Detection of Nine Elements in RHIZOMA CHUANXIONG,RADIX NOTOGINSENG,RADIX POLYGONI MULTIFLORI,RADIX ET RHIZOMA RHEI and RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS MACROCEPHALAE by ICP-MS

[Objective] To establish the method of microwave digestion- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS),and to detect the nine elements( Cu,Mo,Ni,Hg,Se,As,Pb,Cr,Cd) in RHIZOMA CHUANXIONG,RADIX NOTOGINSENG,RADIX POLYGONI MULTIFLORI,RADIX ET RHIZOMA RHEI and RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS MACROCEPHALAE.[Methods]Nitric acid was used for digestion.The working conditions for ICP-MS were as follows: flow rate of carrier gas was 1.07 L/min; radio-frequency power was1 580 W; sample depth was 5.2 mm; mass resolution was 0.65- 0.80 amu; lifting speed of peristaltic pump was 0.5 r/min; atomizing chamber temperature was 2 ℃; oxide CeO +/ Ce+ 0.5%; double charged Ce2 +/ Ce+ 2%; scanning mode was jump peak mode.There were in all three repetitions; and the integral time was 0.3 s.[Results]Under the optimized conditions,the detection limits of nine elements were between 0.03 and 1.93 μg/L; RSD values were 1.4%- 3.9%; and recovery rates were between 89.5% and 108.1%.According to Green Trade Standards of Importing Exporting Medicinal Plants,Pb,Cd,Hg,As and Zn contents in RHIZOMA CHUANXIONG,RADIX NOTOGINSENG,RADIX POLYGONI MULTIFLORI and RADIX ET RHIZOMA RHEI were under the standard level; but the Hg content in RHIZOMA ATRACTYLODIS MACROCEPHALAE was six times more than the standard level.However,Europe,Canada and the United States had more strict standards for heavy metals in Traditional Chinese Medicines[10].For instance,the United States forbid the import of Traditional Chinese Medicine containing Pb and Hg; and Canada forbid the import of Traditional Chinese Medicine having Pb,As and Hg.Therefore,more strict control was needed for the heavy metal content in Traditional Chinese Medicine.[Conclusions] This method was simple,accurate,effective and sensitive,and could be used for simultaneous analysis of the nine elements in rhizome herbs.     

Screening of Anti-inflammatory Active Fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE

[Objective] To screen the anti-inflammatory active fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.[Methods]Anti-inflammatory activity screening was carried out based on mice auricle swelling model induced by xylene,capillary permeability model in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling model induced by carrageenan and PGE2 model in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan.[Results] Compared with Tween-80 group,high-and middle-dosage groups of water fractions( 6,3g/kg) had significant inhibitory effects on mice auricle swelling induced by xylene,capillary permeability in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling induced by carrageenan,and PGE2 in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan( P 0.05,0.01).Other fractions showed weak or basically no activities.[Conclusions]Water fraction was the anti-inflammatory active fraction of RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.     

Functions of Antiradiation Gel of RADIX SCUTELLARIAE and RADIX ET RHIZOMA GINSENG after UVB Irradiation

[Objective] To research the protective effects of antiradiation gel of RADIX SCUTELLARIAE and RADIX ET RHIZOMA GINSENG(Shen Qin Antiradiation Gel) on skin and immune system injury induced by UVB irradiation. [Methods] After Shen Qin Antiradiation Gel administration and UVB irradiation,changes of visceral index,skin histomorphology,and lymphocyte and blood platelet count were observed. transformation rate of splenic lymphocyte was detected by MTT method; and SOD activity in skin tissue homogenate was detected by enzymes and biochemical method. [Results] Shen Qin Antiradiation Gel could enhance the thymus index and lymphocyte count,increase the transformation rate of splenic lymphocyte and the SOD activity in skin tissue of mice. [Conclusions] Shen Qin Antiradiation Gel could resist UVB irradiation,and significantly protected the immune system and skin tissue of mice.     

Comparative Research of the Chemical Components of RADIX at RHIZOMA CYATHULAE CAPITATAE with RADIX et RHIZOMA CYATHULAE OFFICINALIS and RADIX et RHIZOMA ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE by Systematic Preliminary Test

[Objective]To carry out the systematic preliminary test on the chemical components of RADIX at RHIZOMA CYATHULAE CAPITATAE,and to compare with RADIX et RHIZOMA CYATHULAE OFFICINALIS and RADIX et RHIZOMA ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE.[Methods]Systematic preliminary tests was adopted;physical and chemical identification of the water extracted solutions,ethanol extracted solutions and petroleum ether extracted solutions were carried out for RADIX at RHIZOMA CYATHULAE CAPITATAE,RADIX et RHIZOMA CYATHULAE OFFICINALIS and RADIX et RHIZOMA ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE,respectively.The chemical components were preliminarily identified and compared.[Results]The three medicines all had saccharides,glycosides,proteins,saponins,phenols,organic acids,flavonoids,alkaloids,sterides,triterpenes and so on.Hydrochloric acid-magnesium powder test on the identification of flavonoids showed that the three medicines were all negative,indicating that the structures of flavonoids components were similar.Alkali test on the anthraquinones identification showed that only RADIX at RHIZOMA CYATHULAE CAPITATAE was negative;identification test on volatile oil and grease showed that only RADIX et RHIZOMA ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE was positive.[Conclusions]It was preliminarily identified that there were saccharides,glycosides,proteins,saponins,phenols,organic acids,flavonoids,alkaloids,sterides and triterpenes in RADIX at RHIZOMA CYATHULAE CAPITATAE.     

瓜蒌种子质量标准研究

[目的]通过对12批瓜萎种子质量分析,建立中药瓜蒌种子质量标准.[方法]本研究参照《农作物种子检验规程》,对不同基源瓜蒌材料进行真实性鉴定,并对种子的净度、千粒重、水分、生活力、发芽率等指标进行品质检验和统计分析.[结果]研究所用的瓜萎种子均为正品,净度普遍较高,不同批次间水分、千粒重、生活力、发芽率指标测定值批间差异较大,具有统计学显著性.[结论]依据统计分析结果建立瓜蒌种子质量评价标准为千粒重≥180 g,含水量≤7.0％,生活力≥85％,发芽率≥30％.     

桔梗种子质量标准研究

桔梗是一种药、食、赏兼用药材,人工种植面积大,种子市场需求量大,目前市场缺乏可操作的中药材桔梗优质种子质量评价检验标准.本研究通过对桔梗种子的净度、千粒重、含水量、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数等指标的测定与统计分析,建立桔梗优质种子质量评价检验标准.     

种子质量标准的确定方法研究

该文提出了种子质量标准的试验与分析方法，研究了试验观测值的数学模型，引进了“本真值”新概念，创立了以本真值为标准尺度的标准值计算方法。品种纯度标准值（ＣＰＳＶ）等于纯度试验平均值（Ｘｃ）与纯度试验标准误（Ｓｅｃ）之差，即ＣＰＳＶ＝Ｘｃ－Ｓｅｃ；种子净度标准值（ＳＰＳＶ）等于净度试验平均值（Ｘｓ）ｇｎ ｕｑｖｈｙａ ｙａｃｗｓｆｕｗｙｋｇｄ（Ｓｅｓ）之差，ＳＰＳＶ＝Ｘｓ－Ｓｅｓ；发芽率标准值（ＧＰＳ     

坚持质量标准 发展种子产业

我镇是国家级杂交水稻种子生产基地 ,近些年采用“农户 +公司 (站 ) +市场”的生产经营模式 ,按照产销农业订单对内实行生产责任制 ,对外实行营销合同制 ,常年承制杂交稻种 2 0 0 0亩左右 ,平均亩产 2 0 0～2 5 0千克 ,总产 4 0万～ 5 0万千克。经大田种植和海南鉴定 ,种子纯度一直保持在 98%～ 99%范围内 ,发芽率、净度、水分等指标均达到国颁一级种标准 ,位居同行业前列。在激烈的市场竞争和买方市场的情况下 ,多年来我们始终把质量看成是种子企业永恒的话题和追求 ,是产销工作的生命线 ,坚持以质量扬信誉 ,争用户 ,拓市场 ,使每年所产的…     

HPLC-DAD-ELSD Simultaneous Determination of Four Triterpenoids in RHIZOMA ALISMATIS

[Objective] To establish an analytical method for simultaneously determining the alisol C 23-acetate,Alisol A,alisol B,alisol B23-acetate in RHIZOMA ALISMATIS. [Methods]The assay was performed on a Ultimate XB- C18column(4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile- water(65∶35) at a flow rate of 1. 0 mL /min. The column temperature was at 30 ℃ and the optimum detection wavelength of DAD was 245 nm. The drift tube and atomizer temperatures of ELSD were 60 and 55 ℃,respectively,with a carrier gas(N2) pressure of 20 psi. [Results]The linear range of alisol C 23-acetate,Alisol A,alisol B and alisol B 23-acetate were 1.869-29. 90 μg /mL(r = 0. 999 8),3. 731- 74. 62 μg /mL(r = 0. 999 7),8. 653- 138. 4 μg /mL(r = 0. 999 9),and 4. 832- 77. 31 μg /mL(r =0. 999 5),respectively. The average recovery rates(n = 6) were 98. 78%(RSD = 2. 63%),98. 05%(RSD = 2. 72%),98. 26%(RSD =2. 86%) and 97. 65%( RSD = 2. 95%),respectively. 20 batches of RHIZOMA ALISMATIS were detected by this method; and results showed that there were relatively great differences in the contents of four triterpenoids between RHIZOMA ALISMATIS grown in Sichuan and Fujian. The average content of total triterpenoids in 10 batches of RHIZOMA ALISMATIS grown in Sichuan was significantly higher than that grown in Fujian. The content of former was 2. 499- 4. 701 mg /g; while the content of latter was 1. 210- 3. 523 mg /g. Besides,alisol A was not detected in the RHIZOMA ALISMATIS grown in Fujian Province; while the alisol A content in RHIZOMA ALISMATIS grown in Sichuan was relatively high. Therefore,this feature could be used for the identification of two RHIZOMA ALISMATIS. [Conclusions] The HPLCDAD-ELSD quantitative analysis method was simple,rapid and accurate,and could be used for the quantitative analysis of multi-component of RHIZOMA ALISMATIS,which provided a novel approach for the comprehensively evaluation of the quality of RHIZOMA ALISMATIS.     

青蒿种子品质检验及质量标准的研究

目的:研究青蒿种子品质检验方法和质量分级标准,为青蒿种子检验规程及质量标准的制定提供依据。方法:对不同产地的青蒿种子的品质进行测定。结果与结论:测定了不同产地青蒿种子净度、千粒重、含水率、生活力、发芽率等,并初步制定了青蒿种子的质量分级标准。     

唐山市大葱种子质量标准编制说明

介绍了唐山市地方标准《瓜菜作物种子大葱》(DB1302/T 381-2014)的项目来源、背景、编制过程和技术内容,适用于唐山地区生产销售的大葱种子,涵盖包衣种子和非包衣种子.该标准对于规范唐山大葱种子市场,约束生产者的行为,提高种子质量等方面具有十分重要的现实意义.     

川牛膝种子质量分级标准研究

目的:制定川牛膝种子质量分级标准.方法:对所搜集的48份不同产地川牛膝种子进行发芽率、千粒重、生活力、净度和含水量等指标的测定,利用K聚类分析的数学分级原理,对发芽率、千粒重等指标的相关数据进行标准化转变,通过聚类分析,制定分级标准.结果:川牛膝种子质量等级可以分为3个,其中发芽率和千粒重作为分级的主要指标,生活力次之,净度和含水量是质量分级的参考指标.结论:此法制定的川牛膝种子质量分级标准科学可行,能够作为川牛膝药材规范生产的参考标准.     

赣南脐橙气候品质标准研究

建立赣南脐橙气候品质评价方法及分级标准,为赣南脐橙气候品质评价提供科学依据。利用赣南脐橙抽样检测果品资料和气象观测资料,研究了不同气候条件对脐橙品质的影响。结果表明：盛夏到秋初的相对湿度、总降水量与赣南脐橙可溶性固形物呈显著负相关作用,盛夏到秋初的平均气温与脐橙可溶性固形物呈正相关作用,与酸含量呈负相关作用,脐橙成熟期气温与可溶性固形物的正相关、与酸含量的负相关、与固酸比的正相关均较显著。因此,构建赣南脐橙综合品质评价指数,以7—10月的总降水量、9—11月的平均气温和10月中旬—11月中旬的平均相对湿度共3个气候统计值为参考因子,建立赣南脐橙气候品质评价的数学模型,以此确定脐橙的气候品质等级。     

Extraction Process and Quality Standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules

[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules. [Methods] Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added, extraction time and extraction times as factors, and the content of tanshinone I as the index. Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Radix Astragali in the capsules were qualitatively identified by TLC, and the content of tanshinone I in the capsules was determin...     

广西火桐种子质量分级标准研究

[目的]制定广西火桐种子质量分级标准.[方法]测定30批次广西火桐种子的净度、千粒重、含水量、生活力及发芽率共5项指标,应用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行聚类分析,确定广西火桐种子质量分级标准.[结果]广西火桐种子被分为3个等级,其中达到二级及以上标准的种子认定为合格种子.种子含水量、千粒重、发芽率和生活力为广西火桐种子质量分级的主要指标,净度为参考指标.[结论]建立了广西火桐种子分级质量标准.     

北苍术种子质量分级标准研究

对源自不同产地的22份北苍术种子形态大小、含水量、千粒重、净度、生活力、发芽率等指标进行检验.在对试验数据进行收集、整理、分析的基础上,将其分成三个等级,本实验依据各项检测项目对22份北苍术种子进行检验,初步确定北苍术种子分级标准.     

Study on the HPLC Fingerprint of RHIZOMA COPTIDIS in Sichuan

[Objective] To establish the fingerprint detecting standard for RHIZOMA COPTIDIS in Sichuan. [Method] Using berberine hydrochloride as the reference substance, the separation was carried out on a SinoChrom ODS-BP (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the detection wavelength at 345 nm. Following the injection of sample solution, a gradient elution with methanol-0.1% caproic acid and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate as mobile phase was initiated at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. [Result] A total of 14 common peaks were found in the chromatogram of RHIZOMA COPTIDIS, the parameter of which met with the stipulation of Chinese Medicine Injection Fingerprint Technical Requirements. [Conclusion] The method is simple and accurate with a good reproducibility and can be used in quality evaluation and variety discrimination of RHIZOMA COPTIDIS in Sichuan.     

广州相思子种子质量分级标准研究

通过对5个年份24份广州相思子种子样品进行测定,发现广州相思子当年收获的种子发芽率较高(84%～92%),随着贮藏时间延长,发芽率逐年下降,贮藏3年以上的发芽率下降至0,确定发芽率是影响种子质量的首要因素.参照农作物种子质量分级指标,结合种子过筛分级结果,选择净度、水分、发芽率、千粒重作为种子质量分级指标,确定了广州相思子种子质量分级标准.     

穿龙薯蓣种子质量分级标准研究

[目的]研究穿龙薯蓣种子质量分级标准,进一步了解穿龙薯蓣种子全国分布情况与各地种子商品的质量等级情况。[方法]收集不同产地穿龙薯蓣种子样品,参照《农作物种子检验规程》(GB/T 3543-1995),按要求分别进行含水量、净度、百粒重、发芽率、生活力的测定。[结果]建立了全国穿龙薯蓣种子分级标准。[结论]采用系统聚类的方法,并利用数学手段,建立了适用于穿龙薯蓣种子分级的标准。     

乌头(Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.)的种根质量标准探究

随着社会进步,人类急性心肌梗死、冠心病、肿瘤、慢性心力衰竭等疾病发生率居高不下,现代医学表明,乌头类产品有治疗心血管疾病、肿瘤、免疫系统疾病、能量代谢等疾病具有广泛的临床意义。乌头产品需求过高但供应不足,生产上为了提高乌头产量,广泛使用化肥及生长调节剂,但是化肥以及生长调节剂的施用会对环境、土壤以及人体产生较大的负面影响。探究乌头种根质量标准,用绿色生产的模式标准提高产量,对满足乌头的市场需求、医疗需求具有重大意义。为解决化肥及调节剂对人类及生态带来的恶劣影响,采用生态有机的方法解决乌头药材的生产需求,以达到提高乌头种根资源利用率,探索出乌头栽培生产中种根的最佳质量等级,制定出乌头生产的最佳种根标准。本研究将乌头的种根分成三个等级,使用单因素随机试验设计进行大田试验,通过相关性分析和灰色关联度分析等方法对产量、药典指标和经济效益指标进行综合评测。在产量水平上分析,大种根的川乌产量最高,中种根的附子产量优势较强。从质量水平分析,发现种根等级仅对新乌头碱和乌头碱含量具有显著影响,对水分、灰分和生物碱总量影响不大。中种根的经济效益最好。通过灰分关联法和DTOPSIS法对乌头的15种性状进行分析,发现中种根的综合性状更优良。建议生产中采用中种根做种,即以9~18 g的种根作为乌头种植的质量等级标准。