、1.71元和16.43元。在19月龄时出现亏损状态,说明荷斯坦奶公犊饲喂到18~19月龄,体重达到510 kg左右适于出栏。     

肉牛二元、三元杂交组合增重对比试验报告

为了培育适应当地条件的育肥牛品种,选择黑白花、西门达、秦川(细管冻精)分别授配当地黄牛;选择利木辛、德国黄牛(细管冻精)分别授配西杂F_1,在相同饲养管理条件下,①测定黑杂F_1、西杂F_1、秦杂F_1在1月龄、2月龄、3月龄时的增重效果。结果表明,1月龄时,西杂牛增重比黑杂牛增重重5.8 kg,黑杂牛增重比秦杂牛增重重3.2kg;2月龄后,西杂牛增重比黑杂牛增重重15.8 kg,黑杂牛增重比秦杂牛增重重9.5 kg;3月龄后,西杂牛增重比黑杂牛增重重26 kg,黑杂牛增重比秦杂牛增重重17.2 kg;西杂F_1增重明显,经济效益显著。②测定德西黄、利西黄牛出生重、体高、日增重等主要生长发育指标。结果表明,德西F_1初生重比利西F_1重3.3kg,3月龄时德西F_1比利西F_1重13.4kg,6月龄时德西F_1比利西F_1重16.7 kg,按市场价计算德西牛可比利西牛头均可多创收367.4元,品种优势明显。     

甘南高寒牧区娟犏牛育肥效果研究

试验对用娟姗牛冻精杂交甘南牦牛所产的杂交一代娟犏牛公牛进行了育肥,分析其育肥效果和经济效益,为娟犏牛的生产提供基础性资料。将甘肃省夏河县牧区阿纳扎西等牦牛养殖专业合作社自然放牧的6月龄、18月龄和30月龄的38头娟犏牛,出售到本县的半农半牧区暖棚舍饲育肥90 d。结果表明:6月龄组娟犏牛净增重58.63 kg,平均日增重651.44 g,盈利521.12元/头,投入产出比1∶1.59;18月龄组净增重69.45 kg,平均日增重771.67 g,盈利603.80元/头,投入产出比1∶1.57;30月龄组净增重73.70 kg,平均日增重818.89 g,盈利705.80元/头,投入产出比1∶1.66。经显著性检验,娟犏公牛各年龄组之间育肥末期平均净增重和日增重均差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明采用异地暖棚舍饲育肥,反季节出栏,可取得明显的效果,且6月龄、18月龄、30月龄的育肥效果基本相同。因此,建议将当年产的6月龄娟犏牛公牛经过冬季舍饲暖棚育肥后当年反季节出栏,以减轻草场压力和增加牧民收入。     

瑞哈杂交牛与哈萨克牛育肥对比试验

对14～17月龄12头瑞士褐牛与哈萨克牛杂交F1公牛和12头哈萨克公牛进行120d育肥,瑞杂F1公牛平均日增重986.5±120.45g,屠宰率55.2%,净肉率44.2%;哈萨克公牛日增重498.2±96.30g,屠宰率46.5%,净肉率36.4%。瑞杂F1公牛比哈萨克牛日增重提高98.0%(P<0.01),屠宰率和净肉率分别提高8.7和7.8个百分点。     

瑞杂牛F1与哈萨克牛育肥对比试验

对14～17月龄12头瑞士褐牛与哈萨克牛杂交F1公牛和12头哈萨克公牛进行120 d育肥,瑞杂F1公牛平均日增重986.5 g±120.45 g,屠宰率55.2%,净肉率44.2%,哈萨克公牛日增重498.2 g±96.30 g,屠宰率46.5%,净肉率36.4%.瑞杂F1公牛比哈萨克牛日增重提高98.0%(P＜0.01),屠宰率和净肉率分别提高8.7和7.8个百分点.     

屠宰月龄对直线育肥奶公牛屠宰性能和经济效益的影响

随机选择同月龄的200头奶公牛进行各月龄生长性能和屠宰性能数据分析,并根据屠宰厂收购活牛定价方法进行效益分析,研究屠宰月龄对奶公牛屠宰性能和经济效益的影响。结果显示,奶公牛屠宰率和净肉率随月龄的增加而提高,各月龄屠宰率和净肉率差异极显著(P0.01)。按照既定的活牛收购定价计算方法折合成育肥活牛价格:12、15、18、21、24月龄育肥活牛单价分别为21.67、23.38、25.25、25.96、25.97元/kg,活重价格随月龄增加而提高,组间差异极显著(P0.01)。屠宰月龄极显著影响屠宰率和奶公牛活牛销售价格,育肥奶公牛适时出栏才能获得较高经济效益。     

酶制剂对肉兔生长性能和消化机能的影响

62只28日龄断奶布列塔尼亚兔按窝配对法分为三组， 1组为对照组，2、3组为试验组，日粮中分别添加075％和 01％饲用复合酶制剂。测定各组日增重、日耗料、屠宰 率、饲料成分消化率、消化道及胰腺发育情况等指标。结 果表明2组日增重略低于1组(P>005)，3组日增重比1组提 高974％(P<005)，2、3组屠宰率比1组有提高，胃重/体重 、小肠重/体重、盲肠重/体重比1组有下降(P>005)；2、3组 胰腺重/体重比1组分别降低了1290％(P<001)和968％ (P<005)；2、3组饲料消化率分别比1组提高981％和180％ 。     

肉用型西门塔尔与安格斯不同杂交方式杂交效果研究

[目的]为检验肉用型西门塔尔牛云南本地黄牛的改良效果.[方法]云南省种畜繁育推广中心肉牛纯繁场分别利用XM♂×本地西门塔尔高代杂交黄牛♀（Ⅰ组）;XM♀×AG♂（Ⅱ组）;AG♂×本地西门塔尔高代杂交黄牛♀（Ⅲ组）.[结果]在相同的饲养管理条件下,Ⅱ组初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄平均体重明显高于I组和Ⅲ组,工组结果明显高于Ⅲ组;6月龄、18月龄日增重Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组差异不显著,Ⅰ组12月龄、24月龄日增重明显高于和Ⅲ组,而Ⅱ组6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄日增重明显高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组.[结论]通过实验结果可以看出,肉用型西门塔尔牛与安格斯种公牛杂交效果优势明显,而肉用型西门塔尔种公牛与本地黄牛杂交效果又明显高于安格斯种公牛.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。