Screening of Anti-inflammatory Active Fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE

[Objective] To screen the anti-inflammatory active fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.[Methods]Anti-inflammatory activity screening was carried out based on mice auricle swelling model induced by xylene,capillary permeability model in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling model induced by carrageenan and PGE2 model in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan.[Results] Compared with Tween-80 group,high-and middle-dosage groups of water fractions( 6,3g/kg) had significant inhibitory effects on mice auricle swelling induced by xylene,capillary permeability in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling induced by carrageenan,and PGE2 in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan( P 0.05,0.01).Other fractions showed weak or basically no activities.[Conclusions]Water fraction was the anti-inflammatory active fraction of RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.     

Comparison of the Essential Oils Extracted from HERBA MENTHAE by Different Methods

[Objective]To compare the effects of different extraction methods on the extraction rates of menthol and essential oil from HERBA MENTHAE. [Methods]Essential oils were extracted from HERBA MENTHAE by ultrasonic extraction method,cold leaching method,steam distillation method and supercritical CO2method. Menthol content was detected by gas chromatography. [Results]Extraction rates of essential oil and menthol were 2. 43% and 1. 77%,respectively. Extraction rates by ultrasonic extraction method were 1. 34% and 1. 09%; those by cold leaching method were 1. 27% and 1. 02%. And the extraction rates by steam distillation method were 1. 15% and 0. 90%,respectively.[Conclusions]Among the four extraction methods,supercritical CO2method was the most ideal.     

The Determination of Moisture and Ashes from Cultivated HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE

[Objective]To detect the moisture and ash contents in HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE under different cultivation conditions,and to provide test data for the establishment of quality standard for HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE.[Methods]The moisture and ash contents in HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE were detected according to the detection methods in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(appendix IXH and IXK,2005 edition).[Results]As for different reproduction modes,the moisture contents in the roots and stems were8.46%-11.64%and 8.54%-11.73%,respectively.The total ash contents in roots and stems were 18.22%-19.82%and 15.83%-18.64%,respectively.Under different soil environments,the moisture contents in the roots and stems were between 7.48%and 9.29%,and that in leaves was 9.27%to 11.77%.The total ash contents in the roots and stems were 15.56%-32.89%,and that in leaves was 11.61%to 30.13%.Under different fertilizer conditions,the moisture content in roots of HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE was between 9.02%and 9.77%,and that in stems was 8.69%-11.15%;the total ashes content in roots was 28.46%-29.23%,and that in stems was26.70%-28.72%.[Conclusions]This method was simple,accurate and repeatable,and provided test data for the establishment of quality standard of HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE.     

Technology Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction of Flavonoids from HERBA HOUTTUYNIAE by Response Surface Methodology

[Objective] To screen the optimal technology of ultrasonic extraction of flavonoids from HERBA HOUTTUYNIAE by response surface methodology. [Methods]With flavonoids content as the reference index,effects of ethanol concentration,solid-liquid ratio and extraction time on the extraction rate of total flavonoids were investigated. The extraction technology was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface methodology based on three factors and three levels. [Results] The optimal extraction technology was as follows: 74. 67% ethnoal concentration,69. 88 min ultrasound time,and 1 ∶ 20. 20 solid-liquid ratio( g: m L). Under this condition,the predicted value of flavonoids was2. 654%. And the actual value was 2. 663%. [Conclusions]The actual value was close to the predicted value,indicating that this model was reasonable and effective.     

Evaluation of Germplasm Resources of HERBA TAXILLI

[Objective] To evaluate and screen the high-quality germplasm resources of HERBA TAXILLI. [Methods] A total of 21 germplasms were collected in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China in 2008- 2010. they were all introduced into germplasm nursery of Qinzhou City. The growth status,yield,stress resistance and other indexes were recorded. Content of total flavonoids was detected by aluminium trichloride colorimetric method. Quercetin content was extracted by methanol-hydrochloric acid( 4∶ 1) and detected by RP-HPLC. [Results] The results of character analysis of 21 varieties were integrated; and the 21 germplasms of HERBA TAXILLI were comprehensively evaluated. With the growth status,yield,stress resistance and total flavonoids content as the indexes,the high-quality germplasm of HERBA TAXILLI was screened. The standards for high-quality germplasm were as follows: gradeⅠ for growth status,130 g yield per plant,95% survival rate,24. 0 mg / g total flavonoids content and 4. 0 mg / g quercetin content. [Conclusions] Based on the comprehensive evaluation of indexes,three high-quality germplasms of HERBA TAXILLI were screened,which were from Qinzhou City,Nanning City and Yulin City. The original host plants were Averrhoa carambola,Nerium oleander and Dimocarpus longan. And the fruits were all oval and tuberculate.     

Study on Screening of Anti-inflammatory Activity Areas in the Stems and Leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum

[Objective]To study anti-inflammatory effects of water extract of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum. [Methods]Observed anti-inflammatory effects of extract of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum using 4 kinds of animal models of acute inflammation which was consisted of rats footpad swelling induced by egg white,ear swelling caused by xylene in mice,celiac capillary permeation in mice induced by 1% glacial acetic acid and content of PGE2in inflammatory tissue of rats' swelling foot induced by egg white. [Results]Extract of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum had a certain degree inhibition effect on ear swelling caused by xylene in mice,rats' footpad swelling and content of PGE2in inflammatory tissue of rats' swelling foot induced by egg white and celiac capillary permeation in mice induced by acute inflammation. Compared with model group,parts of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum that contained alkaloid were of significant differences( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). [Conclusions] Parts of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum that contained alkaloid had strong anti-inflammatory effects and other parts also had various degrees of anti-inflammatory effects.     

Research on the Intercropping Technology of Fruit of HERBA DESMODII STYRACIFOLII

[Objective]To review and standardize the intercropping technology of HERBA DESMODII STYRACIFOLII and fruit trees through the research on the intercropping technology of fruit. [Methods]A series of the intercropping technologies of HERBA DESMODII STYRACIFOLII and fruit trees is adopted such as soil breaking,seedling transplanting,farmland management,pest control and the collection of materials in the kumquat garden.[Results]The best efficiency of intercropping technology of HERBA DESMODII STYRACIFOLII is gained in the kumquat garden of young age. Intercropping technology can prevent the garden from the grass breeding and enhance the garden's ability of soil fixation,water conservation and fertilizer maintenance. Thus,the intercropping technology of HERBA DESMODII STYRACIFOLII can be concluded. [Conclusions] It is of significance of this technology in intercropping HERBA DESMODII STYRACIFOLII in the garden of young age,enhancing the soil efficiency,guarding orchardists to make good use of their weak points and pursue the cube management,increasing the benefits of orchardists and developing new methods of medicinal materials cropping.     

桐花树果实乙酸乙酯部位体外抗氧化活性研究

为了研究桐花树果实乙酸乙酯部位的抗氧化作用,考察了乙酸乙酯部位对DPPH自由基,羟自由基的清除效果,测定了其总还原力以及对H₂O₂诱导小鼠氧化溶血和对小鼠肝匀浆MDA生成的抑制作用。结果表明：桐花树果实乙酸乙酯部位对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率随着样液质量浓度的增加而升高。0.01、0.05、0.1 mg/mL桐花树果实乙酸乙酯部位对H₂O₂对小鼠红细胞溶血抑制的抑制率分别为47.64%、67.09%、81.99%。与阴性对照组相比,0.5~2.0 mg/mL桐花树果实提取物均可极显著地抑制小鼠肝匀浆自发的产生MDA(P<0.01)。可见,桐花树果实乙酸乙酯部位具有明显的抗氧化活性。     

Optimization of the Extraction Technology of HERBA CENTIPEDAE by Central Composite Design-Response Surface Method

[Objective]To optimize the extraction technology of effective components from HERBA CENTIPEDAE.[Methods]The extraction technology of brevifolin from HERBA CENTIPEDAE was optimized by central composite design-response surface method.[Results]The optimal extraction technology was 90% ethanol concentration,132 min extraction time and 1∶18(g/mL) solid-liquid ratio.Under this condition,the brevifolin content was 4.630 46 mg/g.The multiple correlation coefficient of binomial fitting model was 0.929 0.[Conclusions] Central composite design-response surface method could be used to optimize the extraction technology from HERBA CENTIPEDAE.The established model was simple,accurate and predictable.     

Detection of Quercitrin and Quercetin Contents in HERBA TAXILLI by RP-HPLC

[Objective] To establish a rapid,fast and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic analysis for HERBA TAXILLI.[Methods]Quercitrin and quercetin were extracted from HERBA TAXILLI by acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic extraction. Quercitrin and quercetin contents were detected by RP-HPLC. [Results] Quercetin was the main component extracted by acid hydrolysis. There were few free quercetins by ultrasonic extraction; and they were mainly existed in the form of quercitrin. [Conclusions] Quercitrin extracted by ultrasonic extraction was used as the index for quantitative determination; detection was carried out by RP-HPLC. This method could rapidly and accurately reflect the quality of HERBA TAXILLI.     

The Anti-inflammatory and Antiasthma Activities of the Extracts from the Leaves of Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.

[Objective] To research on the anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities of the extracts from the leaves of Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.[Methods] Ethanol extracts were obtained from the crude powder of E. macrophylla leaves. Asthmogenic method by nebulization was carried out; auricular swelling of mice was induced by xylene so as to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities. [Results] Extracts from E. macrophylla leaves had relatively strong anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities,which were significant when the extracts dosage of E. macrophylla was 40 mg / kg. The activities enhanced significantly as the extracts dosage increased.[Conclusions]High-dosage extracts showed the same anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities as the positive control,which had relatively high values of development and utilization.     

Determination of Plumbagin Contents in HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE under Different Grown Conditions

[Objective]To determine the plumbagin contents in the stems,leaves and roots of HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE under different grown conditions,and to provide test data for its domestication. [Methods]The plumbagin contents in the stems,leaves and roots of HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE were detected by RP-HPLC. [Results] Plumbagin contents in HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE grown in mellow soil and clay were higher than those grown in sandy and raw soils. Plumbagin contents in HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE applying K and N fertilizers were higher than that of P fertilizer. Plumbagin content was the maximum in HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE grown under full illumination. Plumbago contents in the roots,stems,and leaves grown under different reproduction modes showed only slight changes. [Conclusions]Considering from the angle of plumbagin content,the optimal cultivation condition for HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE was as follows: a given amount of N and K fertilizers should be applied during the growth of cutting seedlings of HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE on clay; and full illumination should be provided. Under this condition,the high-yield and highquality HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE could be obtained.     

腐乳产蛋白酶菌种的筛选

采用2种不同的培养基,对4种不同品牌腐乳产蛋白酶的菌株进行了筛选,从每种腐乳中筛选出了1株透明圈与沉淀圈比值较大的菌株,研究了它在发酵过程中蛋白酶活力的变化。     

从化感水稻根际土壤中筛选抑草细菌的研究

从化感水稻PI312777根际土壤中筛选具有抑草作用的细菌,为开发抑草微生物资源提供科学依据。以稀释涂布平板法筛选菌株,以莴苣、稗草为受体,实验室生物测试和盆栽试验相结合,确定候选菌株的抑草活性。实验室生物测试结果表明,有2个菌株Z1和Z2的发酵液对莴苣具有强抑制作用,且对稗草根长的抑制率为50%~60%,株高的抑制率为40%~50%。盆栽试验结果表明,Z1和Z2的发酵液对稗草根长的抑制率分别为28.1%和27.0%,株高的抑制率分别为8.85%和4.48%。菌株发酵液对3种水稻的根长有促进作用,对株高没有影响或小的抑制作用（抑制率3%）。结果表明水稻化感抑草作用与根际微生物有关,暗示从化感水稻根际土壤中筛选抑草细菌是一个可行的思路。     

红酵母虾青素的分离与纯化初探

探索红酵母所产虾青素的分离与纯化工艺,为其特性研究和开发利用提供重要参考依据。首先采用经萃取、浓缩后的虾青素粗提液,通过NaOH-乙醇溶液进行皂化,再经过聚酰胺柱层析纯化虾青素,最后用TLC法（Thin Layer Chromatography）和HPLC法（High Performance Liquid Chromatography）检测其纯化结果。结果表明：虾青素最适皂化条件为将样品置于20 g/L的NaOH-乙醇皂化液中,15℃,皂化10 min,再以聚酰胺为固定相,依次按正己烷、正己烷:二氯甲烷=4:1、正己烷:二氯甲烷=2:1、二氯甲烷为流动相对虾青素样品进行梯度洗脱,收集游离虾青素馏分置于35℃,0.08 MPa真空条件下浓缩,检测其纯度为92.9%。     

从棉花ESTs数据库中筛选微卫星标记的初步研究

利用生物信息学方法在含有94709条棉花EST序列的数据库中进行微卫星标记筛选,共发现微卫星序列4396个,占整个EST数据库的4.64%。其中双碱基重复序列1282个、三碱基序列2411个,分别占在EST数据库中发现微卫星序列总数的29.27%和54.8%。根据筛选到的微卫星序列设计并合成引物25对,其中24对引物有扩增产物,17对产物条带比较清晰,对这些条带比较清晰的产物作了一系列的分析。     

西洋参果肉乙醚相中发芽抑制物质的研究

本文首次报道从西洋参果肉中分离鉴定４种发芽抑制物质－－乙酸、丁酸、异相酸和苯乙酮,同时利用标准品测定有效抑制浓度分别为１０、１０、１００和１００μｌ／Ｌ。从而明确西洋参种子成熟时,种胚尚不能成熟的主要原因之一是果肉中存在磋眵种抑制活性较强的发芽抑制物质。     

Effects of Medicated Serum of HERBA POLYGONI PERFOLIATI on HBsAg and HBeAg Secretion in 2215 Cells

[Objective] To research the effects of medicated serum of HERBA POLYGONI PERFOLIATI on HBsAg and HBeAg secretion in2215 cells. [Methods]Destruction rate of medicated serum of HERBA POLYGONI PERFOLIATI to 2215 cells and HL-7702 were detected by MTT method; HBsAg and HBeAg secretion in cell supernatant was detected by ELISA method when four different concentrations of medicated serums were applied in 2215 cells for 72 h. [Results]20% and 40% medicated serums showed inhibitory effects on HBsAg and HBeAg secretion,showing certain dose-effect relationship. At the same time,medicated serum of HERBA POLYGONI PERFOLIATI had less significant inhibitory effects on HL-7702 than that on 2215 cells. [Conclusions] Medicated serum of HERBA POLYGONI PERFOLIATI had certain toxic and anti-HBV effects in vitro.     

EMS诱变甜高粱突变体筛选与鉴定

为了创制优良甜高粱种质资源,改良高配合力父本性状,为甜高粱遗传育种奠定基础,本试验利用24 h+0.25%甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)水溶液诱变甜高粱甜C-1,从M2代中筛选鉴定优良突变体用于下一步遗传育种。研究表明叶色突变主要发生在M1代,且大部分不能遗传,M1代发现的突变,M2代中依然能够大量发现同类突变。在M2代田间鉴定中发现的突变体类型主要有叶色白化和黄化突变、穗型突变为纺锤型、颖壳包被度变异为1/2和3/4包被、颖壳颜色突变为黑褐色、籽粒增大、籽粒突变为白色、芒性消失、全生育期缩短。利用EMS诱变可以改良现有优良父本性状,加速杂交种的选育,且发现大量的突变体对甜高粱基因功能的挖掘和遗传育种有积极的意义。     

贵州省马铃薯疮痂病抗性品种初筛

为了筛选贵州省马铃薯疮痂病抗性品种,从黄平和长顺地区采集马铃薯疮痂病病薯,进行病原菌分离纯化。分离得到2株疮痂病原菌HP 2-1菌株和GS 8-4菌株,采用小薯片法进行致病性测定,病原菌用于侵染龙薯4号、大西洋、青薯9号和黔芋8号等23个马铃薯品种(系),并分析其发病率。结果表明,对HP 2-1菌株最敏感的品种是延薯4号、09306-82、春薯6号、丽薯6号、费乌瑞它、大西洋和Q 8,发病率均为100%,侵染后小薯片严重变黑坏死,抗HP 2-1菌株的品种是12-1、青薯9号和黔芋8号,发病率分别为57.14%、61.90%和66.67%。对GS 8-4菌株最敏感的品种是东农310、春薯6号和丽薯6号,发病率均为100%,抗GS 8-4菌株的品种为09306-82、费乌瑞它和闽薯1号,发病率分别为38.10%、42.86%和47.62%。