Effects of acrosomal conditions of frozen-thawed spermatozoa on the results of artificial insemination in Japanese Black cattle

The purposes of this study were to examine the relationship between male artificial insemination (AI) fertility and sperm acrosomal conditions assessed by new and conventional staining techniques and to identify possible reproductive dysfunctions causing low conception rates in AI using frozen-thawed spermatozoa with poor acrosomal conditions in Japanese Black bulls. We investigated individual differences among bulls in the results concerning (1) acrosomal conditions of frozen-thawed spermatozoa as assessed by not merely peanut agglutinin-lectin staining (a conventional staining technique) but also immunostaining of acrosomal tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins (a new staining technique), (2) routine AI using frozen-thawed spermatozoa as assessed by pregnancy diagnosis, (3) in vivo fertilization of frozen-thawed spermatozoa and early development of fertilized eggs as assessed by superovulation/AI-embryo collection tests and (4) in vitro fertilization of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with oocytes. The percentages of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with normal acrosomal conditions assessed by the abovementioned staining techniques were significantly correlated with the conception rates of routine AI, rates of transferable embryos in superovulation/AI-embryo collection tests and in vitro fertilization rates. These results are consistent with new suggestions that the distribution of acrosomal tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins as well as the acrosomal morphology of frozen-thawed spermatozoa are AI fertility-associated markers that are valid for the prediction of AI results and that low conception rates in AI using frozen-thawed spermatozoa with poor acrosomal conditions result from reproductive dysfunctions in the processes between sperm insemination into females and early embryo development, probably failed fertilization of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with oocytes.     

Differential Effects of Continuous Exposure to the Investigational Metastin/Kisspeptin Analog TAK-683 on Pulsatile and Surge Mode Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone in Ovariectomized Goats

The aim of the present study was to determine if the estradiol-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is influenced by the constant exposure to TAK-683, an investigational metastin/kisspeptin analog, that had been established to depress the pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and LH secretion in goats. Ovariectomized goats subcutaneously received TAK-683 (TAK-683 group, n=6) or vehicle (control group, n=6) constantly via subcutaneous implantation of an osmotic pump. Five days after the start of the treatment, estradiol was infused intravenously in both groups to evaluate the effects on the LH surge. Blood samples were collected at 6-min intervals for 4 h prior to the initiation of either the TAK-683 treatment or the estradiol infusion, to determine the profiles of pulsatile LH secretion. They were also collected at 2-h intervals from –4 h to 32 h after the start of estradiol infusion for analysis of LH surges. The frequency and mean concentrations of LH pulses in the TAK-683 group were remarkably suppressed 5 days after the start of TAK-683 treatment compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). On the other hand, a clear LH surge was observed in all animals of both groups. There were no significant differences in the LH concentrations for surge peak and the peak time of the LH surge between the TAK-683 and control groups. These findings suggest that the effects of continuous exposure to kisspeptin or its analog on the mechanism(s) that regulates the pulsatile and surge mode secretion of GnRH/LH are different in goats.     

我国肉牛生产发展之管见

本文通过对目前我国肉牛生产发展概况的介绍并与世界主要国家和地区情况的对比，阐述了自己对核问题的看法。对存在问题的原因进行了初步分析，并提出了建设性意见。     

渤海黑牛和日本和牛MSTN基因的比较分析

利用PCR扩增及测序的方法,分别对渤海黑牛和日本和牛的MSTN基因编码序列进行分析。结果显示:与日本和牛相比,渤海黑牛MSTN基因外显子1的111 bp处存在一个突变位点,在其外显子2和外显子3处进行比较分析,发现与NCBI上牛的序列一致,没有发生改变的位点。     

德阳市肉牛产业发展调研报告

对德阳市肉牛养殖场进行了实地调查,并收集采用了大量数据资料,分析了德阳市肉牛产业的发展现状、存在的问题和发展肉牛产业的优势,提出了德阳肉牛产业发展的对策和建议。     

河南省三种地方牛种超数排卵结果与分析

［目的］为了分析河南三种肉牛超数排卵效果。［方法］分别选择夏南牛、郏县红牛、南阳牛作为试验母牛,采用两次PG+促卵泡素(FSH)的方法对试验母牛进行超数排卵,观测试验母牛获得总胚胎数、可用胚数分析超数排卵效果。［结果］结果显示,夏南牛可用胚9.86枚/头,南阳牛可用胚7.71枚/头,郏县红牛为6.75枚/头,可用胚中夏南牛最高与郏县红牛和南阳牛有显著性差异。可用胚率郏县红牛最高79.41%,显著高于夏南牛和南阳牛。［结论］结果表明,PG+FSH法可以用于夏南牛、郏县红牛和南阳牛的超数排卵。     

不同水平赖氨酸对肉牛瘤胃营养物质代谢规律的影响

采用 10月龄鲁西黄牛×利木赞杂交公牛 3只 ,装有瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠瘘管 ,根据基础日粮 待测氨基酸的方法 ,按 6× 3不完全拉丁方设计 ,从瘤胃投饲 6种水平的包被赖氨酸 ,分别为 0、6、9、12、15和 18g/d。试验结果表明 :各组瘤胃液pH值和氨氮的差异不大 ,6个水平组的试验牛的pH值和氨氮在 2 4小时内的变化规律一致。投饲 15g/d的动物油包被赖氨酸 ,日增重、可消化氮、沉积氮、沉积氮 /可消化氮显著高于其他四组 ,分别为 3 61 5 2g/d± 12 2g/d、84 40g/d± 3 3 3g/d、19 0 8g/d± 3 61g/d和 2 0 73 %±3 66%。瘤胃投饲 15g/d的赖氨酸 ,ADF和NDF在瘤胃的含量最低 ,表明牛ADF和NDF在瘤胃的降解率提高 ,但DM含量最大     

奶牛发情周期中生殖激素浓度与卵泡发育对比分析

选择从澳大利亚购进的2岁左右发情周期为21d育成母牛10头,用放射免疫测定法（RIA）测定发情周期血清中促卵泡素、促黄体素、孕酮、雌二醇17β的浓度,用B-型超声波诊断仪检测发情周期卵巢卵泡发育变化。结果显示：优势卵泡发育体积和FSH、LH、与E2浓度在奶牛发情周期中主要表现出两个波峰．对比分析显示奶牛在发情周期第12天（优势卵泡峰时）不发情与不排卵主要原因可能是体内前列腺素等激素量不足所致。     

光照强度对Kisspeptin及其受体GPR54在鸡脑表达的影响

随机选用100日龄京红Ⅰ号蛋鸡,分别接受光照强度30,20,10,1 lx处理,运用免疫组化技术测定Kisspeptin和GPR54免疫反应阳性神经元在鸡中脑和间脑的分布和表达。结果显示:Kisspeptin免疫反应阳性神经元主要分布于中脑SGC、Imc、Ipc、顶盖前核(Pt)、外侧螺旋核(SPL)。在SGC、Imc、Ipc,平均灰度值和面积百分比,30,20 lx组显著高于10,1 lx组(P<0.05),在Pt和SPL,30 lx平均灰度值和面积百分比最高。GPR54免疫反应阳性神经元主要分布于中脑的lmc、Ipc、SP/IPS、nbor、SGC,平均灰度值和面积百分比,光照强度30,20 lx组显著大于l0,1 lx组(P<0.05)。Kisspeptin免疫反应阳性神经元主要分布于间脑的下丘脑后内侧核(MPH)、丘脑室旁核前部(PVa)、PHN、PVN、Rot。在Rot、PHN、PVN和PVa,Kisspeptin免疫反应阳性神经元平均灰度值和面积百分比,30,20 lx组显著大于l0,1 lx组(P>0.05);在MPH,30 lx高于20 lx,20 lx高于10 lx,10 lx高于1 lx组。GPR54免疫阳性神经元主要分布于鸡间脑PVN、GLv、Rot、PHN和CPa。平均灰度值和面积百分比在Rot,30 lx组最大,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),在PVN、PHN、GLv和CPa,30,20 lx组显著大于10,1 lx组(P<0.05)。Kisspeptin免疫反应阳性细胞在腺垂体的平均灰度值,光照强度20 lx组最大,面积百分比30 lx最大,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,光照强度能促进Kisspeptin和GRP54在蛋鸡中脑和间脑表达,随光照强度增加,表达量增加。Kisspeptin接受光信息调控,通过调节GnRH分泌,参与调节鸡的生殖机能。     

Effects of a high milk intake during the pre‐weaning period on nutrient metabolism and growth rate in Japanese Black cattle

This study aimed to determine the effects of feeding an increased volume of high‐fat milk during the early post‐natal life on metabolite concentrations in the blood, the expression of key genes regulating intermediary metabolism in the skeletal muscles, and the rate of growth of Japanese Black cattle. All calves were fed a high‐fat milk replacer (crude protein, 26%; crude fat, 25.5%; total dissolved nitrogen, 116%). Control calves (n = 4) were nursed with 500 g milk replacer until 3 months of age, whereas calves in the experimental group (n = 4) were nursed with 1800 g milk replacer until 3 months, and then the volume was gradually reduced until 5 months. Body weight was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 7 months. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the experimental group. Expression of glucose‐transporter‐4 messenger RNA (mRNA) was lower, whereas that of glucose transporter 1, cluster of differentiation 36, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1b mRNA was significantly higher in the Longissimus thoracis of the experimental group. Nutritional status during early post‐natal life appears to strongly influence the growth rate and glucose and lipid metabolism in Japanese Black cattle.     

母牛的分娩季节对肉牛生产性能的影响

[目的]探讨母牛的分娩季节对肉牛生产性能的影响,为全放牧母牛的繁殖提供科学依据.[方法]通过对昆明小哨示范牧场不同季节出生犊牛的生产性能和产犊后母牛的配种受胎率进行分析.[结果]母牛的分娩季节影响犊牛的生长发育、犊牛成活率,以及母牛繁殖力,从而在总体上限制肉牛生产性能的发挥.[结论]在有条件的地区,应尽可能根据当地的自然条件把母牛的分娩季节调整到气候暧和干燥的季节,配种期应调节在牧草生长旺盛的季节,这样既有利于牧场日常管理,又有利于肉牛生产性能的发挥,把牛肉的生产成本降到最低以获取最大的经济效益.     

不同组合三元杂交肉牛生长发育观察（第二报）

为了解不同三元杂交组合改良豫北黄牛的效果，对本西夏Ｆ２７６头，本海利６０头，初生，６月龄，１２月龄，２４月龄体重，体尺生长发育进行了测定，分析，结果表明，三元杂交肉牛生长发育迅速，各月龄体重，体尺较豫北黄牛有较大提高。两种三元杂交组合相比，本西夏Ｆ２生长发育较快。     

新疆伊犁州肉牛产业发展对策思考

肉牛产业是新疆建设优质畜产品产业集群、全面推进乡村振兴的重要产业之一,伊犁州是新疆重要的肉牛繁育生产基地,也是肉牛存栏最多、牛肉产量最高的地区。本文从肉牛产业链延炼、补链、拓链出发,从新疆伊犁州当前肉牛产业发展情况、短板等方面,全面剖析伊犁周肉牛产业高质量发展之路,为新疆伊犁州肉牛产业发展提供对策参考。     

六盘水肉牛业发展思考

本文对六盘水肉牛业发展的经验进行了总结,对今后的发展提出了建议。     

Predicting the start of calving in Japanese Black cattle using camera image analysis

This study assessed the feasibility of using camera image analysis to detect behavioral changes as an indicator of the onset of calving in Japanese Black cattle. Thirty-five pregnant cattle individually housed in pens were used and were continuously monitored using a digital camera system. For the automatic determination of the x and y coordinates of a cow, trajectory analysis was conducted using thermal image and analysis software, and the distances moved were calculated using coordinate data. Further, the frequency of postural changes and the time spent tail raising per hour were measured for 14 cows using visible images. The measurement data were used to calculate hourly data for 12 h prior to amniorrhexis (first rupture of the allantoic sac). The hourly distances moved tended to increase at the time of amniorrhexis, with significantly longer distances measured 3–0 h before amniorrhexis than those at 12–8 h before amniorrhexis (P < 0.05). In all cows, amniorrhexis occurred within 11 h of hourly distances moved by more than 50% compared with distance moved the previous hour. The overall average elapsed time before amniorrhexis was 9 h 30 min (range: 5–11 h). Tail raising time and the frequency of postural changes significantly increased at 1–0 h and 2–0 h before amniorrhexis, respectively. This suggests that predicting the time of calving is possible by measuring the activity of Japanese Black cows during late pregnancy using camera image analysis as a non-invasive technique.     

甘肃陇东肉牛的培育状况及发展措施

本文是在调查甘肃省陇东地区肉牛目前现状的基础上,阐述了养殖品种,规模以及饲养方式和要解决较为突出的育种问题。根据目前我国和我省应立足于本地区现有限的遗传资源,借鉴这些宝贵的经验教训和先进的育种技术,肉牛培育的方向,着重探讨了陇东肉牛培育选育的标准和措施。     

奶牛生殖激素和体温的性周期变化及调控机制研究进展

随着养殖的集约化程度逐渐提高,传统高耗低效的发情鉴定方法制约了奶牛养殖的经济效益。定时输精技术虽跨越了发情鉴定环节,但未获得理想的受胎率。本文对奶牛卵泡发育过程中生殖激素的变化规律以及雌激素、孕激素、生长因子等对卵泡生长发育的调控作用展开论述,并分析了奶牛体温的性周期变化规律及外源激素对体温的影响,为优化提高同期排卵-定时输精技术及推动奶牛养殖业集约化、智能化、标准化发展提供科学参考。